ABSTRACT
Cell-membrane hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) are designed to improve drug delivery, thermal therapy, and immunotherapy for several diseases. Here, we report the development of distinct biomimetic magnetic nanocarriers containing magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in vesicles and IR780 near-infrared dyes incorporated in the membranes. Distinct cell membranes are investigated, red blood cell (RBC), melanoma (B16F10), and glioblastoma (GL261). Hybrid nanocarriers containing synthetic lipids and a cell membrane are designed. The biomedical applications of several systems are compared. The inorganic nanoparticle consisted of Mn-ferrite nanoparticles with a core diameter of 15 ± 4 nm. TEM images show many multicore nanostructures (â¼40 nm), which correlate with the hydrodynamic size. Ultrahigh transverse relaxivity values are reported for the magnetic NPs, 746 mM-1s-1, decreasing respectively to 445 mM-1s-1 and 278 mM-1s-1 for the B16F10 and GL261 hybrid vesicles. The ratio of relaxivities r2/r1 decreased with the higher encapsulation of NPs and increased for the biomimetic liposomes. Therapeutic temperatures are achieved by both, magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. Photothermal conversion efficiency â¼25-30% are reported. Cell culture revealed lower wrapping times for the biomimetic vesicles. In vivo experiments with distinct routes of nanoparticle administration were investigated. Intratumoral injection proved the nanoparticle-mediated PTT efficiency. MRI and near-infrared images showed that the nanoparticles accumulate in the tumor after intravenous or intraperitoneal administration. Both routes benefit from MRI-guided PTT and demonstrate the multimodal theranostic applications for cancer therapy.
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The effects of normal (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and postharvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) before CA storage for 5 months on the volatilome, biochemical composition and quality of 'Golden Delicious' (GD) and 'Red Delicious' (RD) apples were studied. Apples stored under NA and CA maintained and 1-MCP treatment increased firmness in both cultivars. NA storage resulted in a decrease of glucose, sucrose and fructose levels in both cultivars. When compared to CA storage, 1-MCP treatment caused a more significant decrease in sucrose levels and an increase in glucose levels. Additionally, 1-MCP-treated apples exhibited a significant decrease in malic acid content for both cultivars. All storage conditions led to significant changes in the abundance and composition of the volatilome in both cultivars. GD and RD apples responded differently to 1-MCP treatment compared to CA storage; higher abundance of hexanoate esters and (E,E)-α-farnesene was observed in RD apples treated with 1-MCP. While 1-MCP was effective in reducing (E,E)-α-farnesene abundance in GD apples, its impact on RD apples was more limited. However, for both cultivars, all storage conditions resulted in lower levels of 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate and hexyl acetate. The effectiveness of 1-MCP is cultivar dependent, with GD showing better results than RD.
Subject(s)
Food Storage , Malus , Malus/chemistry , Malus/metabolism , Cyclopropanes/pharmacology , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Fruit/metabolism , Sucrose/metabolism , Malates , Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Glucose/metabolism , Fructose/metabolism , Fructose/analysisABSTRACT
Heliannuols are a unique class of sesquiterpenes isolated mostly from Helianthus annuus, commonly known as sunflower. The interesting allelopathic properties, combined with their unprecedented carbon skeletons, have drawn wide attention to phytochemistry and synthetic groups. So far, 14 heliannuols (heliannuols A-N) have been described in the literature, although some of them have not yet been validated by total synthesis. Moreover, the structural proposal of some compounds was based on the similarity of NMR data reported for previously isolated analogues (which in many instances turned out to be incorrect), coupled with little or no stereochemical analysis. Consequently, the structural reassignment is a recurring theme in heliannuol's family. Through a rigorous and comprehensive quantum chemical simulation of NMR parameters, encompassing an integrated ANN-PRA/DP4+ tandem approach, we intended to advance unexplored directions regarding the structure of the entire heliannuol family. Furthermore, we found that the size of the fused ring significantly influences the signals corresponding to the aromatic ring, making this discovery an excellent diagnostic tool for quickly determining the core structure of these compounds.
