Nanorefractive index transducer using a ring cavity with an internal h-shaped cavity grounded on Fano resonance.

Building on the Fano resonance observation, a new refractive index transducer structure at the nanoscale is proposed in this article, which is a refractive index transducer consisting of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure coupled with a ring cavity internally connected to an h-shaped structure (RCIhS). Using an analytical method based on COMSOL software and finite element method (FEM), the effect of different geometric parameters of the structure on the trans-mission characteristics of the system is simulated and analyzed, which in turn illustrates the effect of the structural parameters on the output Fano curves. As simulation results show, the internally connected h-shaped structure is an influential component in the Fano resonance. By optimizing the geometrical parameters of the structure, the system finally accomplishes a sensitivity (S) of 2400 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 68.57. The sensor has also been demonstrated in the realm of temperature detection, having tremendous potential for utilization in future nano-sensing and optically integrated systems.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on early postoperative pain and recovery: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Previous studies have indicated beneficial outcomes of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), but high-quality and comprehensive meta-analyses are lacking. The aim was to quantitatively analyze the efficacy and safety of perioperative TEAS on postoperative pain and recovery. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through July 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the perioperative application of TEAS in adults compared with sham-TEAS and/or non-TEAS were eligible. Cumulative analgesic consumption within 24 h and rest pain scores at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively were the two co-primary outcomes. Results: Seventy-six RCTs (n = 9,665 patients) were included. Patients treated with TEAS experienced a reduction in clinical importance in cumulative analgesic (morphine equivalent) consumption (WMD: -14.60 mg, 97.5% CI: -23.60 to -5.60; p < 0.001) and a reduction in statistical importance in rest pain scores at multiple time points within the first 24 postoperative hours. The secondary outcome analysis also identified clinically significant recovery benefits to TEAS during the first 24 h after surgery. Furthermore, TEAS could effectively reduce opioid-related side effects and did not increase serious side effects. Conclusion: This article describes current evidence about TEAS intervention on early postoperative pain and recovery. The results support the effectiveness of TEAS, but more high-quality evidence of clinical applicability is also needed. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021249814).

Saliva­microbiome­derived signatures: expected to become a potential biomarker for pulmonary nodules (MCEPN-1).

BACKGROUND: Oral microbiota imbalance is associated with the progression of various lung diseases, including lung cancer. Pulmonary nodules (PNs) are often considered a critical stage for the early detection of lung cancer; however, the relationship between oral microbiota and PNs remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a 'Microbiome with pulmonary nodule series study 1' (MCEPN-1) where we compared PN patients and healthy controls (HCs), aiming to identify differences in oral microbiota characteristics and discover potential microbiota biomarkers for non-invasive, radiation-free PNs diagnosis and warning in the future. We performed 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing on saliva samples from 173 PN patients and 40 HCs to compare the characteristics and functional changes in oral microbiota between the two groups. The random forest algorithm was used to identify PN salivary microbial markers. Biological functions and potential mechanisms of differential genes in saliva samples were preliminarily explored using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) analyses. RESULTS: The diversity of salivary microorganisms was higher in the PN group than in the HC group. Significant differences were noted in community composition and abundance of oral microorganisms between the two groups. Neisseria, Prevotella, Haemophilus and Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, 7M7x, Granulicatella and Selenomonas were the main differential genera between the PN and HC groups. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Haemophilus constituted the optimal marker sets (area under curve, AUC = 0.80), which can distinguish between patients with PNs and HCs. Further, the salivary microbiota composition was significantly correlated with age, sex, and smoking history (P < 0.001), but not with personal history of cancer (P > 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis of differential genes showed that patients with PN showed significant enrichment in protein/molecular functions related to immune deficiency and energy metabolisms, such as the cytoskeleton protein RodZ, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase (NADPH) dehydrogenase, major facilitator superfamily transporters and AraC family transcription regulators. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first evidence that the salivary microbiota can serve as potential biomarkers for identifying PN. We observed a significant association between changes in the oral microbiota and PNs, indicating the potential of salivary microbiota as a new non-invasive biomarker for PNs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2200062140; Date of registration: 07/25/2022.

