ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated the association of mtDNA variants and haplogroups with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Moroccan patients. The Hypervariable Segments 1 of the mtDNA was sequenced in 108 diabetic patients and 97 controls. Association analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of five mtDNA variants (C16187T, C16270T, T16172C, A16293G, and C16320T) was significantly higher in cases than in controls. Among these variants, only C16270T (p = .02) and C16320T (p = .03) remains significant after adjusting by age and gender. We showed that C16270T and C16320T variants were strongly associated with increased risk of T2D in Moroccan patients.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genome, Mitochondrial , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Aged , DNA, Mitochondrial , Female , Genetic Association Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Morocco , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
In this study we analyzed 295 unrelated Berber-speaking men from northern, central, and southern Morocco to characterize frequency of the E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup and to refine the phylogeny of its subclades: E1b1b1b1-M107, E1b1b1b2-M183, and E1b1b1b2a-M165. For this purpose, we typed four biallelic polymorphisms: M81, M107, M183, and M165. A large majority of the Berber-speaking male lineages belonged to the Y-chromosomal E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup. The frequency ranged from 79.1% to 98.5% in all localities sampled. E1b1b1b2-M183 was the most dominant subclade in our samples, ranging from 65.1% to 83.1%. In contrast, the E1b1b1b1-M107 and E1b1b1b2a-M165 subclades were not found in our samples. Our results suggest a predominance of the E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup among Moroccan Berber-speaking males with a decreasing gradient from south to north. The most prevalent subclade in this haplogroup was E1b1b1b2-M183, for which diffferences among these three groups were statistically significant between central and southern groups.
Subject(s)
Ethnicity/genetics , Haplotypes/genetics , Alleles , Chromosomes, Human, Y , DNA/blood , DNA/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Variation , Genetics, Population , Humans , Male , Morocco , Phylogeny , Phylogeography/methods , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of the extended spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from community acquired urinary tract infections and collected in five Moroccan cities during a 2010 survey. In all, 34 (7.5%) of the 453 K. pneumoniae isolates studied were positive for an ESBL phenotype and 91.1% of these isolates were multidrug resistant. The bla(CTX-M-15) (n=31) was the most frequent ESBL genes detected, followed equally by bla(SHV-28) and bla(SHV-12) (n=3), then bla(TEM-3), bla(SHV-36), bla(SHV-110) and bla(CTX-M-1) with one isolate for each (n=1). Eight isolates co-expressed more than one ESBL with bla(CTX-M-15). The non-ESBL genes detected were bla(SHV-1), bla(SHV-11), bla(SHV-32), bla(SHV-26), bla(SHV-76), bla(TEM-1), bla(TEM-1b) and bla(OXA-1). Plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamase genes, bla(ACT-2), bla(DHA-1) and a new ß-lacatamase named bla(EBC-1464), were detected in 11.7% of isolates. Fourteen (41.1%) isolates harbored qnr genes; qnrA6 (n=1), qnrB1 (n=8), qnrB2 (n=1) and qnrS1 (n=4) types were detected. Twenty-six isolates (76.4%) were positive for aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. Results of conjugation experiments indicated that bla(CTX-M-15), bla(TEM-1b), bla(OXA-1), aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrB1 genes were co-transferred and that these genes were carried by a conjugative plasmid of high molecular weight. With the exception of qnrB1, all the antibiotic resistance genes were clustered in a 12-kb region. The results of this work report the genetic diversity of ESBL genes, with the CTX-M-15 enzyme being most common among ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in Moroccan community. Furthermore, a major finding is that bla(EBC-1464) detection is a first in Morocco.
Subject(s)
Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Plasmids , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Base Sequence , DNA Primers , Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Morocco , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Infertility affects around 1 in 10 men and in most cases the cause is unknown. The Y chromosome plays an important role in spermatogenesis and specific deletions of this chromosome, the AZF deletions, are associated with spermatogenic failure. Recently partial AZF deletions have been described but their association with spermatogenic failure is unclear. Here we screened a total of 339 men with idiopathic spermatogenic failure, and 256 normozoospermic ancestry-matched men for chromosome microdeletions including AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, and the AZFc partial deletions (gr/gr, b1/b3 and b2/b3).AZFa and AZFc deletions were identified in men with severe spermatogenic failure at similar frequencies to those reported elsewhere. Gr/gr deletions were identified in case and control populations at 5.83% and 6.25% respectively suggesting that these deletions are not associated with spermatogenic failure. However, b2/b3 deletions were detected only in men with spermatogenic failure and not in the normospermic individuals. Combined with our previous data this shows an association of the b2/b3 deletion (pâ=â0.0318) with spermatogenic failure in some populations. We recommend screening for this deletion in men with unexplained spermatogenic failure.