ABSTRACT
Training food handlers is essential to ensure food safety. However, the efficacy of training programs relying solely on theoretical information remains uncertain and often fails to induce significant changes in inadequate food practices. Training programs in good hygiene and food safety practices that integrate theoretical and practical approaches have emerged as a vital tool, enabling food handlers to apply their knowledge during work hours and clarify doubts. This study aimed to assess the impact of food safety training based on theoretical and on-the-job training on the microbiological counts of equipment, surfaces, utensils, and food handler (FH) hands. The hygiene and food safety conditions of four restaurants were analyzed through facility checklists, employee questionnaires, and microbiological analyses conducted before and after training. Eight sample collection moments were conducted at each restaurant before and after training. The pre-training results indicate that 15% and 26% of analyses for Enterobacteriaceae and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMB), respectively, did not comply with hygiene safety limits. Additionally, 31% and 64% of Enterobacteriaceae and TMB values, respectively, exceeded safety limits on food handler hands. Positive cases of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) resulted from unprotected wounds on some FH hands. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in drains was also identified as a concern. Following training, significant differences in results were observed. In many cases, there was a reduction of over 80% in microbial load for Enterobacteriaceae and TMB collected from equipment, surfaces, utensils, and food handler hands. The presence of L. monocytogenes in drains was also eliminated after food safety training. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of effective training in improving food safety practices.
ABSTRACT
The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) can be found in sub-Saharan Africa, and its fruit presents high nutritional value. However, baobab seeds are often discarded and their potential remains underutilized. This study aimed to investigate the effect of roasting time (30/55/80/105 min at 200 °C) on the physical-chemical properties of baobab seeds and the bioactive compounds in a coffee-like beverage. The results showed a decrease in moisture, Aw (water activity), and hardness of baobab seeds with increasing roasting time. These changes resulted from moisture loss, caramelization, and Maillard reactions, which also affected appearance when compared with unroasted baobab seeds. The pH of the beverage decreased to a value of around 6.01 after 105 min of roasting. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the beverage increased with roasting time, reaching 851.2 mg GAE/100 g (after 80 min) and 18.9 mmol Fe2+/100 g (after 55 min), respectively. The caffeine content remained stable around 16 mg/100 g from 55 to 105 min, lower than that of unroasted coffee beans and decaffeinated coffee. These findings suggest the potential for valorizing baobab seeds in the development of a new coffee-like beverage with lower caffeine content.
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Abstract Introduction This article describes an unusual case of perianal Paget's Disease in a 42-year-old man, highlighting distinct characteristics about more typical cases. Case report 42-year-old male patient with persistent perianal lesion, recurrent abscesses, and discomfort. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a possible fistulous path. Biopsy revealed secondary anal Paget's disease and adenocarcinoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment demonstrated a positive response. Discussion Perianal Paget's Disease is a rare condition of the anal canal that is part of the Extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) group. Symptoms include itching, pain, perianal bleeding, and skin lesions. Diagnosis can be challenging and usually involves performing a histopathological biopsy associated with an immunohistochemical study. Treatment varies and may involve surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Due to the rarity of the disease, the best therapeutic approach is not yet well defined, and follow-up is essential due to the risk of recurrence. Conclusion Perianal Paget's Disease is rare and requires differentiation from other conditions. Early detection is essential to prevent malignancy.
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This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the influence of endodontic sealer and cervical limit of root filling on the discoloration of root canal treated teeth. Bovine incisors were randomly distributed into six experimental groups and control (n=21/group), according to the endodontic sealer used [AH Plus (AP); MTA Fillapex (MF) and Sealer Plus BC (SPB)] and the cervical limit of root filling [dental cervix (DC) or 2 mm in apical direction (2mm-AD)]. Tooth discoloration (ΔE) was evaluated by a digital spectrophotometer using the CIED2000 method. Color assessments were performed immediately before (baseline), 1 week, 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year after obturation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (α=5%). Teeth filled with the three sealers showed perceptible tooth discoloration (ΔE≥2.7) in 1 week, maintaining similar values over time. There was a significant difference between MF and SPB sealers in the 2mm-AD groups. In addition, 2mm-AD groups promoted significantly lower discoloration than DC groups for AH (3 months) and SPB (1 and 3 months) sealer,s. Teeth filled with AP, MF, and SPB sealers displayed discoloration from 1 week to one year, with differences between MF and SPB sealers. A cervical limit of filling material at 2 mm from the dental cervix seems more advisable, promoting lower crown discoloration.