Contrasting effects of music therapy and aromatherapy on perioperative anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Music therapy and aromatherapy have been demonstrated effective for perioperative anxiety. However, the available studies have indicated discordant results about which adjunct treatment is better for perioperative anxiety. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the contrasting effects between them. METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched for clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of music therapy compared with aromatherapy in alleviating perioperative anxiety. The primary outcome was the postintervention anxiety level. Secondary outcomes included differences in blood pressure and heart rate before and after the intervention as well as pain scores at intraoperative and postoperative time points. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021249737). RESULTS: Twelve studies (894 patients) were included. The anxiety level showed no statistically significant difference (SMD, 0.28; 95% CI: -0.12, 0.68; P =.17). The analysis of blood pressure and heart rate also did not identify statistically significant differences. Notably, the pain scores at the intraoperative time point suggested that aromatherapy was superior to music therapy (WMD, 0.29 cm; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.52; P =.02), while those at 4 hours after surgery indicated the opposite results (WMD, -0.48 cm; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.36; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Low-to-moderate quality evidence suggests that music therapy and aromatherapy have similar potential to relieve perioperative anxiety. The potential data indicates that the two therapies have different benefits in intervention duration and age distribution. More direct high-quality comparisons are encouraged in the future to verify this point.

Realization of sextuple polarization states and interstate switching in antiferroelectric CuInP2S6.

Realization of higher-order multistates with mutual interstate switching in ferroelectric materials is a perpetual drive for high-density storage devices and beyond-Moore technologies. Here we demonstrate experimentally that antiferroelectric van der Waals CuInP2S6 films can be controllably stabilized into double, quadruple, and sextuple polarization states, and a system harboring polarization order of six is also reversibly tunable into order of four or two. Furthermore, for a given polarization order, mutual interstate switching can be achieved via moderate electric field modulation. First-principles studies of CuInP2S6 multilayers help to reveal that the double, quadruple, and sextuple states are attributable to the existence of respective single, double, and triple ferroelectric domains with antiferroelectric interdomain coupling and Cu ion migration. These findings offer appealing platforms for developing multistate ferroelectric devices, while the underlining mechanism is transformative to other non-volatile material systems.

Multiple roles of baicalin and baicalein in the regulation of colorectal cancer.

The prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide, and despite advances in treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains in the top three for mortality due to several issues, including drug resistance and low efficiency. There is increasing evidence that baicalin and baicalein, novel small molecule inhibitor extracts of the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, have better anti-colorectal cancer effects and are less likely to induce drug resistance in cancer cells. The present review article explains the anti-proliferative properties of baicalin and baicalein in the context of against CRC. Additionally, it explores the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds modulate diverse signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, this review article highlights the inhibitory effect of colorectal inflammatory-cancer transformation and the near-term therapeutic strategy of using them as adjuvant agents in chemotherapy.

Pressure-cycling induced transition behaviors of MnBi2Te4.

MnBi2Te4 can generate a variety of exotic topological quantum states, which are closely related to its special structure. We conduct comprehensive multiple-cycle high-pressure research on MnBi2Te4 by using a diamond anvil cell to study its phase transition behaviors under high pressure. As observed, when the pressure does not exceed 15 GPa, the material undergoes an irreversible metal-semiconductor-metal transition, whereas when the pressure exceeds 17 GPa, the layered structure is damaged and becomes irreversibly amorphous due to the lattice distortion caused by compression, but it is not completely amorphous, which presents some nano-sized grains after decompression. Our investigation vividly reveals the phase transition behaviors of MnBi2Te4 under high pressure cycling and paves the experimental way to find topological phases under high pressure.

A Bifunctional Optoelectronic Device for Photodetection and Photoluminescence Switching Based on Graphene/ZnTe/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures.

