ABSTRACT
Objetivo: O atual cenário de saúde pública se alterou abrupta e inesperadamente devido à pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2). Nesse sentido, busca-se discutir as potencialidades, limitações e riscos do uso dos recursos tecnológicos (que já vêm sendo usados na assistência médica na pandemia) também na formação do estudante de medicina. Descrevem-se algumas áreas de atuação nas quais os acadêmicos podem se beneficiar do uso da telessaúde, devidamente supervisionados por preceptores. Métodos: O método adotado foi de revisão narrativa da literatura. A busca se realizou nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os termos utilizados para a busca dos artigos foram: "telemedicina", "telessaúde", "ensino médico", "COVID-19", "pandemia", e suas traduções para inglês. Foram incluídos os artigos concordantes com os objetivos da pesquisa. Foram excluídos os que tangenciaram o tema e os publicados antes da ano de 2010. Foram incluídas ainda publicações relevantes, citadas nos artigos selecionados. Além disso, foi realizada pesquisa em páginas da web de entidades médicas e autoridades brasileiras em saúde para esclarecimento de regras e normativas relacionadas ao uso da telemedicina no Brasil. Conclusão: Como vantagens da telemedicina na educação de estudantes de medicina podemos citar a oportunidade de estudantes se familiarizarem com ferramentas da telessaúde na prática médica, a proteger a privacidade do paciente, treinar a comunicação entre profissionais de saúde, além de ampliar e qualificar o acesso de intervenções das escolas médicas, promovendo equidade. Dentre os obstáculos, podemos citar a ausência de uma regulamentação da telemedicina que esclareça e dê sustentação legal às práticas em telemedicina, principalmente fora do período pandêmico. Além disso, é necessária ampliação do acesso aos recursos tecnológicos que ofereçam uma comunicação segura em relação a proteção de dados e eficiente. Portanto, sugerimos que as adaptações exigidas pela pandemia da COVID-19 trazem a oportunidade singular de avançarmos no debate do uso da telemedicina no Brasil, atenta também à formação do estudante de medicina.
Objective: The current public health scenario has changed abruptly and unexpectedly due to the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Regarding that, we long to discuss here the potential, limitations and risks of the use of technological resources (which are already being used in medical care during the pandemic) also in medical education. Some areas of expertise in which academics can benefit from the use of telehealth, duly supervised by preceptors, are described. Methods: The method adopted was a narrative review of the literature. The search was carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. The terms used to search for the articles were: "telemedicine", "telehealth", "medical education", "COVID-19", "pandemic". Articles consistent with the research objectives were included. Those that did not deepen the topic and those published before 2010 were excluded. Relevant publications mentioned in the selected articles were also included. In addition, a search was carried out on the websites of medical entities and Brazilian health authorities to clarify rules and regulations related to the use of telemedicine in Brazil. Conclusion: As advantages of telemedicine in the education of medical students, we can mention the opportunity for students to become familiar with telehealth tools in medical practice, to protect patient privacy, train communication between health professionals. This practice can also expand and qualify access to interventions of medical schools, promoting equity. Among the obstacles, we can mention the absence of a telemedicine regulation that clarifies and gives legal support to telemedicine practices, especially outside the pandemic period. In addition, it is necessary to expand access to technological resources that offer secure and efficient communication regarding data protection. Therefore, we suggest that the adaptations required by the COVID-19 pandemic bring a unique opportunity to advance in the debate on the use of telemedicine in Brazil, also paying attention to the training of medical students.
