Saúde Mental, Uso de Álcool e Qualidade do Sono em Estudantes de uma Universidade Pública / Mental Health, Alcohol Use and Sleep Quality by Students in a Public University / Salud Mental, Consumo de Alcohol y Calidad del Sueño en Estudiantes de una Universidad Pública

Este estudo analisou os aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais dos estudantes de uma universidade pública durante a graduação, considerando autopercepção de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, bem como uso de substâncias psicoativas e qualidade do sono. Foi realizado um delineamento longitudinal com 34 estudantes ingressantes em 2015/1 e formandos em 2018/2, aplicando-se questionário online. Do total de universitários, 22 eram mulheres e 12 eram homens, sendo que o consumo de drogas aumentou para ambos os sexos. A frequência da percepção de processos depressivos aumentou no fim do curso, enquanto a de ansiedade diminuiu, para ambos os sexos. Os dados de percepção do estresse mostraram aumento na frequência total. Houve correlação positiva fraca entre depressão e ansiedade ou estresse, mas correlação positiva moderada entre estresse e ansiedade no final do curso. Ainda, obteve-se um aumento expressivo de distúrbio do sono em homens e mulheres, porém de forma significativa apenas para os primeiros. Foi notada correlação positiva fraca entre a percepção de depressão, ansiedade ou estresse no final do curso. Faz-se necessário o acompanhamento multiprofissional do universitário, auxiliando na maneira de lidar com as dificuldades, bem como medidas de melhoria da qualidade de vida e sono.

This study analyzed cognitive and behavioral aspects of students at a public university during undergraduate study, considering self-perception of anxiety, depression and stress, as well as psychoactive substance use and sleep quality. A longitudinal project was conducted with 34 students entering in 2015/1 and graduating in 2018/2, applying an online questionnaire. Of the total of students, 22 were women and 12 were men, and drug use increased for both sexes. The frequency of perception of depressive processes increased at the end of the course, while anxiety decreased, for both sexes. Stress perception data showed an increase in total frequency. There was a weak positive correlation between depression and anxiety or stress, but a moderate positive correlation between stress and anxiety at the end of the course. It is still possible to notice that there was a significant increase in sleep disorders in men and women, but significantly only for the first. A weak positive correlation was noticed between the perception of depression, anxiety or stress at the end of the course. The multidisciplinary follow-up of the university student is necessary in order to assist in dealing with difficulties, as well as measures to improve quality of life and sleep.

Este estudio analizó los aspectos cognitivos y conductuales de los estudiantes en una universidad pública durante la graduación, considerando la autopercepción de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, así como el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y la calidad del sueño. Se realizó un diseño longitudinal con 34 estudiantes que ingresaron en 2015/1 y graduaron en 2018/2 aplicando un cuestionario en línea. El total de estudiantes universitarios, 22 eran mujeres y 12 hombres, con un mayor consumo de drogas para ambos los sexos. La frecuencia de percepción de los procesos depresivos aumentó al final del curso, mientras que la ansiedad disminuyó para ambos os sexos. Los datos para el estrés aumentaron en la frecuencia total. Hubo una correlación positiva débil entre la depresión y la ansiedad o el estrés, pero una correlación positiva moderada entre el estrés y la ansiedad al final del curso. Aun así, el aumento significativo en los trastornos del sueño en hombres y mujeres, sin embargo significado solamente para él primer. Una correlación positiva débil con depresión, ansiedad o estrés fue percibida al final del curso. Se hace necesario el acompañamiento multiprofesional de estudiantes universitarios, a fin de ayudar en la forma de tratar las dificultades, así como medidas para mejorar la calidad de vida y el sueño.

Tracking of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in young shooters, Ituiutaba, MG

The aim of this study was to detect early hypertension, diabetes and obesity, as well as their risk factors, in 105 young shooters from Tiro de Guerra 11-002 in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. This is a cross-sectional mixed study. A semi-structured questionnaire that contained questions related to the sociodemographic context, health status, lifestyle, eating habits, and psychosocial variables was applied. Blood pressure, anthropometric indexes, and lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation test and Spearman's coefficient, considering significative value (p < 0.05). The shooters had an average of 18.9 years old, most educated and brown. Anthropometric indices indicated a mainly eutrophic population, and normotensive and desirable lipid and glycemic profiles. However, overweight, high blood pressure, and self-declaration of family history for chronic diseases were identified. In addition, most shooters affirmed to ingest alcoholics beverages, to have insufficient time of physical activity, and to be aware of their levels of stress, pressure and anxiety and a few hours of sleep. Overall, the shooters showed good anthropometric and biochemical indicatorsof blood. Risk behavior, such as drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking, low level of physical activity and self-perception of stress, anxiety and pressure were also noted.