Subject(s)
Root Canal Filling Materials , Tooth Discoloration , Tooth , Female , Animals , Cattle , Tooth Discoloration/chemically induced , Root Canal Filling Materials/adverse effects , Cervix Uteri , Tooth Crown , Epoxy ResinsABSTRACT
Abstract This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the influence of endodontic sealer and cervical limit of root filling on the discoloration of root canal treated teeth. Bovine incisors were randomly distributed into six experimental groups and control (n=21/group), according to the endodontic sealer used [AH Plus (AP); MTA Fillapex (MF) and Sealer Plus BC (SPB)] and the cervical limit of root filling [dental cervix (DC) or 2 mm in apical direction (2mm-AD)]. Tooth discoloration (ΔE) was evaluated by a digital spectrophotometer using the CIED2000 method. Color assessments were performed immediately before (baseline), 1 week, 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year after obturation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (α=5%). Teeth filled with the three sealers showed perceptible tooth discoloration (ΔE≥2.7) in 1 week, maintaining similar values over time. There was a significant difference between MF and SPB sealers in the 2mm-AD groups. In addition, 2mm-AD groups promoted significantly lower discoloration than DC groups for AH (3 months) and SPB (1 and 3 months) sealer,s. Teeth filled with AP, MF, and SPB sealers displayed discoloration from 1 week to one year, with differences between MF and SPB sealers. A cervical limit of filling material at 2 mm from the dental cervix seems more advisable, promoting lower crown discoloration.
Resumo O presente estudo laboratorial teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do cimento endodôntico e do limite cervical da obturação radicular na alteração de cor de dentes tratados endodonticamente. Incisivos bovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos experimentais e um controle (n=21/grupo), de acordo com o cimento endodôntico utilizado [AH Plus (AP); MTA Fillapex (MF) e Sealer Plus BC (SPB)] e o limite cervical da obturação [Colo dentário (CD) ou 2mm na direção apical (2mm-DA)]. A alteração de cor (ΔE) foi avaliada por um espectofotômetro digital usando o método CIED2000. As avaliações de cor foram realizadas imediatamente antes (baseline), 1 semana, 1, 3, 6 meses e 1 ano após a obturação. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e post-hoc de Tuckey (α=5%). Dentes obturados com os três cimentos apresentaram alteração de cor perceptível (ΔE≥2.7) em 1 semana, mantendo valores semelhantes ao longo do tempo. Houve uma diferença significativa entre os cimentos MF e SPB nos grupos 2mm-DA. Além disso, os grupos 2mm-DA promoveram uma alteração de cor significativamente menor do que o grupos CD para os cimentos AH (3 meses) e SPB (1 e 3 meses). Os dentes obturados com os cimentos AH, MF e SPB apresentaram alteração de cor entre 1 semana a um ano, com diferenças entre os cimentos MF e SPB. O limite cervical do material obturador a 2mm do colo dentário parece mais aconselhável, promovendo menor alteração de cor da coroa dentária.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predisposing factors for hypomineralization of second molars in children in primary dentition. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to parents to analyze predisposing factors and to assist in the diagnosis of hypomineralization in children between 2 and 6 years old, followed by an intraoral examination based on indices of non-fluorotic enamel defects in the primary dentition, according to the "Modified Index DDE" to determine demarcated opacity and HSPM presence / severity index to assess hypomineralization. Children from public and private schools were dived into two groups: if they presented HSPM-Group 1 (G1) and if they did not have HSPM-Control group (CG). Results: The most frequent predisposing factors associated with the child were Illness in the first year of life (X2= 6.49; p=0.01) and antibiotic use in the first year of life (X2= 41.82; p= 0.01). The factors associated with the mother were hypertension (X2= 9.36; p=0.01), infections during pregnancy (X2=14.80; p=0.01) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (X2=97.33; p=0.01). There was a prevalence of 3.9% of HSPM in 14 children, with statistical difference regarding gender (X2 = 4.57; p <0.05), with boys presenting a higher frequency. In G1 hypomineralization was of the type with demarcated opacity, with more prevalent characteristics the yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture and acceptable atypical restorations. All lesions were located in the labial region with 1/3 of extension. