Feeding preference of the shredder Phylloicus sp. for plant leaves of Chrysophyllum oliviforme or Miconia chartacea after conditioning in streams from different biomes / Preferência alimentar do fragmentador Phylloicus sp. por folhas de Chrysophyllum oliviforme e Miconia chartacea após condicionadas em riachos de dois biomas

Abstract Macroinvertebrate shredders consume preferably leaves conditioned by fungi and bacteria which offer greater palatability to them. Plant species in Cerrado present high concentration of chemical elements such as lignin and cellulose, phenols and tanins thus making them less attractive for shredders consumption and limiting the palatability. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding preference of a macroinvertebrate shredder of the genus Phylloicus for plant material from two different biomes (Cerrado and Mata Atlântica), after conditioning in a stream of Mata Atlântica and observing their physical and chemical characteristics. Senescent leaves were collected, monthly from the litterfall of riparian vegetation in a 500 m stretch of a stream in each biome from August 2014 to January 201. The most abundant species in each stream was selected for the experiment. The experimental design consisted in with two treatments. The first (T1) comprised leaf discs from Chrysophyllum oliviforme (Cerrado species) together with leaf discs of Miconia chartacea (Atlantic Forest species) which were conditioned in the Atlantic Forest stream. The second treatment (T2) involved leaf discs of Miconia chartacea conditioned in Mata Altlântica and Cerrado streams. Both tests had showed significant differences between the two treatments (T1 and T2). For T1, there was consumption of M. chartacea leaf discs by Phylloicus sp., but there was no consumption of C. oliviforme discs. For T2, there was preference for M. chartaceae leaves conditioned in a stream of Mata Atlântica than in Cerrado stream. The results showed that Phylloicus sp., had presented preference for food detritus of the Mata Antlântica biome and rejection to the one from Cerrado biome.

Resumo Macroinvertebrados fragmentadores consomem folhas preferencialmente condicionadas por fungos e bactérias que lhes oferece uma maior palatabilidade. Nas espécies do cerrado esse condicionamento está também associado às altas concentrações de elementos químicos limitantes à palatabilidade como alto teor de lignina e celulose, que tornam as folhas menos atrativas para os fragmentadores. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a preferência alimentar de macroinvertebrados fragmentador ( Phylloicus sp.) por material vegetal de dois diferentes biomas (Cerrado e Mata Atlântica), após condicionamento em riacho de Mata Atlântica, observando suas características físicas e químicas. Foram coletadas folhas senescentes do aporte vegetal (AV) de espécies nativas da vegetação ripária nesses dois biomas, com periodicidade mensal em um trecho de 500 m de um córrego em cada bioma. O experimento foi delineado com dois tratamentos. O primeiro (T1) compreendeu discos de folhas do Cerrado (Chrysophyllum oliviforme) mais discos de folhas da Mata Atlântica (Miconia chartacea) que foram condicionadas em córrego de Mata Atlântica. O segundo tratamento (T2) envolveu discos de folhas da Mata Atlântica condicionadas em córrego da Mata Atlântica mais discos de folhas da Mata Atlântica condicionadas em córrego do Cerrado. Os dois testes apontaram diferenças significativas entre os dois tratamentos (T1 e T2). Para T1 houve consumo de discos de folha de M. chartacea por Phylloicus sp, mas não houve consumo dos discos de C. oliviforme , de Cerrado. Para T2, houve o consumo, porém a preferência pelas folhas de M. chartaceae condicionadas no córrego da Mata Atlantica foi consideravelmete maior. Os resultados apontam que Phylloicus sp, apresentou preferência alimentar pelo detrito de bioma de Mata Atlântica e rejeição pelo detrito do bioma Cerrado.

Feeding preference of the shredder Phylloicus sp. for plant leaves of Chrysophyllum oliviforme or Miconia chartacea after conditioning in streams from different biomes.