Usnic acid attenuates genomic instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as chemical-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon.

Usnic acid (UA) is one of the pharmacologically most important compounds produced by several lichen species. To better understand the mechanism of action (MOA) of this important substance, this study examined the genotoxicity attributed to UA and its influence on mutagens with varying MOA using the micronucleus (MN) test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of UA on colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats employing the aberrant crypt focus (ACF) assay. In vitro studies showed a significant increase in the frequency of MN in cultures treated with the highest UA concentration tested (87.13 µM). In contrast, UA concentrations of 10.89, 21.78, or 43.56 µM produced an approximate 60% reduction in chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin, hydrogen peroxide, and etoposide, indicating an antigenotoxic effect. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats treated with different UA doses (3.125, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg b.w.) and with the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine exhibited a significantly lower incidence of neoplastic lesions in the colon than animals treated only with the carcinogen. Data suggest that the MOA responsible for the chemopreventive effect of UA may be related to interaction with DNA topoisomerase II and/or the antioxidant potential of the compound.

Aspectos socioeconômicos e eventos de queda entre idosos atendidos no sistema público de saúde / Socioeconomic aspects and falls in older adults served by the public health system / Aspectos socioeconómicos y eventos de caídas en mayores asistidos por el sistema público de salud

Objetivo: Apresentar os aspectos socioeconômicos e a ocorrência de eventos de queda entre idosos atendidos no sistema municipal de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado com 154 idosos, de ambos os sexos (feminino, n=88; masculino, n=66), atendidos nas unidades de saúde do município de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, em 2018. Realizou-se a coleta dos dados a partir da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado contendo questões socioeconômicas (escolaridade, ocupação, origem, renda e situação conjugal) e de condição clínica, incluindo eventos de queda. Analisaram-se as variáveis por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos idosos, 80,5% (n=124) era de origem rural, com maior prevalência de mulheres (57,1%; n=68). Sobre as quedas e seus aspectos relacionados, 37,7% (n=58) dos idosos afirmaram ter sofrido algum evento nos últimos 12 meses, sendo mais prevalente entre aqueles com idade entre 70 e 79 anos (55,2%; n=32), do sexo feminino (67,2%; n=39). Em decorrência da queda, 32,7% (n=19) apresentaram fratura e, entre aqueles que caíram, 41,4% (n=24) relataram que a residência apresentava riscos para novos eventos de queda. Conclusão: Os eventos de queda autorreferidos pelos idosos investigados associam-se aos fatores inerentes do envelhecimento biológico, com acentuada feminização do envelhecimento, mas também aos fatores extrínsecos associados ao ambiente onde vivem.

Objective: To present the socioeconomic aspects and the occurrence of falls in older patients served by the municipal health system. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 154 older adults of both sexes (women, n=88; men, n=66) served at health care centers in the municipality of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, in 2018. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that addressed socioeconomic issues (education, occupation, origin, income and marital status) and clinical conditions, including occurrence of falls. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In all, 80.5% (n=124) of the older adults were from rural areas and there was a higher prevalence of women (57.1%; n=68). Regarding falls and related aspects, 37.7% (n=58) of the older adults reported at least one fall in the past 12 months, with a higher prevalence among those aged 70-79 years (55.2%; n=32) and women (67.2%; n=39). Fracture resulting from fall occurred in 32.7% (n=19) of the older adults and 41.4% (n=24) of those who fell said the house presented risks for new falls. Conclusion: Falls self-reported by the older adults analyzed were associated with factors inherent to biological aging and there was a marked feminization of aging. However, they were also associated with extrinsic factors related to the environment where they live.

