ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the design and methodology of a qualitative study to explore the main factors influencing dietary inequalities in adolescents in Madrid and Bilbao, Spain. METHOD: The study area included six neighborhoods (three in each city) of different socioeconomic status (SES): low, medium, and high. We sampled 12 secondary schools (six in each city: two per socioeconomic level). Our methodology comprised: 1) developing an ad hoc index to classify all neighborhoods according to their SES; 2) selecting the study area and sample; 3) conducting semi-structured interviews (n=36) and focus groups (n=24). Grounded theory and phenomenological analysis will be employed in data analysis. Initially, we found factors influencing in adolescents' diet such as gender, family environment, and SES. CONCLUSIONS: Systematizing the selection of neighborhoods and secondary schools, along with using appropriate methods, could serve as a foundation for future studies on health inequalities among adolescents.
Subject(s)
Diet , Research Design , Humans , Adolescent , Qualitative Research , Focus Groups , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Current dietary patterns, especially in high-income countries, are unsustainable. Health professionals, due to their credibility and close contact with the general population, could serve as agents of change for the adoption of sustainable diets. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding sustainable diets among the health professionals in Spain. A 24-item online questionnaire was designed for this purpose, and sent to health professionals (i.e., dietitians-nutritionists, nurses, physicians, and pharmacists). From September 2021 to May 2022, 2,545 health professionals answered the survey completely. One-fifth of them had never heard the term "sustainable diet", and most of them recognized having limited knowledge about it. They considered promoting sustainable diets when making dietary recommendations important, and pointed out that they would like to be trained on the topic. Indeed, they reported that all health professionals, independent of their career background, should be educated on sustainable diets. Efforts should be stressed on implementing training courses, at university level but also as continuous post-graduate training, providing health professionals in Spain the necessary knowledge to promote the adoption of sustainable diets among the population.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To describe the design and methodology of a qualitative study to explore the main factorsinfluencing dietary inequalities in adolescents in Madrid and Bilbao, Spain.Method: The study area included six neighborhoods (three in each city) of different socioeconomic status(SES): low, medium, and high. We sampled 12 secondary schools (six in each city: two per socioeconomiclevel). Our methodology comprised: 1) developing an ad hoc index to classify all neighborhoods accordingto their SES; 2) selecting the study area and sample; 3) conducting semi-structured interviews (n = 36)and focus groups (n = 24). Grounded theory and phenomenological analysis will be employed in dataanalysis. Initially, we found factors influencing in adolescents diet such as gender, family environment,and SES.Conclusions: Systematizing the selection of neighborhoods and secondary schools, along with usingappropriate methods, could serve as a foundation for future studies on health inequalities among adolescents.(AU)
Objetivo: Describir el dise no y la metodología de un estudio cualitativo que explora los factores principalesque influyen en la desigualdad alimentaria en los adolescentes en Madrid y Bilbao, Espa na.Método: Se seleccionaron seis barrios (tres en cada ciudad) de diferente estatus socioeconómico (ESE):bajo, medio y alto. Obtuvimos una muestra de 12 institutos (seis en cada ciudad y dos por nivel socioe-conómico). La metodología consistió en: 1) desarrollo de un índice ad hoc para clasificar los barrios segúnsu ESE; 2) selección de las áreas de estudio y de institutos; 3) realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas(n = 36) y grupos de discusión (n = 24). En el análisis se utilizarán la teoría fundamentada y el análisisfenomenológico. Inicialmente, encontramos factores que influyen en la alimentación de los adolescentes,como el género, el entorno familiar y el ESE.Conclusiones: La sistematización en la selección de barrios e institutos, y la utilización de metodologíaadecuada, pueden servir como base para futuros estudios sobre las desigualdades de salud en adolescentes.(AU)