Subject(s)
Telemedicine , Education, Medical , COVID-19 , Education, Medical, UndergraduateABSTRACT
Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever o processo de redação de cartas voltadas ao aprimoramento da prática docente, bem como, apontar algumas diretrizes potencialmente úteis nessa tarefa. Trata-se de um relato de experiência baseado na troca de cartas entre uma professora de Psicologia e a monitora de sua disciplina, no ensino superior, durante um semestre letivo. A partir da análise das cartas, apresentamos um conjunto de práticas de escrita influenciadas por uma perspectiva construcionista social e que enfatizam o uso da carta como forma de promover o diálogo e a reflexão. Observamos que o uso da carta estimulou momentos reflexivos em sala de aula e relações mais horizontais entre professores e alunos. Contudo, é importante que a utilização das cartas se alie a programas institucionais amplos de formação docente para que seja um instrumento efetivo de desenvolvimento profissional.(AU)
This paper aims to describe the process of writing letters seeking the improvement of the teaching practice, as well as point out some potentially useful guidelines in this task. The methodology is an experience report based on the exchange of letters between a Psychology teacher and one monitor of the course, during an academic semester in higher education. From the analysis of the letters, we present a set of writing practices influenced by Social Construcionism that emphasize the use of letters as a way to promote dialogue and reflection. We observed that the use of letters allowed the development of reflective practice in the classroom and more horizontal relationships between teachers and students. However, it is important that the use of the letters allies with the school programs and projects to be an effective tool for teacher training.(AU)
ABSTRACT
A doença celíaca (DC) é uma enteropatia caracterizada pela intolerância permanente ao glúten desencadeada por mecanismos autoimunes nos indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. A DC com seu quadro clínico típico e principalmente atípico tem se mostrado mais frequente do que se imaginava. Seu diagnóstico é baseado em suspeita clínica, exames sorológicos e biópsia intestinal. Devido à evolução dos marcadoressorológicos e revisão dos critérios diagnósticos, discute-se sobre a real necessidade da realização da biópsia intestinal em casos selecionados. O tratamento da DC continua sendo a dieta isenta de glúten.
Celiac disease (CD) is an enteropathy characterized by permanent intolerance to gluten triggered by autoimmune mechanisms in genetically predisposed individuals. The frequency of CD, with its typical clinical condition and mainly atypical, has been higher than expected. Its diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, serologic tests, and intestinal biopsy. The evolution of the knowledge about serological markers and revision of thediagnostic criteria prompts questions about the real need of intestinal biopsy in selected cases. The treatment of CD remains the gluten-free diet.
ABSTRACT
Diatoms and macroinvertebrates have been extensively used as water quality indicators in Europe for the last two decades. In Portugal, the use of biological indicators to assess water quality in rivers has increased greatly. The aim of this work was to assess the water quality and ecological status of the Ul River in order to evaluate its ability for the establishment of a fluvial beach, using periphytic diatoms and macroinvertebrates as indicators. Four sites were selected along the Ul River. At each site, biological, physical, and chemical parameters were investigated. Epilithic diatoms and macroinvertebrates were sampled. The Specific Polluosensitivity Index and the Biological Diatom Index were applied to diatom data, while for macroinvertebrates, the Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP) was used. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that up to now, this river does not possess the ideal conditions for the establishment of a fluvial beach. We concluded that epilithic diatoms and macroinvertebrates provided consistent information on water quality assessment and can be used as biological indicators of the water quality in Ul River.
Subject(s)
Diatoms/classification , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Invertebrates/classification , Rivers/chemistry , Animals , Biodiversity , Diatoms/growth & development , Invertebrates/growth & development , Portugal , Seasons , Water Pollutants/analysisABSTRACT
Cysticercosis caused by the infection with the larva of Taenia solium, common through out the world, is located in the muscles, the eyes and the central nervous system, but mostly in the brain. Spinal cord infection is rare. The authors report a case of a young girl, living in Paris who had traveled in Latin America, and complained of back pains and troublesome walking. MRI showed a cyst in spinal cord, but other examinations were normal. Diagnosis was confirmed by a pathologist. It was a pure intramedullary cysticercosis, the check-up to find other locations was negative. Only approximately 130 cases are reported in the literature, with motor and sensory disorders. The diagnosis was based on MRI and pathological examination. Antiparasitic medical treatment was useful when combined with surgery.
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Taenia solium/isolation & purification , Adult , Animals , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Neurocysticercosis/drug therapy , Neurocysticercosis/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A co-infecção leishmaniose tegumentar americana e AIDS é de relato recente na literatura, observando-se diversidade quanto ao comportamento clínico e imunológico destes pacientes. Relatamos quatro casos acompanhados no Hospital Universitário de Brasília, com diagnóstico de infecçäo por parasitas do gênero Leishmania e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, ilustrando diferentes apresentaçöes clínicas, evoluções e respostas terapêuticas
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/complications , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/drug therapyABSTRACT
The co-infection American cutaneous leishmaniasis and AIDS has recently been described in the literature, observing differences between the clinical and immunological behavior of these patients. Four cases are reported here, attended at the Brasilia University Hospital, with diagnoses of infection by Leishmania species and immunodeficiency virus, with a view to illustrating the clinical presentations, course and therapeutic responses.