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in children between 2 and 6 years old was 3.9%, with a predominance in males, with tooth 65 being the most affected. There was an association between HSPM and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion. There was an association between HSPM and hypertension, infection and mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Tooth Demineralization , Dental Enamel , Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/epidemiology , AmelogenesisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Interventions for stroke rehabilitation aim to minimize sequelae, promote individuals' independence and potentially recover functional damage. The role of aerobic exercise as a facilitator of post-stroke neuroplasticity in humans is still questionable. Objective: To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity in patients with stroke sequelae. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and crossover studies was performed, with searches for human studies in the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS and PeDRO, only in English, following the PRISMA protocol. The keywords used for selecting articles were defined based on the PICO strategy. Results: This systematic review evaluated the impacts of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity through assessment of neural networks and neuronal excitability, neurotrophic factors, or cognitive and functional assessment. Studies that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke measured through functional resonance (fMRI) or cortical excitability have shown divergent results, but aerobic exercise potentially can modify the neural network, as measured through fMRI. Additionally, aerobic exercise combined with cognitive training improves certain cognitive domains linked to motor learning. Studies that involved analysis of neurotrophic factors to assess neuroplasticity had conflicting results. Conclusions: Physical exercise is a therapeutic intervention in rehabilitation programs that, beyond the known benefits relating to physical conditioning, functionality, mood and cardiovascular health, may also potentiate the neuroplasticity process. Neuroplasticity responses seem more robust in moderate to high-intensity exercise training programs, but dose-response heterogeneity and non-uniform neuroplasticity assessments limit generalizability.
RESUMO Antecedentes: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é a segunda causa principal de morte no mundo. Intervenções para reabilitação dos pacientes com AVC visam minimizar sequelas, promover sua independência e potencialmente recuperar danos funcionais. O papel do exercício aeróbico como facilitador da neuroplasticidade pós-AVC em humanos ainda é questionável. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto do exercício aeróbico na neuroplasticidade em pacientes com sequelas de AVC. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão sistemática de literatura, pesquisando nas seguintes bases de dados: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS e PeDRO. Foram selecionados trabalhos em língua inglesa, realizados apenas com humanos, seguindo o protocolo PRISMA. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a seleção de artigos foram definidas com base na estratégia PICO. Resultados: Esta revisão sistemática avaliou os impactos do exercício aeróbico na neuroplasticidade através da avaliação das redes neurais e da excitabilidade neuronal, por meio de fatores neurotróficos, por meio da avaliação cognitiva e funcional. Estudos que avaliaram os efeitos do exercício aeróbico sobre neuroplasticidade após o AVC medido através de ressonância funcional ou excitabilidade cortical, são controversos, mas há dados sugerindo uma modificação da rede neural na ressonância funcional após o exercício aeróbico. Há evidências de que, associar exercício aeróbico com treinamento cognitivo melhora certos domínios cognitivos ligados à aprendizagem motora. Estudos que envolveram a análise de fatores neurotróficos, como avaliação da neuroplasticidade, tiveram resultados conflitantes. Conclusões: Exercício aeróbico é uma intervenção terapêutica em programas de reabilitação, pois, além de proporcionar os benefícios no condicionamento físico, funcionalidade, humor e saúde cardiovascular, pode potencializar a neuroplasticidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Stroke , Stroke Rehabilitation , Exercise , Exercise Therapy , Neuronal PlasticityABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar modos de agir de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família na resolução de conflitos bioéticos, tomando como fundamento a teoria do agir comunicativo e a ética do discurso. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa com uma equipe de saúde da família, com observação, entrevistas e grupo focal. Os resultados mostram que, diante de conflitos, alguns profissionais agem visando o êxito pessoal, o que deixa o conflito sem solução, latente, fragmentando a equipe. Outros, no entanto, buscam o entendimento por meio do agir comunicativo, visando o êxito coletivo, que se traduz no cuidado do paciente. Quando não são resolvidos entre os intervenientes, os conflitos são levados a reuniões que estimulam o diálogo.