Controlling the dynamic processes, such as generation, separation, transport, and recombination, of photoexcited carriers in a semiconductor is foundational in the design of various devices for optoelectronic applications. One may imagine that if different processes can be manipulated in one single device and thus generate useful signals, a multifunctional device can be realized, and the toolbox for integrated optoelectronics will be expanded. Here, we revealed that in a graphene/ZnTe/graphene van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, the carriers can be generated by illumination from visible to infrared frequencies, and thus, the detected spectrum range extends to the communication band, well beyond the band gap of ZnTe (2.26 eV). More importantly, we are able to control the competition between separation and recombination of the photoexcited carriers by an electric bias along the thickness-defined channel of the ZnTe flake: as the bias increases, the photodetecting performance, e.g. response speed and photocurrent, are improved due to the efficient separation of carriers; synchronously, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreases and even switches off due to the suppressed recombination process. The ZnTe-based vdW heterostructure device thus integrates both photodetection and PL switching functions by manipulating the generation, separation, transport, and recombination of carriers, which may inspire the design of the next generation of miniaturized optoelectronic devices based on the vdW heterostructures made by various thin flakes.

Mechanisms underlying the effects, and clinical applications, of oral microbiota in lung cancer: current challenges and prospects.

The oral cavity contains a site-specific microbiota that interacts with host cells to regulate many physiological processes in the human body. Emerging evidence has suggested that changes in the oral microbiota can increase the risk of lung cancer (LC), and the oral microbiota is also altered in patients with LC. Human and animal studies have shown that oral microecological disorders and/or specific oral bacteria may play an active role in the occurrence and development of LC through direct and/or indirect mechanisms. These studies support the potential of oral microbiota in the clinical treatment of LC. Oral microbiota may therefore be used in the prevention and treatment of LC and to improve the side effects of anticancer therapy by regulating the balance of the oral microbiome. Specific oral microbiota in LC may also be used as screening or predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes the main findings in research on oral microbiome-related LC and discusses current challenges and future research directions.

Does the last 20 years paradigm of clinical research using volatile organic compounds to non-invasively diagnose cancer need to change? Challenges and future direction.

PURPOSE: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown great potential as novel biomarkers for cancer detection; however, comprehensive quantitative analysis is lacking. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of non-invasive cancer diagnosis using VOCs to better characterise international trends and to predict future hotspots in this field, and then we focussed on human studies to analyse clinical characteristics for presenting the current controversies and future perspectives of further clinical work. METHODS: Publications, from 2002 to 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to generate network maps and identify the annual publications, top countries, authors, institutions, journals, references, and keywords. Then, we further screened clinical trials, and the key information was extracted into Microsoft Excel for further systematical analysis. RESULTS: Six hundred and forty-one articles were identified to evaluate research trends, of which 301 clinical trials were selected for further systematical analysis. Overall, the annual publications in this area increased, with an overall upward trend, while the quality of clinical research remains remarkably uneven. CONCLUSION: The study of non-invasive cancer diagnosis using VOCs would continue to be an active field. However, without stringent clinical design criteria, most suitable acquisition and analysis devices and statistical approaches, a list of exclusive, specific, reliable and reproducible VOCs to identify a disease and these VOCs appearing in a breath at detectable levels at early stage disease, the clinical utility of VOC tests will be difficult to have any breakthroughs.

Patient-derived organoids of lung cancer based on organoids-on-a-chip: enhancing clinical and translational applications.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality due to significant individual characteristics and genetic heterogeneity. Personalized treatment is necessary to improve the overall survival rate of the patients. In recent years, the development of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) enables lung cancer diseases to be simulated in the real world, and closely reflects the pathophysiological characteristics of natural tumor occurrence and metastasis, highlighting their great potential in biomedical applications, translational medicine, and personalized treatment. However, the inherent defects of traditional organoids, such as poor stability, the tumor microenvironment with simple components and low throughput, limit their further clinical transformation and applications. In this review, we summarized the developments and applications of lung cancer PDOs and discussed the limitations of traditional PDOs in clinical transformation. Herein, we looked into the future and proposed that organoids-on-a-chip based on microfluidic technology are advantageous for personalized drug screening. In addition, combined with recent advances in lung cancer research, we explored the translational value and future development direction of organoids-on-a-chip in the precision treatment of lung cancer.

