ABSTRACT
In Brazil, the excess of interventions that anticipate childbirth, such as cesarean sections and labor inductions, has resulted in the shortening of pregnancy, with negative consequences on maternal-infant outcomes. This commentary presents a novel way to measure gestational age: the continuous variable "Potential pregnancy days lost." Using data from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), we counted the missing days between the period until childbirth and the average duration of pregnancy (280 days), or the lost weeks. This measure can be used as an outcome variable (socioeconomic-demographic characteristics of the mother, type of childbirth, financing, etc.) or exposure variable (for neonatal, infant, and maternal outcomes). The indicator can be used in municipal and national cohorts and intervention studies to analyze hospitals and regions. We discuss the limits and scope of gestational age measures and, given their inaccuracies, the importance of studying their trends.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric , Labor, Induced , Brazil , Cesarean Section , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , PregnancyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In Brazil, the excess of interventions that anticipate childbirth, such as cesarean sections and labor inductions, has resulted in the shortening of pregnancy, with negative consequences on maternal-infant outcomes. This commentary presents a novel way to measure gestational age: the continuous variable "Potential pregnancy days lost." Using data from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), we counted the missing days between the period until childbirth and the average duration of pregnancy (280 days), or the lost weeks. This measure can be used as an outcome variable (socioeconomic-demographic characteristics of the mother, type of childbirth, financing, etc.) or exposure variable (for neonatal, infant, and maternal outcomes). The indicator can be used in municipal and national cohorts and intervention studies to analyze hospitals and regions. We discuss the limits and scope of gestational age measures and, given their inaccuracies, the importance of studying their trends.
RESUMO No Brasil, o excesso de intervenções que antecipam o parto, como cesarianas e induções, tem resultado no encurtamento da gestação, com consequências negativas nos desfechos materno-infantis. Neste comentário apresentamos uma medida inovadora da idade gestacional que estamos desenvolvendo: a variável contínua "dias potenciais de gravidez perdidos". Utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos, contamos, quando possível, os dias faltantes entre o período até o nascimento e a duração média da gestação (280 dias), ou então as semanas perdidas. Essa medida pode ser usada como variável desfecho (de características socioeconômico-demográficos da mãe, do tipo de parto, de financiamento etc.) ou de exposição (para desfechos neonatais, infantis e maternos). O indicador pode ser usado em coortes municipais e nacionais e em estudos de intervenção, para analisar hospitais e territórios. Discutimos os limites e alcances das medidas de idade gestacional e, diante de suas imprecisões, a importância de estudar suas tendências.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant , Delivery, Obstetric , Labor, Induced , Brazil , Cesarean Section , Gestational AgeABSTRACT
Objective.The aim of this study was to describe the experiences lived by the pregnant woman on the decision-making process about the time to go to the hospital, to ask for childbirth care. Methods. The narrative analysis was the research method. The thematic analysis of the narratives was performed and the descriptive categories (DCs) were validated by study participants. Results. Two DCs to reveal the collective experience: "Receiving guidance, social support and making choices: planning the going to the hospital" and "Between the planned and the unpredictable: decision process about the time to go to the hospital". Conclusion. The decision-making process of women is reasoned especially on the social support network, and also on the advises received from healthcare providers. The professionals involved in prenatal care should develop actions considering the pregnant women's social context, and the family members should be integrated in the provision of prenatal care. The adoption of these measures is essential for the improvement of the quality of care.
Objetivo.Describir las experiencias vividas por la mujer embarazada en el proceso de toma de decisiones sobre el momento de salir de casa en busca de asistencia para el parto. Métodos. El análisis de la narrativa se utilizó como método de estudio. Se realizó el análisis temático de las narraciones, la preparación de categorías descriptivas (CD) y la validación de las categorías con las participantes. Resultados. Los resultados generados fueron dos CD: "Recibiendo orientaciones, apoyo social y tomando decisiones: la planeación para ir al hospital"; y "Entre lo planeado y lo impredecible: el proceso decisorio sobre cuándo ir al hospital". Conclusión. El proceso decisorio de las mujeres se basa en la red de apoyo social y las directrices recibidas de los profesionales de la salud. Los profesionales que trabajan en la atención prenatal deben desarrollar acciones de acuerdo con el contexto social de la embarazada, integrando a la familia en la atención, lo que es fundamental para la asistencia de calidad.