Abstract This study examines professionals' ways of acting in the resolution of bioethical conflicts with other professionals in Family Health Strategy teams, based on the Theory of Communicative Action and on Discourse Ethics. For this, a qualitative research was carried out involving observation, interviews and focus group. Faced with a bioethical conflict, some professionals act oriented towards individual success, which allows the conflict to remain latent, thus hindering primary care provision and causing a negative impact on team cohesion. Other professionals, however, use communicative action to seek understandings and agreements aiming at collective success in patient care. Conflicts not resolved between the actors are discussed in team meetings or general meetings, which stimulate team members to engage in communicative action for conflict resolution.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los modos de actuar de profesionales para resolución de conflictos bioéticos con otros profesionales de Estrategia de Salud Familiar, teniendo como fundamento la teoría de la acción comunicativa y la ética del discurso. La investigación cualitativa se realizó con un equipo de salud de la familia, con observación, entrevistas y grupo focal. Los resultados muestran que, frente a los conflictos, algunos profesionales actúan hacia el éxito personal, lo que deja el conflicto sin resolver, latente, fragmentando el equipo. Mediante del actuar comunicativo otros profesionales buscan un entendimiento y un acuerdo para el éxito colectivo que se traduce en el cuidado del paciente. Cuando no se resuelven entre los actores, los conflictos se llevan a reuniones que estimulan el diálogo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Care Team , Primary Health Care , Bioethics , Health Personnel , EthicsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas em crianças na dentição decídua e possíveis fatores etiológicos associados. Métodos:Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética CEP/UESPI (3.289.732), o estudo transversal foi realizado em 360 crianças com idade entre 2 a 6 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, divididas em dois grupos: G1 (com lesões cervicais) e G2 (sem lesões cervicais). Foi aplicado um questionário aos pais, seguido do exame clínico das crianças. Foram consideradas lesões detectadas pelo tato e visualmente. Foram realizadas avaliações das médias e dos desvios padrão para variáveis quantitativas. Obteve-se porcentagens e frequências, realizando-se análises de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas a partir do qui-quadrado e comparação da idade média a partir do teste t (p < 0,05). Resultados: Somente lesões do tipo abfração foram encontradas na amostra (5%) e os indivíduos de raça branca apresentaram uma maior prevalência em relação aos demais (55,5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001) e essas lesões foram identificadas somente em escolas privadas. Quanto ao sexo, em G1, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, (p = 0,01) com maior prevalência no masculino (66,7%). Os dentes mais acometidos em ordem decrescente foram os caninos e incisivos centrais superiores seguidos dos caninos e incisivos centrais inferiores. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas, do tipo abfração, em crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade foi de 5%, tendo sido encontradas somente em escolas privadas, com predominância no sexo masculino. Houve associação entre a abfração e o tipo de escova utilizada na escovação dentária, apresentando maior frequência de lesões quando escovas duras eram utilizadas e escovação forte era executada.
Aim:To determine the prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in children in the primary dentition and possible associated etiological factors. Method: After approval by the Ethics Committee - CEP / UESPI (3,289,732) this cross-sectional study was carried out on 360 children, from 2 to 6 years of age, from public and private schools, divided into two groups: G1 (with cervical lesions) and G2 (without cervical lesions). A questionnaire was applied to the parents, followed by the children's clinical examination. Lesions detected by touch and visually were considered. Evaluations of means and standard deviations were performed for quantitative variables. Percentages and frequencies were obtained, analyzing the association between qualitative variables based on the chi-square test and comparing the average age using the t test (p < 0.05). Results:Only abfraction-type lesions were found in the sample (5%), and white individuals presented a higher prevalence in relation to the others (55.5%). There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001), and these lesions were found only in private schools. As for sex, in G1, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) with a higher prevalence in males (66.7%). The most affected teeth in decreasing order were the canines and upper central incisors, followed by the canines and lower central incisors. Conclusion: The prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions of the abfraction type in children from 2 to 6 years of age was 5%, which was only found in private schools, with a predominance in males. An association was found between the abfraction and the type of brush used in toothbrushing, with a higher frequency of lesions when hard brushes were used and strong brushing was performed.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Tooth Abrasion , Tooth, Deciduous , Tooth Erosion , Dental Care for Children , Neck Injuries , Dentistry, Operative , Tooth WearABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the moral values that nursing teachers and students consider important for vocational training with those they believe are promoted throughout undergraduate study. Method: a qualitative research; an ethnographic study conducted at a public nursing school in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in 2018, involving 40 interviews with teachers and students and a participant observation phase. Results: the moral values that teachers and students consider important for vocational training, as well as those that are promoted, converge on prudence, respect, responsibility, and empathy. It is noteworthy that the knowledge was much cited by the respondents and this article interpreted it as prudence. However, in relation to the values promoted during undergraduation, students warn that these are stimulated when referring to the binomial student-user of health, because they do not feel to the same intensity the presence of these moral values in the teacher-student relationship. Conclusion: a powerful strategy for teaching about moral values is to promote the care of their own students, teachers and staff. In this way, mismatches are avoided between what is said and what is done by experiencing values such as prudence, respect, responsibility and empathy within interpersonal relationships and in the daily life of the school.
RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los valores morales que los profesores y estudiantes de enfermería consideran importantes para la formación profesional con los que creen que se promueven a lo largo de la carrera de grado. Método: investigación cualitativa; un estudio etnográfico realizado en el año 2018 en una facultad pública de enfermería del estado de Río de Janeiro, por medio de 40 entrevistas con profesores y estudiantes y una fase de observación de los participantes. Resultados: los valores morales que los profesores y estudiantes evalúan como importantes para la formación profesional, al igual como los que se promueven, convergen en la prudencia, el respeto, la responsabilidad y la empatía. Cabe destacar que el conocimiento fue muy citado por los entrevistados y, en este artículo, se lo interpretó como prudencia. Pese a ello, en relación con los valores promovidos a lo largo de la carrera de grado, los estudiantes manifiestan que se los fomenta cuando se refieren al binomio estudiante-usuario de servicios de salud, puesto que no sienten con la misma intensidad la presencia de estos valores en la relación profesor-estudiante. Conclusión: estamos frente a una poderosa estrategia para enseñar sobre los valores morales y promover el cuidado de sus propios estudiantes, profesores y personal administrativo. De esta manera, se evitan desencuentros entre lo que se dice y lo que se hace al respetar valores como la prudencia, el respeto, la responsabilidad y la empatía dentro de las relaciones interpersonales y en la vida cotidiana de la facultad.
RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os valores morais que professores e estudantes de enfermagem consideram importantes para a formação profissional com aqueles que eles acreditam que são promovidos ao longo da graduação. Método: pesquisa qualitativa; um estudo etnográfico realizado em uma faculdade pública de enfermagem do estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 2018, envolvendo 40 entrevistas com professores e estudantes e uma fase de observação participante. Resultados: os valores morais que os professores e estudantes avaliam ser importantes para a formação profissional, bem como aqueles que são promovidos, convergem para a prudência, o respeito, a responsabilidade e a empatia. Vale destacar que o conhecimento foi muito citado pelos entrevistados e, este artigo, interpretou-o como prudência. Todavia, em relação aos valores promovidos ao longo da graduação, os estudantes alertam que estes são estimulados quando referem-se ao binômio estudante-usuário de saúde, pois não sentem na mesma intensidade a presença desses valores morais na relação professor-estudante. Conclusão: uma potente estratégia para ensinar sobre os valores morais é promover o cuidado dos seus próprios estudantes, professores e funcionários. Dessa maneira, evitam-se desencontros entre o que se diz e o que se faz ao vivenciar os valores como a prudência, o respeito, a responsabilidade e a empatia dentro das relações interpessoais e no cotidiano da faculdade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Ethical Theory , Ethics , Morale , Students, Nursing , Teaching , Nursing , Qualitative Research , Education, Nursing , Ethics, Nursing , Faculty , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
This study compared the quality of life, sleep quality, eating attitudes, and psychological aspects among adults (22.93 ± 2.58 years), whether physically inactive or not, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were enrolled into: home-based exercise during the confinement (HBE group, n = 34), physically inactive during (PIDC group, n = 28), and before the confinement (PIBC group, n = 27). The depression, anxiety, and stress scale - Short Form, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, the Eating Attitudes Test, and the quality of life questionnaire were used to assess var-iables. The covariance analysis (covariable - gender) was used to compare variables among the groups. The effect size was calculated by Cohen "d" (ESd). The HBE group presented a better quality of life compared to both PIDC (p = 0.002, ESd = 1.26) and PIBC (p = 0.008, ESd = 1.00) groups. Anxiety (p = 0.004, ESd = 0.96), depression (p = 0.02, ESd = 0.65) and stress (p = 0.02, ESd = 0.72) were significantly higher in the PIDC group when compared to HBE group. Self-reported sleep quality was better in the HBE group than in both other groups (p < 0.05). No group presented eating disorder symptoms; however, the HBE group has shown higher scores compared to both PIBC group (p = 0.01). In conclusion, adults who had exercised at home during the COVID-19 pandemic presented better quality of life, self-reported sleep quality, and reduced anxiety, depression, and stress levels than those physically inactive ones before and during the pandemic
