Sugarcane: an unexpected habitat for black yeasts in Chaetothyriales.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum, Poaceae) is cultivated on a large scale in (sub)tropical regions such as Brazil and has considerable economic value for sugar and biofuel production. The plant is a rich substrate for endo- and epiphytic fungi. Black yeasts in the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales) are colonizers of human-dominated habitats, particularly those rich in toxins and hydrocarbon pollutants, and may cause severe infections in susceptible human hosts. The present study assessed the diversity of Herpotrichiellaceae associated with sugarcane, using in silico identification and selective isolation. Using metagenomics, we identified 5833 fungal sequences, while 639 black yeast-like isolates were recovered in vitro. In both strategies, the latter fungi were identified as members of the genera Cladophialophora, Exophiala, and Rhinocladiella (Herpotrichiellaceae), Cyphellophora (Cyphellophoraceae), and Knufia (Trichomeriaceae). In addition, we discovered new species of Cladophialophora and Exophiala from sugarcane and its rhizosphere. The first environmental isolation of Cladophialophora bantiana is particularly noteworthy, because this species up to now is exclusively known from the human host where it mostly causes fatal brain disease in otherwise healthy patients.

Normative data for hip strength, flexibility and stiffness in male soccer athletes and effect of age and limb dominance.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to establish normative data for hip strength, flexibility, and stiffness in male soccer athletes and to investigate the effect of age and limb dominance on these variables. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Soccer team physical therapy department. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 293 asymptomatic male soccer athletes were assessed. Elite youth players aged 15-17 years and professional adult players aged 18-29 years old. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rectus femoris, iliopsoas, hamstring muscle flexibility, passive hip stiffness, and isometric hip strength were measured using a goniometer, inclinometer, and handheld dynamometer, respectively. Descriptive and mixed analyses of variance were used as statistical procedures. RESULTS: The dominant limb had lower iliopsoas (P = 0.010) and rectus femoris (P = 0.003) flexibility and higher external rotators torque compared to the non-dominant limb (P = 0.006) in both age groups. In adult athletes, the dominant limb had lower hip stiffness than the non-dominant limb (P = 0.002). Adults had higher hip external rotator torque than younger athletes (P < 0.0001). No differences were observed for hamstrings flexibility and hip extensors torque. CONCLUSION: This study provided normative data of hip strength, flexibility, and stiffness for youth and adult male soccer athletes. In addition, there were no clinically relevant inter-limb differences.

Sports injuries profile of a first division Brazilian soccer team: a descriptive cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the injury profile of soccer players from a first division Brazilian soccer team. In addition, we investigated the association between the characteristics of the injuries and the player's age and position. METHOD: Forty-eight players from a Brazilian first division soccer team were followed during one season. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the injury profile. Spearman's tests were used to verify the association between the number and severity of injuries and the player's age. Chi-square test was used to verify the association between type of injury and player's position. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the association between the severity of injuries and player's position. RESULTS: The incidence of injuries was 42.84/1000 hours in matches and 2.40/1000 hours in training. The injury severity was 19.5±34.4 days off competition or training. Lower limb was the most common location of injury and most injuries were muscular/tendinous, overuse, non-recurrent, and non-contact injuries. Player's age correlated with the amount and severity of muscle and tendon injuries. Defenders had more minimal injuries (1-3 days lost), while forwards had more moderate (8-28 days lost) and severe injuries (>28 days lost). Furthermore, wingbacks had more muscle and tendon injuries, while midfielders had more joint and ligament injuries. CONCLUSION: The injury profile of the Brazilian players investigated in this study reflected regional differences in soccer practices. Results confirm the influence of the player's age and position on the soccer injuries profile.

Sports injuries profile of a first division Brazilian soccer team: a descriptive cohort study

ABSTRACTObjective:To establish the injury profile of soccer players from a first division Brazilian soccer team. In addition, we investigated the association between the characteristics of the injuries and the player's age and position.Method: Forty-eight players from a Brazilian first division soccer team were followed during one season. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the injury profile. Spearman's tests were used to verify the association between the number and severity of injuries and the player's age. Chi-square test was used to verify the association between type of injury and player's position. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the association between the severity of injuries and player's position.Results: The incidence of injuries was 42.84/1000 hours in matches and 2.40/1000 hours in training. The injury severity was 19.5±34.4 days off competition or training. Lower limb was the most common location of injury and most injuries were muscular/tendinous, overuse, non-recurrent, and non-contact injuries. Player's age correlated with the amount and severity of muscle and tendon injuries. Defenders had more minimal injuries (1-3 days lost), while forwards had more moderate (8-28 days lost) and severe injuries (>28 days lost). Furthermore, wingbacks had more muscle and tendon injuries, while midfielders had more joint and ligament injuries.Conclusion: The injury profile of the Brazilian players investigated in this study reflected regional differences in soccer practices. Results confirm the influence of the player's age and position on the soccer injuries profile.

Ensaio clínico com o propofol - Diprivan / Clinical assays with propofoll - Diprivan

O propofol (diisoprofpilfenol) é um novo anestésico endovenoso. Este ensaio teve por objetivo estudar as possíveis alteraçöes hemodinâmicas produzidas pelo propofol, bem como o tempo de perda da consciência, tempo de hipnose e tempo de orientaçäo. Os resultados mostraram que o propofol produz induçäo rápida e suave, e que as alteraçöes da P/A.S., P.A.D. situaram-se a uma queda em torno de 20% dos valores iniciais, con nítida recuperaçäo já aos 10 min. Praticamente näo ocorreu variaçäo da F.C. Dos efeitos colaterais, merece destaque a apnéia transitória ocorrida em 50% dos casos, mas que reverteu espontaneamente sem a necessidade de suporte ventilatório

Estudo multicêntrico aberto, näo comparativo, com etomidato em procedimentos cirúrgicos de curta duraçäo / Open multicenter study, non-comparative, with etomidate in short-term surgical procedures

Realizou-se um estudo multicêntrico em 155 pacientes de ambos os sexos, ASA 1, 2, e 3, submetidos a anestesia venosa com etomidato (0,3 mg.k-1) para procedimentos cirúrgicos de curta duraçäo. Foram administrados, como medicaçäo pré-anestésica, 10 minutos antes da induçäo, 100 micron-grama de fentanil por via venosa. Ao final do procedimento anestésico, verificou-se aumento das pressöes sistólica e diastólica, enquanto que a freqüência cardíaca manteve-se estável. A freqüência respiratória apresentou aumento, porém sem significado clínico. Em 113 pacientes (72,9%) houve necessidade de se administrar doses complementares da droga. O tempo médio de perda da consciência foi de 48 + ou - 22s do início da injeçäo. O tempo de recuperaçäo da consciência foi de 8,26 + ou - 5,16 min. A média do tempo para possível alta hospitalar foi de 61,7 + ou - 30,5 min. Com relaçäo aos efeitos secundários observou-se que em 15 (9,7%) pacientes houve dor no local da injeçäo, em 79 (51%) surgiram mioclonias, na maioria das vezes de grau leve, e em 36 (23,2%) pacientes ocorreu ereçäo pilosa. Concluíram ser o etomidato uma droga adequada para uso venoso em procedimentos de curta duraçäo