A Meta-Analysis Showing the Quantitative Evidence Base of Preemptive Pregabalin for Postoperative Pain from Cancer-Related Surgery.

Background and Objectives: As an adjunct to postoperative multimodal analgesic regimens, pregabalin has been reported in reducing postoperative acute pain and opioid consumption. However, there is only a small amount of evidence for preemptive pregabalin in patients undergoing cancer-related surgery. This systematic review was conducted to integrate high-quality evidence to evaluate the preemptive analgesic effects of pregabalin in cancer-related surgery. Materials and Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched in a combination of subject terms and free words. Efficacy and safety of preemptive pregabalin on postoperative pain for cancer-related surgery were evaluated by assessing resting and dynamic pain scores postoperatively, cumulative morphine equivalent consumption, time to first analgesic request, hemodynamic parameters, and the safety indicators. Results: Thirteen trials were incorporated for quantitative synthesis. The pooled results showed administration of pregabalin preoperatively is clinically significant for improving resting (weighted mean difference (WMD), -1.53 cm; 95% CI, -2.30 to -0.77) and dynamic (WMD, -1.16 cm; 95% CI, -2.22 to -0.11) pain severity scores at 2 h postoperatively and prolonging time to first analgesic request (WMD, 2.28 h; 95% CI, 0.79 to 3.77) in cancer-related surgery. Preemptive pregabalin was also statistically effective in some other pain indicators but would increase the risk of pregabalin-related side effects after surgery. Conclusions: Our findings do not support the administration of pregabalin in doses larger than 300 mg when put in cancer-related surgery. Taken together, more high-quality research particularly focused on the optimal dosages and timing of pregabalin in cancer-related surgery is needed in the future to establish stronger evidence for therapeutic effects.

Efficacy and Safety of Methylprednisolone for Lung Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

INTRODUCTION: The administration of methylprednisolone (MP) is a component of perioperative multimodal analgesia that mitigates the potentially deleterious effects of postoperative pain and opioid consumption. However, a systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of MP is lacking. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to quantify the potential clinical benefits and risks of perioperative MP in lung surgery. METHODS: We searched seven electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MP with placebo. Coprimary outcomes were rest pain scores, dynamic pain scores, and cumulative morphine equivalent consumption within 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 11 trials including 643 participants were selected for our meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the MP group had a significant difference in coprimary outcomes (rest pain scores, dynamic pain scores, and cumulative morphine equivalent consumption) compared with the placebo group; nevertheless, the improvement was not clinically meaningful based on minimum clinically important differences (MCID). Notably, MP administration reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 at 6 h (weighted mean difference -20.49 pg/mL; 95% CI -29.94 to -11.04), and decreased the incidence rate of acute lung injury (rate ratio 0.18; 95% CI 0.03-0.98) and cognitive dysfunction (rate ratio 0.43; 95% CI 0.21-0.88) compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the administration of MP contributed to an insignificant relief in acute postoperative pain for lung surgery in a clinical setting. Future studies should focus on exploring the role of MP in reducing pulmonary and surgical-related complications after lung surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022314224.

