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4.
Neumosur (Sevilla) ; 20(2): 56-64, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67955

ABSTRACT

El objetivo ha sido valorar la eficacia clínica de la vacuna antineumocócica (VANP) en pacientes inmunocompetentes con diagnóstico espirométrico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC).Método: Ensayo clínico prospectivo, controlado y aleatorizado en 596 pacientes con EPOC, (edad media 66.9±9,6 años). De éstos, 298 recibieron la VANP. La variable principal fue el primer episodio de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) de etiología neumocócica o desconocida. Seguimiento de 3 años (media 979 días).Resultados: Hubo 67 primeros episodios de NAC, de etiología neumocócica o desconocida. La eficacia de la VANP en la prevención de NAC de etiología neumocócica o desconocida en el grupo total era del 24%(IC 95%, -24 a 54; p= 0,333). En el subgrupo de los pacientes menores de 65 años, la eficacia aumentó hasta un 76% (IC 95%, 20 a 93; p=0,013). En los que tenían una obstrucción bronquial con un FEV1 <40%, la eficacia era del 48% (IC95%, -7 a 80; p=0,076). En los pacientes menores de 65 años y con FEV1<40%, la eficacia aumentaba hasta el 91% (IC95%, 35 a 99; p=0,002). Hubo 5 casos de NAC neumocócica no bacteriémica, todas ellas en el grupo control (long rank test = 5,03; p=0,0250). Se hizo un análisis multivariante de regresión de Cox para ajustar la vacunación a la edad y a la obstrucción bronquial, con respecto a presentar NAC: RR, 0,20; (IC 95% 0,06 a 0,68; p=0,01).Conclusiones: La VANP es efectiva para prevenir NAC de etiología neumocócica o desconocida en pacientes EPOC menores de 65 años y con FEV1<40%


Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) in immunocompetent patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: A randomised controlled trial was carried out in 596 patients with COPD (age 66.9±9.6 yr). 298 of whom received PPV. The main outcome was radiographically proven community acquired pneumonia (CAP) of pneumococcal or unknown aetiology after a mean period of 3 yr. Results: There were 67 first episodes of CAP caused by pneumococcus or of unknown aetiology. The efficacy of PPV in all patients was 24% (95%CI -24 to 54; p = 0.333). In the subgroup aged, 65 years the efficacy of PPV was 76% (95% CI 20 to 93; p = 0.013), while in those with severe functional obstruction (FEV1<40%) it was 48% (95% CI -7 to 80; p = 0.076). In younger patients with severe airflow obstruction the efficacy was 91%(95%CI 35 to 99; p = 0.002). There were only five cases of non-bacteriemic pneumococcal CAP, all in the non-intervention group (log rank test = 5.03; p = 0.0250). Multivariate analysis gave for unknown and pneumococcal CAP in the vaccinated group, adjusted for age was HR 0.20 (95%CI 0.06 to 0.68; p = 0.01).Conclusions: PPV is effective in preventing CAP in patients with COPD aged less than 65 years and in those with severe airflow obstruction. No differences were found among the other groups of patients with COPD


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Prospective Studies
5.
Neumosur (Sevilla) ; 20(2): 57-65, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-77816

ABSTRACT

El objetivo ha sido valorar la eficacia clínica de la vacuna antineumocócica(VANP) en pacientes inmunocompetentes con diagnósticoespirométrico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica(EPOC).Método: Ensayo clínico prospectivo, controlado y aleatorizadoen 596 pacientes con EPOC, (edad media 66.9±9,6 años). De éstos,298 recibieron la VANP. La variable principal fue el primer episodiode neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) de etiologíaneumocócica o desconocida. Seguimiento de 3 años (media 979días).Resultados: Hubo 67 primeros episodios de NAC, de etiologíaneumocócica o desconocida. La eficacia de la VANP en la prevenciónde NAC de etiología neumocócica o desconocida en el grupototal era del 24%(IC 95%, -24 a 54; p= 0,333). En el subgrupo delos pacientes menores de 65 años, la eficacia aumentó hasta un76% (IC 95%, 20 a 93; p=0,013). En los que tenían una obstrucciónbronquial con un FEV1 <40%, la eficacia era del 48% (IC95%, -7 a 80; p=0,076). En los pacientes menores de 65 años y conFEV1<40%, la eficacia aumentaba hasta el 91% (IC95%, 35 a 99;p=0,002). Hubo 5 casos de NAC neumocócica no bacteriémica,todas ellas en el grupo control (long rank test = 5,03; p=0,0250). Sehizo un análisis multivariante de regresión de Cox para ajustar lavacunación a la edad y a la obstrucción bronquial, con respecto apresentar NAC: RR, 0,20; (IC 95% 0,06 a 0,68; p=0,01).Conclusiones: La VANP es efectiva para prevenir NAC de etiologíaneumocócica o desconocida en pacientes EPOC menores de65 años y con FEV1<40% (AU)


Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacyof the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)in immunocompetent patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD).Methods: A randomised controlled trial was carried out in 596patients with COPD (age 66.9±9.6 yr). 298 of whom received PPV.The main outcome was radiographically proven communityacquired pneumonia (CAP) of pneumococcal or unknown aetiologyafter a mean period of 3 yr.Results: There were 67 first episodes of CAP caused by pneumococcusor of unknown aetiology. The efficacy of PPV in allpatients was 24% (95%CI -24 to 54; p = 0.333). In the subgroupaged, 65 years the efficacy of PPV was 76% (95% CI 20 to 93; p =0.013), while in those with severe functional obstruction(FEV1<40%) it was 48% (95% CI -7 to 80; p = 0.076). In youngerpatients with severe airflow obstruction the efficacy was 91%(95%CI 35 to 99; p = 0.002). There were only five cases of non-bacteriemicpneumococcal CAP, all in the non-intervention group (logrank test = 5.03; p = 0.0250). Multivariate analysis gave forunknown and pneumococcal CAP in the vaccinated group,adjusted for age was HR 0.20 (95%CI 0.06 to 0.68; p = 0.01).Conclusions: PPV is effective in preventing CAP in patientswith COPD aged less than 65 years and in those with severe airflowobstruction. No differences were found among the othergroups of patients with COPD (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Prospective Studies
6.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 41(11): 607-11, 2005 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16324599

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, severity, and mortality rates of pneumonia in a cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients monitored over 3 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 596 patients diagnosed with COPD according to spirometric criteria were included in the study. The variables assessed were mortality and severity according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). RESULTS: Of the 596 patients included in the study, 75 (12.6%) developed at least 1 episode of pneumonia during the 3 years of the study. The overall incidence of pneumonia was 55.1 per 1000 person-years. There were 88 episodes in 75 patients. COPD severity, evaluated based on percentage of predicted FEV1, was mild in 9 patients, moderate in 24, and severe in 42. Seventy-six (86.3%) episodes were CAP and 12 (13.6%) were acquired in hospital. Fourteen CAP cases corresponded to PSI group V, 28 to group IV, 20 to group III, and 14 to groups I and II. Overall mortality was 12.5% (11/88). The mortality rate was 41.7% (5/12) for nosocomial cases and 7.8% (6/76) for CAP cases (OR, 6.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-26.93). Assessing CAP mortality by level of severity, we found that the mortality rate was 35.7% (5/14) for group V and 3.5% (1/28) for group IV. No deaths occurred among patients in the other severity groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pneumonia in COPD patients is high. More than half the cases of CAP (55.2%) in our COPD patients were classified in PSI risk groups IV and V.


Subject(s)
Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Aged , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prognosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
7.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(11): 607-611, nov. 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044321

