ABSTRACT
This study investigates the potential applications of incorporating 2D bacterial cellulose microfibers (BCM) biochar into chitosan/polyethyleneimine beads as a semi-natural sorbent for the efficient removal of tetracycline (TET) and metronidazole (MET) antibiotics. Batch adsorption experiments and characterization techniques evaluate removal performance and synthesized adsorbent properties. The adsorbent eliminated 99.13 % and 90 % of TET and MET at a 10 mg.L-1 concentration with optimal pH values of 8 and 6, respectively, for 90 min. Under optimum conditions and a 400 mg.L-1 concentration, MET and TET have possessed the maximum adsorption capacities of 691.325 and 960.778 mg.g-1, respectively. According to the isothermal analysis, the adsorption of TET fundamentally follows the Temkin (R2 = 0.997), Redlich-Peterson (R2 = 0.996), and Langmuir (R2 = 0.996) models. In contrast, the MET adsorption can be described by the Langmuir (R2 = 0.997), and Toth (R2 = 0.991) models. The pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.998, 0.992) and Avrami (R2 = 0.999, 0.999) kinetic models were well-fitted with the kinetic results for MET and TET respectively. Diffusion models recommend that pore, liquid-film, and intraparticle diffusion govern the rate of the adsorption process. The developed semi-natural sorbent demonstrated exceptional adsorption capacity over eleven cycles due to its porous bead structure, making it a potential candidate for wastewater remediation.
Subject(s)
Cellulose , Charcoal , Chitosan , Metronidazole , Polyethyleneimine , Tetracycline , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Tetracycline/chemistry , Tetracycline/isolation & purification , Chitosan/chemistry , Adsorption , Charcoal/chemistry , Cellulose/chemistry , Metronidazole/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification , Kinetics , Polyethyleneimine/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Water Purification/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
In this epoch, the disposal of multipollutant wastewater inevitably compromises life on Earth. In this study, the inclusion of Bacterial cellulose microfilaments reinforced chitosan adorned with melamine 2D plates creates a unique 3D bead structure for anionic dye removal. The establishment of an imine network between melamine and chitosan, along with the quantity of inter- and intrahydrogen bonds, boosts the specific surface area to 106.68 m2.g-1. Removal efficiency and in-depth comprehension of synthesized adsorbent characteristics were assessed using batch adsorption experiments and characterization methods. Additionally, pH, adsorbent quantity, time, beginning concentration of solution, and temperature were analyzed and optimized as adsorption essential factors. Owing to the profusion of hydroxyl, amine, imine functional groups and aromatic rings, the synthesized adsorbent intimated an astonishing maximum adsorption capacity of 3168 mg.g-1 in Congo red dye removal at pH 5.5. Based on the kinetic evaluation, pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.999), pseudo-first-order (R2 = 0.964), and Avrami (R2 = 0.986) models were well-fitted with the kinetic results among the seven investigated models. The isothermal study reveals that the adsorption mechanism predominantly follows the Redlich-Peterson (R2 = 0.996), Koble-Carrigan, and Hill isotherm models (R2 = 0.994). The developed semi-natural sorbent suggests high adsorption capacity, which results from its exceptional structure, presenting promising implications for wastewater treatment.