Objetivo.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever as experiências vivenciadas pela gestante relativas ao processo decisório sobre o momento de ir ao hospital em busca de assistência ao parto. Métodos. O método de estudo foi a análise da narrativa. Foi realizada a análise temática das narrativas, a elaboração de categorias descritivas (CD) e a validação das categorias com as participantes. Resultados. Os resultados gerados foram duas CD: "Recebendo orientações, suporte social e fazendo escolhas: o planejamento da ida para o hospital" e "Entre o planejado e o imprevisível: o processo decisório sobre o momento de ir para o hospital". Conclusão. O processo decisório das mulheres é fundamentado na rede de suporte social e nas orientações recebidas de profissionais de saúde. Os profissionais atuantes no pré-natal devem desenvolver ações mediante consideração do contexto social das gestantes e integração da família no atendimento, o que é fundamental para a assistência de qualidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Prenatal Care , Women's Health Services , Obstetric NursingABSTRACT
The implementation of a new birthing facility in a country such as Brazil requires an extensive in-depth analysis of the challenges faced. The aim of this study was to explore beliefs, values, experiences, and practices related to the provision of birthing and neonatal care with the implementation of a new birth care facility structure called alongside midwifery units in Brazil. The study utilizes an ethnographic method to evaluate members of a Brazilian public hospital's midwifery unit. The ethnographic study focuses on the cultural theme of "between the proposed and the possible": the following birthing care guidelines require overcoming numerous obstacles, and four other cultural subthemes toward revealing the analyzed birth care team's perspectives. The study found that prior training and preparation of all members of the care team, as well as the provision of adequate institutional infrastructure are essential for the implementation of a new and innovative birthing care center.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gestational age (GA) at birth is the main predictor of newborn health, and spontaneous birth occurs around 40 weeks. In Brazil there is a populational reduction of the GA (left shift), presently around 39 weeks OBJECTIVE: To analyze the left shift of gestational age (LDGA) in São Paulo City (SP) and in Southeastern Brazil, and associated factors METHODS: Epidemiological descriptive study of LDGA in SP (data from Live birth information system, SINASC) and in Southeastern Brazil (data from "Birth in Brazil Survey"). Differences in GA were estimated, by type of birth (vaginal or cesarean) and payment source (public or private), using GA distribution curves in weeks RESULTS: In SP, the peak of the curve for GA for vaginal births was 39 weeks, while for cesarean was 38 weeks. Most vaginal births were full term (39-40(6/7)) while most cesarean were early term (37-38(6/7)). In the private sector, there were more caesarean sections and lower GA at birth, with more preterm newborns and 60.4% being born early term, while in the public sector, 58.7% of births were full term, and a much higher proportion reaching 40 weeks CONCLUSIONS: Babies born by cesarean and in the private sector lost one additional gestational week. There was an inversion in the expected disparity, with well-off women achieving poorer outcomes compared to the disadvantaged mothers. The use of continuous variables to estimate the IG (in days or weeks of pregnancy lost) can contribute to a better understanding of the Brazilian perinatal paradox.
INTRODUÇÃO: A idade gestacional (IG) ao nascimento é o principal preditor da saúde neonatal. Observa-se no Brasil uma redução da IG populacional (desvio à esquerda OBJETIVO: Analisar o desvio à esquerda da Idade Gestacional (DEIG) no Município de São Paulo (MSP) e na Região Sudeste do Brasil (RSB MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo do desvio à esquerda da IG no MSP (dados do SINASC para 2012) e na RSB (dados da pesquisa "Nascer no Brasil" 2011-12). Verificou-se a diferença na duração da gravidez segundo tipo de nascimento (vaginal ou cesárea) e forma de pagamento (público e privado) com base nas curvas de distribuição da IG em semanas RESULTADOS: No MSP, nos partos vaginais o pico da IG está em 39 semanas, enquanto nas cesáreas está em 38 semanas, com DEIG de uma semana. A maioria dos partos vaginais ocorre no termo pleno (39-40(6/7)), enquanto a maioria das cesarianas ocorrem no termo precoce (37-38(6/7)). Na Região Sudeste, 52,9% dos nascimentos ocorreram no termo pleno. No sistema privado, houve mais cesáreas e menor IG com 60,4% nascendo no termo precoce, enquanto no público, 58,7% ocorreram no termo pleno CONCLUSÃO: Há um desvio à esquerda da IG de uma semana para os nascidos por cesárea no setor privado. Há uma inversão na disparidade esperada, com as mulheres de maior renda e escolaridade apresentando desfechos inferiores aos das mais pobres. O uso de variáveis contínuas (em dias ou semanas de gravidez perdidos) na estimativa da IG pode contribuir para a melhor compreensão do paradoxo perinatal brasileiro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Premature , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section , Women's Health , Gestational Age , Perinatal Care , MidwiferyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the reasons why pregnant women do not seek prenatal care (PNC). METHODOLOGY: The ethnographic method was used in a low-income Brazilian community. Ethnographic interviews were performed with 11 postpartum women who did not seek PNC in their last pregnancy. RESULTS: The cultural sub-themes used to express reasons for not seeking PNC included: "I found out I was pregnant too late and did not have enough time to receive PNC," "I did not receive PNC because I had to hide the pregnancy to avoid problems," "I had to address urgent issues and could not seek PNC," "The services are not good and going to the doctor when not ill is only for rich people," and cultural theme: "PNC is not worth pursuing: it is unnecessary and there are too many obstacles to receiving it." CONCLUSION: The main strategies that should be considered to increase adherence to PNC are better access and integrality through the use of adequate management criteria.