Dexamethasone Does Not Provide Additional Clinical Analgesia Effect to Local Wound Infiltration: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Although the use of dexamethasone as an adjunct agent is associated with alleviating pain and prolonging analgesic duration in local wound infiltration (LWI), efficacy and safety of dexamethasone infiltration have not been fully explored. The study sought to quantify the pooled effects of dexamethasone infiltration on postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and side effects through a review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Approach: RCTs comparing dexamethasone + LWI with LWI alone were retrieved from seven electronic databases. Co-primary outcomes were rest pain scores and cumulative morphine equivalent consumption within 24 h postoperatively. The study followed PRISMA, AMSTAR, and the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Eight trials comprising 609 patients were included in the final analysis. Results indicated that dexamethasone infiltration effects were only statistical but not clinically significant at individual time points of rest pain and patient satisfaction scores. Notably, the effect of dexamethasone infiltration therapy on other pain-related parameters, including cumulative morphine consumption (mean difference, -9.05 mg; 95% CI: -22.47 to 4.37), was not significantly different compared with the control group. Analysis showed no significant differences in safety indicators between the two groups. The overall quality of evidence was high to very low. Innovation: Although statistically significant effects of dexamethasone infiltration were observed for some outcomes of postoperative wound pain, the overall benefits were below the expected minimal clinically important difference. Conclusions: In summary, the current evidence does not support routine clinical use of dexamethasone in LWI. However, further studies should explore the clinical value of preemptive analgesia and safety of a combination of dexamethasone with ropivacaine for LWI.

Efficacy and Safety of Lidocaine Patch in the Management of Acute Postoperative Wound Pain: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: This study sought to quantify the pooled effects of lidocaine patch (LP) on postoperative pain and side effects through a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Approach: The study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), AMSTAR, and the Cochrane Collaboration. Randomized controlled trials comparing LP with placebo were retrieved from five electronic databases. Primary outcome in the study was cumulative intravenous morphine equivalent consumption (mg) within 24 h postoperatively. Results: Twelve trials comprising 617 patients were included in the final analysis. Primary result indicated that the analgesic effects LP were only statistical but not clinically significant of postoperative intravenous morphine consumption within 24 h (mean difference, -4.61 mg; 95% confidence interval, -8.09 to -1.14). Interestingly, the results of subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated that preoperative administration of LP had potential advantages in postoperative wound pain management. It is also worthwhile to mention that LP provided a clinically important benefit in rest pain scores within 24-h postoperatively. Apart from these, other secondary outcome analysis did not uncover any particularly significant analgesic or safety advantages to LP. Finally, LP also does not increase the risk of any local anesthetic-related side effects. Innovation: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides moderate-to-high quality evidence undermining the role of LP for management of acute postoperative wound pain after surgical procedures and the justification for the associated extra costs. Conclusion: Taken together, the current evidence does not support LP as part of a routine multimodal analgesia strategy to alleviate early postoperative acute pain. However, further studies should explore the clinical value of preoperative administration and the long-term effect of LP.

Bioactive components and the molecular mechanism of Shengxian Decoction against lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the active components of Shengxian Decoction (SXT) and to elucidate the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway regulatory mechanisms underlying the efficacy of SXT in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: The effects of SXT extract on proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of human LUAD cells were determined through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, and Transwell assays. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to pinpoint the primary active constituents of SXT. The SXT-active component-target-pathway network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed based on network pharmacology. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using DAVID. The clinical significance of key targets was assessed using several external databases, and molecular docking confirmed the binding affinities between key targets and SXT active components. RESULTS: SXT significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human LUAD cells. HPLC identified and quantified seven active SXT components. Network pharmacology yielded 197 targets, 128 signaling pathways, and 448 GO terms. The PPI network and external validation underscored 13 key targets significantly associated with the influence of SXT on LUAD progression. Molecular docking demonstrated strong interactions between SXT active components and key targets. CONCLUSION: SXT treats LUAD through a multifaceted approach involving various components, targets, and pathways. This research offers novel insights into the constituents and molecular mechanisms of SXT in LUAD therapy.

[Analysis of Salivary Microbiota Characteristics in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules: A Prospective Nonrandomized Concurrent Controlled Trial]. / è‚ºç»“èŠ‚æ‚£è€ å”¾æ¶²å¾®ç”Ÿç‰©èŒç¾¤ç‰¹å¾åˆ†æžï¼šä¸€é¡¹å‰çž»æ€§ã€éžéšæœºã€åŒæœŸå¯¹ç §è¯•éªŒ.