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar la incidencia, gravedad y mortalidad de las neumonías ocurridas en una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) seguidos durante 3 años. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyó en el estudio a 596 pacientes con diagnóstico espirométrico de EPOC. Los parámetros a evaluar fueron la mortalidad y la gravedad valorada de acuerdo con el Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) para la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). Resultados: De 596 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 75 (12,6%) desarrollaron al menos un episodio de neumonía durante el seguimiento. La incidencia global de neumonía fue de 55,1 por 1.000 personas-año. Hubo 88 episodios en 75 pacientes. El grado de la EPOC, valorado según el FEV1 como porcentaje del teórico, era en 9 pacientes leve, en 24 moderado y en 42 grave. De los episodios de neumonía, 76 (86,3%) fueron adquiridos en la comunidad y 12 (13,6%) en el hospital. Al valorar la gravedad de la NAC, 14 episodios correspondían al grupo V, 28 al grupo IV, 20 al grupo III y 14 a los grupos I y II. La mortalidad global fue del 12,5% (11/88). La mortalidad en las neumonías nosocomiales fue del 41,7% (5/12) y la mortalidad en las NAC fue del 7,8% (6/76) (OR: 6,67; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,65-26,93). Al valorar la mortalidad en las NAC según la gravedad, se encontró que la mortalidad en el grupo V fue de un 35,7% (5/14), en el grupo IV del 3,5% (1/28) y nula en el resto de los grupos. Conclusiones: Hay una elevada incidencia de neumonía en los pacientes con EPOC. Más de la mitad de las NAC (55,2%) ocurridas en nuestros pacientes con EPOC están dentro de los grupos de riesgo del PSI IV y V


Objective: To study the incidence, severity, and mortality rates of pneumonia in a cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients monitored over 3 years. Patients and methods: A total of 596 patients diagnosed with COPD according to spirometric criteria were included in the study. The variables assessed were mortality and severity according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: Of the 596 patients included in the study, 75 (12.6%) developed at least 1 episode of pneumonia during the 3 years of the study. The overall incidence of pneumonia was 55.1 per 1000 person-years. There were 88 episodes in 75 patients. COPD severity, evaluated based on percentage of predicted FEV1, was mild in 9 patients, moderate in 24, and severe in 42. Seventy-six (86.3%) episodes were CAP and 12 (13.6%) were acquired in hospital. Fourteen CAP cases corresponded to PSI group V, 28 to group IV, 20 to group III, and 14 to groups I and II. Overall mortality was 12.5% (11/88). The mortality rate was 41.7% (5/12) for nosocomial cases and 7.8% (6/76) for CAP cases (OR, 6.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-26.93). Assessing CAP mortality by level of severity, we found that the mortality rate was 35.7% (5/14) for group V and 3.5% (1/28) for group IV. No deaths occurred among patients in the other severity groups. Conclusions: The incidence of pneumonia in COPD patients is high. More than half the cases of CAP (55.2%) in our COPD patients were classified in PSI risk groups IV and V


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Humans , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Incidence , Prognosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
8.
Neumosur (Sevilla) ; 17(2): 147-152, abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-039101

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular(FRV) en pacientes con síndrome de apneas-hipopneasobstructivas del sueño (SAHOS).PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se incluyeron todos los pacientesdiagnosticados de SAHOS mediante estudio de sueño entre Enerode 1994 y Diciembre de 2000, analizándose los siguientes FRV:edad, sexo, hipertensión arterial (HTA), tabaquismo, obesidad,diabetes mellitus (DM), hipercolesterolemia (HCL) e hipertrigliceridemia(HTG).RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 879 pacientes con edad media55,4±10.6 años, IAH 54,9±28,7, de los cuales 711 (80,9%) eranhombres. La prevalencia de los diferentes FRV fue la siguiente:obesidad 719 (81,8%) casos, tabaquismo 589 (67%), HTA 535(60,9%), HCL 581 (66%), HTG 191 (21,7%) y DM 312 (35,4%). Lamedia de FRV por paciente (excluyendo edad y sexo) fue de3,4±1,2, y 660 (75%) casos asociaron 3 ó más FRV. Los pacientescon IAH>30 presentaron más FRV que aquellos con IAH<30 (3,5 ±1,2 vs. 3,1 ± 1,2; p=0,02).CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con SAHOS presentaronuna elevada prevalencia de FRV y una tendencia acusada a la asociaciónde varios FRV en un mismo paciente. Los SAHOS gravestenían más FRV que los casos no graves