Macroinvertebrate shredders consume preferably leaves conditioned by fungi and bacteria which offer greater palatability to them. Plant species in Cerrado present high concentration of chemical elements such as lignin and cellulose, phenols and tanins thus making them less attractive for shredders consumption and limiting the palatability. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding preference of a macroinvertebrate shredder of the genus Phylloicus for plant material from two different biomes (Cerrado and Mata Atlântica), after conditioning in a stream of Mata Atlântica and observing their physical and chemical characteristics. Senescent leaves were collected, monthly from the litterfall of riparian vegetation in a 500 m stretch of a stream in each biome from August 2014 to January 201. The most abundant species in each stream was selected for the experiment. The experimental design consisted in with two treatments. The first (T1) comprised leaf discs from Chrysophyllum oliviforme (Cerrado species) together with leaf discs of Miconia chartacea (Atlantic Forest species) which were conditioned in the Atlantic Forest stream. The second treatment (T2) involved leaf discs of Miconia chartacea conditioned in Mata Altlântica and Cerrado streams. Both tests had showed significant differences between the two treatments (T1 and T2). For T1, there was consumption of M. chartacea leaf discs by Phylloicus sp., but there was no consumption of C. oliviforme discs. For T2, there was preference for M. chartaceae leaves conditioned in a stream of Mata Atlântica than in Cerrado stream. The results showed that Phylloicus sp., had presented preference for food detritus of the Mata Antlântica biome and rejection to the one from Cerrado biome.

RAPADILINO syndrome.

We report on a boy with severe radial hypoplasia, absent thumbs and patellae, short stature, persistent diarrhea, slender nose and normal intelligence as another example of the RAPADILINO syndrome.

Short stature, brachydactyly, and Peters' anomaly (Peters'-plus syndrome): confirmation of autosomal recessive inheritance.

Two sibs with a phenotype characterised by short stature, brachydactyly, and ocular anomalies (Peters' anomaly) are reported (Peters'-plus syndrome). The consanguinity is in agreement with the proposed autosomal recessive inheritance.

Pure 4p trisomy due to a de novo 4q;22p dicentric translocated chromosome karyotype 46,XX,-22,+t(4;22)(q1200;p13).

A de novo t(4;22)(q1200;p13) is reported in a girl with a florid 4p trisomy phenotype. The abnormal chromosome was identified by high resolution, C-bands and confirmed by 5-BrdU as de novo dicentric translocated chromosome.

"Pure" partial trisomy 3p due to the malsegregation of a balanced maternal translocation t (X;3) (p22.3;p21).

The authors present the clinical and cytogenetic studies of a white malformed baby with dup (3p) secondary to the malsegregation of a maternal balanced (X;3) (p22.3;p21) translocation. Besides the typical clinical features he also presented polydactyly of both hands. X-replication findings of the mother's lymphocytes did not strictly follow the usual inactivation pattern of balanced X;A translocations.

Interstitial deletion of (17)(p11.2). A microdeletion syndrome. Another example.

Another example of del (17)(p11.2) in a 3-year-old boy with psychomotor retardation, broad face, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and behavioural anomalies was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by prometaphase analysis. It seems that this new microdeletion syndrome may not be so rare.

Combined cytogenetic techniques and non-fluorescent Y. Cytologic evidences of dic(Yp)(q11) in a previously interpreted 46,X,Yq-.

mos 45,X/46,X,Y with no bright fluorescence was studied in 4 patients presenting variable phenotypes, from Turner's syndrome, with or without virilization, to ambiguous external genitalia, with combined cytogenetic techniques. G-11 staining demonstrated, in all cases, that the abnormal Y was a dic(Yp). Considerations about the possibility that some of the 46,X,Yq-males attending infertility clinics may be examples of dic(Yp) are made.

G-11 staining in Turner's syndrome with mos 45,X/46,X,r(?).

Mos 45,X/46,X,r(?) in 4 patients with Turner's syndrome and no signs of virilization, and in one pair of monozygotic twins, one of them with clitoral hypertrophy, was studied using combined cytogenetic techniques and specially G-11 staining for the characterization of the X or Y origin of the rings. In all 6 patients the ring was G-11 positive, attesting its Y origin. Both twins were operated and bilateral streak gonads with a bilateral nodule of testicular tissue were found. Similar small rings were also studied in one patient with mos 46,XX/46,X,r(X) and in one nonvirilized Turner's syndrome patient with a larger ring; in these two cases the ring was G-11 negative. It seems that the small rings occasionally found in Turner's syndrome are more frequently from Y origin and therefore prophylactic gonadectomy should be considered.

Monozygotic twins with Turner's syndrome and mos 45,X/46,X,r,(Y).

A pair of monozygotic twins with Turner's syndrome was studied using combined cytogenetic techniques and a mos 45,X/46,X,r(Y) was demonstrated in both. One of the twins presented clitoral hypertrophy. Surgery was performed and uterus, bilateral Fallopian tubes, bilateral epididymis and bilateral streak gonads with a small nodule of testicular tissue containing numerous seminiferous tubules were found in both.