Objective: To uncover and identify the differences in salivary microbiota profiles and their potential roles between patients with pulmonary nodules (PN) and healthy controls, and to propose new candidate biomarkers for the early warning of PN. Methods: 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed with the saliva samples of 173 PN patients, or the PN group, and 40 health controls, or the HC group, to compare the characteristics, including diversity, community composition, differential species, and functional changes of salivary microbiota in the two groups. Random forest algorithm was used to identify salivary microbial markers of PN and their predictive value for PN was assessed by area under the curve (AUC). Finally, the biological functions and potential mechanisms of differentially-expressed genes in saliva samples were preliminarily investigated on the basis of predictive functional profiling of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2). Results: The α diversity and ß diversity of salivary microbiota in the PN group were higher than those in the HC group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the community composition and the abundance of oral microorganisms between the PN and the HC groups (P<0.05). Random forest algorithm was applied to identify differential microbial species. Porphyromonas, Haemophilus, and Fusobacterium constituted the optimal marker sets (AUC=0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.86), which can be used to effectively identify patients with PN. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially-expressed genes revealed that patients with PN showed significant enrichment in protein/molecular functions involved in immune deficiency and redox homeostasis. Conclusion: Changes in salivary microbiota are closely associated with PN and may induce the development of PN or malignant transformation of PN, which indicates the potential of salivary microbiota to be used as a new non-invasive humoral marker for the early diagnosis of PN.

A Nano Refractive Index Sensing Structure for Monitoring Hemoglobin Concentration in Human Body.

This paper proposes a nanosensor structure consisting of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide with a rectangular root and a double-ring (SRRDR) with a rectangular cavity. In this paper, the cause and internal mechanism of Fano resonance are investigated by the finite element method (FEM), and the transport characteristics are optimized by changing various parameters of the structure. The results show that the structure can achieve double Fano resonance. Due to the destructive disturbance between the wideband mode of the inverted rectangle on the bus waveguide and the narrowband mode of the SRRDR, the output spectrum of the system shows an obvious asymmetric Fano diagram, and the structural parameters of the sensor have a great influence on the Fano resonance. By changing the sensitive parameters, the optimal sensitivity of the refractive index nanosensor is 2280 nm/RIU, and the coefficient of excellence (FOM) is 76.7. In addition, the proposed high-sensitivity nanosensor will be used to detect hemoglobin concentration in blood, which has positive applications for biosensors and has great potential for future nanosensing and optical integration systems.

Refractive Index and Alcohol-Concentration Sensor Based on Fano Phenomenon.

A novel nano-refractive index sensor based on the Fano resonance phenomenon is proposed in this paper. The sensor consists of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and a V-ring cavity with a groove (VRCG). We analyzed the performance of the nanoscale sensor using the finite element method. The simulation results show that the asymmetry of the geometric structure itself is the main factor leading to Fano resonance splitting. In Fano splitting mode, the Fano bandwidth of the system can be significantly reduced when the sensor sensitivity is slightly reduced, so that the figure of merit (FOM) of the sensor can be substantially improved. Based on the above advantages, the sensor's sensitivity in this paper is as high as 2765 nm/RIU, FOM = 50.28. In addition, we further applied the sensor to alcohol concentration detection. The effect is good, and the sensitivity achieves about 150. This type of sensor has a bright future in the precision measurement of solution concentrations.

A Nanoscale Sensor Based on a Toroidal Cavity with a Built-In Elliptical Ring Structure for Temperature Sensing Application.

In this article, a refractive index sensor based on Fano resonance, which is generated by the coupling of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure and a toroidal cavity with a built-in elliptical ring (TCER) structure, is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to analyze the propagation characteristics of the integral structure. The effects of refractive index and different geometric parameters of the structure on the sensing characteristics were evaluated. The maximum sensitivity was 2220 nm/RIU with a figure of merit (FOM) of 58.7, which is the best performance level that the designed structure could achieve. Moreover, due to its high sensitivity and simple structure, the refractive index sensor can be applied in the field of temperature detection, and its sensitivity is calculated to be 1.187 nm/℃.