Objetivo: Apresentar os aspectos socioeconômicos e a ocorrência de eventos de queda entre idosos atendidos no sistema municipal de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado com 154 idosos, de ambos os sexos (feminino, n=88; masculino, n=66), atendidos nas unidades de saúde do município de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, em 2018. Realizou-se a coleta dos dados a partir da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado contendo questões socioeconômicas (escolaridade, ocupação, origem, renda e situação conjugal) e de condição clínica, incluindo eventos de queda. Analisaram-se as variáveis por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos idosos, 80,5% (n=124) era de origem rural, com maior prevalência de mulheres (57,1%; n=68). Sobre as quedas e seus aspectos relacionados, 37,7% (n=58) dos idosos afirmaram ter sofrido algum evento nos últimos 12 meses, sendo mais prevalente entre aqueles com idade entre 70 e 79 anos (55,2%; n=32), do sexo feminino (67,2%; n=39). Em decorrência da queda, 32,7% (n=19) apresentaram fratura e, entre aqueles que caíram, 41,4% (n=24) relataram que a residência apresentava riscos para novos eventos de queda. Conclusión: Os eventos de queda autorreferidos pelos idosos investigados associam-se aos fatores inerentes do envelhecimento biológico, com acentuada feminização do envelhecimento, mas também aos fatores extrínsecos associados ao ambiente onde vivem.

Evaluation of titanium dioxide nanocrystal-induced genotoxicity by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the Drosophila wing spot test.

Titanium dioxide nanocrystals (TiO2 NCs) crystalline structures include anatase, rutile and brookite. This study evaluated the genotoxic effects of 3.4 and 6.2 nm anatase TiO2 NCs and 78.0 nm predominantly rutile TiO2 NCs through an in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay using V79 cells and an in vivo somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila wings. The MN assay was performed with nontoxic concentrations of TiO2 NCs. Only anatase (3.4 nm) at the highest concentration (120 µM) induced genotoxicity in V79 cells. In the in vivo test, Drosophila melanogaster larvae obtained from standard (ST) or high bioactivation (HB) crosses were treated with TiO2 NCs. In the ST cross, no mutagenic effects were observed. However, in the HB cross, TiO2 NCs (3.4 nm) were mutagenic at 1.5625 and 3.125 mM, while 78.0 nm NCs increased mutant spots at all concentrations tested except 3.125 mM. Only the smallest anatase TiO2 NCs induced mutagenic effects in vitro and in vivo. For rutile TiO2 NCs, no clastogenic/aneugenic effects were observed in the MN assay. However, they were mutagenic in Drosophila. Therefore, both anatase and rutile TiO2 NCs induced mutagenicity. Further research is necessary to clarify the TiO2 NCs genotoxic/mutagenic action mechanisms.

Assessment of carcinogenic potential of soft drinks of cola, diet cola, orange and lemon, produced in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil / Avaliação do potencial carcinogênico de refrigerantes à base de cola, diet cola, laranja e limão, produzidos no município de Uberlândia, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Soft drinks are industrialized unfermented beverages, free of alcohol, carbonated, rich in artificial flavors and sugar. The intense consumption of such beverages can be related to not inheritable diseases such as caries, allergy, cellulite and stretch marks, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of different concentrations of soft drinks produced in the Uberlândia city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, by means of Epithelial Tumor Detection Test using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Third stage larvae descendants of crosses between D. melanogaster virgin females wts/TM3, sb¹ and males mwh/mwh were treated with different concentrations (0.83, 1.66 or 3.33 mL/g) of cola, diet cola, orange or lemon soft drinks. The total epithelial tumor rate observed in flies treated with 3.33 mL/g of cola and orange soft drinks was higher than the negative control. The diet cola and lemon caused no significant increase in the overall frequency of epithelial tumors in D. melanogaster. In conclusion, in these experimental conditions, the cola and orange base soft drinks demonstrated carcinogenic potential in somatic cells of D. melanogaster in the concentration of 3.33 mL/g.

