Multiterritorial strokes in the setting of spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia syndrome.

We present a case study of a 38-year-old man who developed arterial and venous thrombi, resulting in multiterritorial strokes, a pulmonary embolus and a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the setting of spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia syndrome.

Routine Use of Tenecteplase for Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In ischemic stroke, intravenous tenecteplase is noninferior to alteplase in selected patients and has some practical advantages. Several stroke centers in New Zealand changed to routine off-label intravenous tenecteplase due to improved early recanalization in large vessel occlusion, inconsistent access to thrombectomy within stroke networks, and for consistency in treatment protocols between patients with and without large vessel occlusion. We report the feasibility and safety outcomes in tenecteplase-treated patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients thrombolyzed with intravenous tenecteplase at 1 comprehensive and 2 regional stroke centers from July 14, 2018, to February 29, 2020. We report the baseline clinical characteristics, rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and angioedema. These were then compared with patient outcomes with those treated with intravenous alteplase at 2 other comprehensive stroke centers. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed assessing the association of tenecteplase with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and independent outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2) at day 90. RESULTS: There were 165 patients treated with tenecteplase and 254 with alteplase. Age (75 versus 74 years), sex (56% versus 60% male), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (8 versus 10), median door-to-needle times (47 versus 48 minutes), or onset-to-needle time (129 versus 130 minutes) were similar between the groups. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 (1.8% [95% CI, 0.4-5.3]) tenecteplase patients compared with 7 (2.7% [95% CI, 1.1-5.7]) alteplase patients (P=0.75). There were no differences between tenecteplase and alteplase in the rates of angioedema (4 [2.4%; 95% CI, 0.7-6.2] versus 1 [0.4%; 95% CI, 0.01-2.2], P=0.08) or 90-day functional independence (100 [61%] versus 140 [57%], P=0.47), respectively. In mixed-effects logistic regression models, there was no significant association between thrombolytic choice and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio tenecteplase, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.14-2.80], P=0.53) or functional independence (odds ratio tenecteplase, 1.20 [95% CI, 0.74-1.95], P=0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of tenecteplase for stroke thrombolysis was feasible and had comparable safety profile and outcome to alteplase.

Functional neurological disorders presenting as emergencies to secondary care.

BACKGROUND: Functional neurological disorders (FND) represent a significant proportion of presentations to outpatient adult neurology services. There is little information relating to patients presenting to acute inpatient care. METHODS: We identified patients presenting as acute admissions with FND to Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, from 2016 to 2018. We analyzed relevant demographic and clinical data from electronic records and measured incidence of presentation to secondary care and healthcare utilization. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-two patients presented on 173 occasions with FND, representing 9% of all admissions to the neurology service during the 3-year study period. The mean age was 40 (SD 17) years, 111 (69%) patients were female and the median length of stay was 3 (IQR 2-4) days. A total of 92 computed tomography brain scans, 77 magnetic resonance imaging brain scans and 42 electroencephalograms were carried out. On 22 (13%) occasions, patients were referred for outpatient psychological therapy. In the 3 years prior to each patient's last presentation in the study period, these 162 patients had a total of 671 presentations to the emergency department. Healthcare demand did not decrease after the index admission. The rate of acute inpatient admission for FND was 10 per 100,000 per year for the total Christchurch Hospital catchment, 6/100,000/year in rural areas, and 11/100,000/year in urban areas. CONCLUSION: FND represented almost 1 in 10 acute neurology admissions with significant inpatient healthcare resource utilization.

Helsinki Stroke Model Is Transferrable With "Real-World" Resources and Reduced Stroke Thrombolysis Delay to 34 min in Christchurch.

BACKGROUND: Christchurch hospital is a tertiary hospital in New Zealand supported by five general neurologists with after-hours services provided mainly by onsite non-neurology medical residents. We assessed the transferrability and impact of the Helsinki Stroke model on stroke thrombolysis door-to-needle time (DNT) in Christchurch hospital. METHODS: Key components of the Helsinki Stroke model were implemented first in 2015 with introduction of patient pre-notification and thrombolysis by the computed tomography (CT) suite, followed by implementation of direct transfer to CT on ambulance stretcher in May 2017. Data from the prospective thrombolysis registry which began in 2012 were analyzed for the impact of these interventions on median DNT. RESULTS: Between May and December 2017, 46 patients were treated with alteplase, 25 (54%) patients were treated in-hours (08:00-17:00 non-public holiday weekdays) and 21 (46%) patients were treated after-hours. The in-hours, after-hours, and overall median (interquartile range) DNTs were 34 (28-43), 47 (38-60), and 40 (30-51) minutes. The corresponding times in 2012-2014 prior to interventions were 87 (68-106), 86 (72-116), and 87 (71-112) minutes, representing median DNT reduction of 53, 39, and 47 minutes, respectively (p-values <0.01). The interventions also resulted in significant reductions in the overall median door-to-CT time (from 49 to 19 min), CT-to-needle time (32 to 20 min) and onset-to-needle time (168 to 120 min). CONCLUSION: The Helsinki stroke model is transferrable with real-world resources and reduced stroke DNT in Christchurch by over 50%.

53-year-old man with rapid cognitive decline.

Kufs' disease (adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a rare form of neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease, the genetic basis of which remains obscure. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with a long history of adult onset epilepsy who presented with confusion and amnesia, and subsequently underwent rapidly progressive cognitive decline associated with myoclonic jerks. The clinical diagnosis was Creutzfeldt Jakob disease. However, autopsy brain examination revealed changes of Kufs' disease (Adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, or ANCL, also known as CLN4). No specific gross abnormalities were found but light microscopic examination revealed widespread neuronal ballooning and histochemical staining showed neuronal accumulation of PAS-positive material. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated excessive and abnormal lipopigment lysosomes typical of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The typical clinical and pathologic features of the Kufs' disease are discussed and the classification of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is reviewed.

Parasitic myositis in tropical Australia.

Three patients with Australian parasitic myositis caused by the muspiceoid nematode Haycocknema perplexum are described. Treatment with albendazole led to a slow and incomplete recovery, but treatment with steroids caused life-threatening deterioration.