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of cardiovascularrisk factors (CRF) in patients with obstructive sleepapnea/hypoapnea syndrome (OSHAS).PATIENTS AND METHOD: all patients diagnosed withOSHAS during a sleep study between January 1994 and December2000 were included, with the following CRF being analyzed: age,sex, arterial hypertension (AHT), smoking habits, obesity, diabetesmellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and hypertriglyceridemia(HTG).RESULTS: 879 patients were included in the study, with anaverage age of 55.4±10.6 years, with an AHI (apnea/hypoapneaindex) of 54.9±28.7, of which 711 (80.9%) were men. The prevalenceof the various CRF was as follows: obesity 719 (81.8%) cases,smoking 589 (67%), AHT 535 (60.9%), HCL 581 (66%), HTG 191(21.7%) and DM 312 (35.4%). The average CRF per patient(excluding age and sex) was 3.4±1.2, and in 660 (75%) cases, therewere 3 or more associated CRF. The patients with AHI>30 presentedmore CRF than those with an AHI < 30 (3.5 ± 1.2 vs. 3.1 ±1.2; p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OSHAS presented anincreased prevalence of CRF and there was a marked tendency toassociate several CRF in one single patient. Serious OSHAS caseshad more CRF than the less serious cases


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Obesity/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Hyperlipidemias/epidemiology
10.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 38(5): 214-20, 2002 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12028929

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the hospital area of Seville-South between 1990 and 1999. METHOD: Study of the incidence of TB in the area's population between 1990 and 1999 by way of periodic survey of informants who were likely to see cases. RESULTS: The annual incidence of TB rose from 1990 (26.64/105) to its peak in 1992 (38.3/105), stabilized between 1992 and 1995, and later fell to 15.7/105 in 1999. Bacillary cases followed a similar pattern, with a peak of 13.76/105 in 1992 and a low of 6.06/105 in 1998. The annual incidence of TB-AIDS rose between 1990 (2.63/105) and 1995 (9.08/105), and then fell to 4.13/105 by 1999. The highest incidences were in the 25-to-34-year-old range in the periods from 1990 to 1993 (50.74/105) and 1994 to 1996 (61.49/105), whereas the incidence decreased among 55-to-64-year-olds (28.55/105) from 1997 to 1999. The age distribution was affected by rates in the TB-AIDS group, which contributed 48%, 50% and 55% in each period, respectively, for individuals in the 25-to-34-year-old range. CONCLUSIONS: The annual incidence of TB was 41,1% lower in 1999 than in 1990, as a result of the marked decrease beginning in the middle of the decade. The impact of TB-AIDS patients on the evolution of annual incidence and on age distribution was considerable throughout the decade.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology
11.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(5): 214-220, mayo 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11893

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Describir la incidencia de la tuberculosis (TB) en el Área Hospitalaria Sur de Sevilla entre 1990 y 1999.MÉTODO: Estudio de incidencia de la TB en la población del área entre 1990 y 1999, mediante la consulta periódica de todas las fuentes susceptibles de aportar casos. RESULTADOS: La tasa de incidencia anual (TIA) de TB ascendió desde 1990 (26,64/105) hasta alcanzar su pico en 1992 (38,3/105), se estabilizó entre 1992 y 1995 y, posteriormente, sufrió un descenso mantenido hasta 1999 (15,7/105). La curva de bacilíferos siguió una evolución similar, con un pico de 13,76/105 en 1992 y un mínimo de 6,06/105 en 1998. La TIA en el grupo TB-sida ascendió desde 1990 (2,63/105) hasta 1995 (9,08/105), descendiendo posteriormente de forma mantenida hasta 1999 (4,13/105). Por edades, las tasas más elevadas se registraron en el grupo de edad de 25-34 años, tanto en el período 1990-1993 (50,74/105) como en 1994-1996 (61,49/105), mientras que en 1997-1999 recayeron en el grupo de 55-64 años (28,55/105). Esta distribución por edades estuvo influida por el grupo de TB-sida, que contribuyó con un 48, un 50 y un 55 por ciento, respectivamente, en cada período a la tasa global del grupo de 25-34 años. CONCLUSIONES: La TIA de TB para el global de casos se redujo en un 41,1 por ciento en 1999 respecto al valor de 1990, produciéndose este acusado descenso a partir de la mitad de la década. Los pacientes con TB-sida tuvieron una influencia importante tanto en la evolución de las TIA a lo largo de la década, como en la morfología de la curva por edades. (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Tuberculosis , Cohort Studies , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Age Factors
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