Refrigerantes são bebidas industrializadas não fermentadas, livre de álcool, carbonatadas, ricas em aromas artificiais e açúcar. O consumo intenso dessas bebidas pode estar relacionada à doenças não herdáveis como, cáries, quadros alérgicos, formação de celulite e estrias cutâneas, alterações gastrointestinais, diabetes e câncer. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial carcinogênico de diferentes concentrações de refrigerantes produzidos no município de Uberlândia, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi realizado o Teste de Detecção de Tumor Epitelial em Drosophila melanogaster. Larvas de terceiro estágio descendentes do cruzamento entre fêmeas virgens wts/TM3, sb¹ e machos mwh/mwh de D. melanogaster foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações (0,83; 1,66 ou 3,33 mL/g) de refrigerantes à base de cola, diet cola, laranja e limão. Os resultados mostraram aumento na frequência de tumor epitelial em moscas tratadas 3,33 mL/g de refrigerantes à base de cola e de laranja, quando comparados ao controle negativo. Os refrigerantes diet cola e limão não provocaram aumento na frequência de tumor epitelial em D. melanogaster. Em conclusão, nessas condições experimentais, os refrigerantes à base de cola e laranja mostraram potencial carcinogênico em células somáticas de D. melanogaster na concentração de 3,33 mL/g.

Recursos de bioinformática aplicados às ciências ômicas como genômica, transcriptômica, proteômica, interatômica e metabolômica / Bioinformatic resources applied on the omic sciences as genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, interatomic and metabolomic

As ciências ômicas tratam da análise global dos sistemas biológicos, integrando diferentes áreas do conhecimento, como a bioquímica, genética, fisiologia e computação, com o objetivo de isolar e caracterizar genes, proteínas e metabólitos, assim como estudar as interações entre eles, com base em técnicas experimentais, softwares e bancos de dados. A bioinformática por sua vez, propõe novas formas de ciência baseada na experimentação in silico, sendo muito dinâmica na sua atualização e fornecendo a base para geração de novos dados e conhecimentos que podem ser aplicados na pesquisa básica e na aplicada com o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e soluções. Este processo está intimamente relacionado à inovação tecnológica, que é conseguida unindo-se a biotecnologia e a bioinformática. Contudo, o objetivo desta revisão é apresentar uma pequena abordagem dos recursos de bioinformática aplicados às ciências ômicas, como genômica, transcriptômica, proteômica, interatômica, metabolômica, farmacogenômica, dentre outras.

The omic sciences had a wide point of view of the biological systems, integrating different knowledgement areas, as biochemistry, genetics and physiology, with the aim of isolation and characterization of genes, proteins and metabolites as well study their interactions, based on experimental techniques, softwares and data banks. Bioinformatics proposes a new science, which is based on in silico experimentation, being very dynamic in its update and also can provides the basis for generation of new data and knowledge that can be applied in basic research and applied to the development of new products and solutions. This process is closely related to technological innovation, which is achieved joining biotechnology and bioinformatics. However, the objective of this review is to present a small approach of bioinformatics resources applied to the omics science, like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, interatomics, metabolomics, pharmacogenomics, among others.

Comparative genotoxicity evaluation of imidazolinone herbicides in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.

In the present study, five analogous herbicides, namely Imazapyr (IMZR), Imazapic (IMZC), Imazethapyr (IMZT), Imazamox (IMZX) and Imazaquin (IMZQ), were evaluated for genotoxicity (mutagenic and recombinagenic activity) in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. They are classified as imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides and their mode of action is to inhibit acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. Two crosses were used: the standard (ST) cross and the high bioactivation (HB) cross. The latter is characterized by high levels of cytochrome P450 conferring increased sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. Three-day-old larvae were exposed by chronic feeding (48 h) to four different concentrations of these herbicides (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mM). For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per individual in the treated series were compared to the concurrent negative control series (ultrapure water). Imazapyr, Imazapic and Imazethapyr gave negative results with both crosses of the wing spot test. In the ST cross, Imazamox showed positive results only for large single spots (20.0 mM IMZX) and weak positive results for total spots (10.0 and 20.0 mM IMZX), while Imazaquin showed positive results only for large single spots (5.0 and 20.0mM IMZQ) and a weak positive result for total spots (20.0 mM IMZQ). These positive results are mainly due to induced recombination and to a minor extent to mutations. In the HB cross, only Imazamox (5.0 mM IMZX) showed a weak positive result for small single spots. The positive control urethane, a promutagen, caused an increase in the number of all types of spots in both crosses. In conclusion, the results of chronic treatments performed at high doses (toxicity was observed at higher doses) shows the existence of a genotoxic risk for IMZX and IMZQ exposure under these experimental conditions, and indicate the need for further research to delineate the exact mechanisms involved.