Subject(s)
Health Services Accessibility , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Poverty , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Anthropology, Cultural , Brazil , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Pregnancy , Pregnant Women/psychology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Birthing Centers , Hospital Units , Midwifery , Adolescent , Adult , Continuity of Patient Care , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Patient Preference , Pregnancy , Qualitative Research , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the reasons why pregnant women do not seek prenatal care (PNC). Methodology. The ethnographic method was used in a low-income Brazilian community. Ethnographic interviews were performed with 11 postpartum women who did not seek PNC in their last pregnancy. Results. The cultural sub-themes used to express reasons for not seeking PNC included: "I found out I was pregnant too late and did not have enough time to receive PNC," "I did not receive PNC because I had to hide the pregnancy to avoid problems," "I had to address urgent issues and could not seek PNC," "The services are not good and going to the doctor when not ill is only for rich people," and cultural theme: "PNC is not worth pursuing: it is unnecessary and there are too many obstacles to receiving it." Conclusion. The main strategies that should be considered to increase adherence to PNC are better access and integrality through the use of adequate management criteria.
Objetivo. Explorar las razones por que las mujeres gestantes no buscaron asistencia prenatal. Metodología. Se empleó el método etnográfico en una comunidad de bajos recursos en el Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas etnográficas a 11 puérperas que no buscaron asistencia prenatal en la última gravidez. Resultados. Las razones para no buscar la atención prenatal fueron: me di cuenta del embarazo muy tarde y no dio tempo de hacer prenatal; no hice prenatal porque tuve que esconder el embarazo para evitar problemas; tuve que resolver problemas urgentes y no pude hacer prenatal; el servicio no es bueno e ir al médico sin estar enfermo es sólo para los ricos; y: "no vale la pena hacer prenatal: esta asistencia no es esencial y hay muchos obstáculos que enfrentar". Conclusión. La importancia de la facilidad de acceso y la integridad de la atención prenatal, desarrollada a través de los principios de buena gestión, son los principales aspectos a considerar en la promoción de la adhesión a la atención prenatal.
Objetivo. Explorar as razões para as mulheres grávidas não procurarem assistência pré-natal. Metodologia. O método etnográfico foi desenvolvido em uma comunidade de baixa renda no Brasil. Entrevistas etnográficas foram desenvolvidas com 11 puérperas que não procuraram assistência pré-natal na última gravidez. Resultados. As razões para a não busca pela assistência pré-natal foram: Percebi a gravidez muito tarde e não deu mais tempo para fazer pré-natal; Não fiz pré-natal porque tive que esconder a gravidez para evitar problemas; Tive que resolver problemas urgentes e não pude fazer pré-natal; O atendimento não é bom e ir ao médico sem estar doente é só para ricos; e "Não vale a pena fazer pré-natal: esta assistência não é essencial e há muitos obstáculos a enfrentar". Conclusão. A importância da facilidade de acesso e da integralidade da assistência pré-natal, desenvolvida por meio de princípios de boa gestão, são os principais aspectos a considerar na promoção da aderência à assistência pré-natal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology, Cultural , Prenatal Care , Pregnancy , PovertyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective is to identify the factors that influence the experiences and daily life attitudes of women with severe mental disorders (SMD). METHOD: A search for studies published from 2000 to 2014 was conducted in electronic databases. All relevant primary studies were screened using integrative methods. Findings were synthesized thereafter. RESULTS: Fifteen articles were included. A total of 21 factors were identified as being associated with experiences and daily life attitudes of women with SMD. These factors consisted of the following five categories: strengths and limitations regarding self-care behavior and healthcare delivery, unmet healthcare needs, psychosocial vulnerabilities underlying SMD, gains and challenges of motherhood, and adoption of coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare providers can greatly contribute to improving the quality of healthcare for women with SMD, but several barriers need to be overcome.