Este estudo comparou a qualidade de vida, qualidade subjetiva do sono, atitudes alimentares e aspectos psicológicos em adultos (22,93 ± 2,58 anos), fisicamente inativos ou não, antes e durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Os participantes foram divididos em: exercícios domiciliares durante o confinamento (grupo EDDC, n = 34), fisicamente inativos durante (grupo FIDC, n = 28) e antes do confinamento (grupo FIAC, n = 27). A escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse versão curta, índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh, teste de atitudes alimentares e o questionário de qualidade de vida foram utilizados para avaliar variáveis. A análise de covariância (covariável gênero) foi utilizada para comparar os grupos. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado por Cohen "d " (ESd). O grupo EDDC apresentou uma melhor qualidade de vida em comparação aos grupos FIDC (p = 0,002, ESd = 1,26) e FIAC (p = 0,008, ESd = 1,00). Ansiedade (p = 0,004, ESd = 0,96), depressão (p = 0,02, ESd = 0,65) e estresse (p = 0,02, ESd = 0,72) foram significativamente maiores no grupo FIDC quando comparados ao EDDC. A qualidade do sono subjetiva foi melhor no EDDC do que nos outros grupos (p < 0,05). Nenhum grupo apresentou sintomas de transtorno alimentar; entretanto, o grupo EDDC mostrou escores maiores em comparação ao FIAC (p = 0,01). Em conclusão, adultos que se exercitaram em casa durante a pandemia do COVID-19 apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida, qualidade subjetiva de sono e níveis reduzidos de ansiedade, depressão e estresse do que aqueles fisicamente inativos
Subject(s)
Psychology , Health , Coronavirus , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a origem e os problemas bioéticos que emergem no processo de trabalho entre equipes em uma unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Esta investigação qualitativa conta com três etapas de operacionalização: etnografía, entrevista e grupo focal. O principal problema bioético encontrado, que compromete a produção do cuidado nesse nível de atenção, é a falta de solidariedade entre os profissionais das equipes e destes com os pacientes que não pertencem ao setor do território sob a sua responsabilidade. As razões desse problema bioético estão associadas à cobrança da gestão municipal para o incremento da produção e o alcance de metas, à falta de valorização dos trabalhadores das equipes e dos esforços empreendidos por eles no trabalho por parte da gestão e à estima assimétrica. Nesse sentido, a Bioética, no contexto da saúde pública, volta-se para a compreensão e discussão dos problemas vivenciados a fim de estabelecer um quadro de consciência moral e agir ético. Em determinados momentos, para a efetividade de uma equipe, é necessário o aporte solidário das outras, concretizado pelo reconhecimento de pertença a essa produção.
Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze the origin and the bioethical problems arising in the work process amongst teams in a Primary Health Care unit in Brazil. This qualitative research has three stages of operationalization: ethnography, interview, and focus group. The main bioethical problem found, which compromises the production of care at this level, is the lack of solidarity amongst the professionals in the teams and with the patients who do not belong to the sector of the territory under their responsibility. The reasons for this bioethical problem are associated with municipal management collection to increase production and the achievement of goals, the little appreciation for the team workers and their efforts at the job from the management and an asymmetric esteem. In this sense, bioethics in the context of public health becomes understanding and discussing the problems experienced to establish a framework of moral conscience and ethical action. At certain moments, a solidarity contribution from others, materialized in the recognition of being part of that production, is necessary for the effectiveness of a team.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el origen y los problemas bioéticos que emergen en el proceso de trabajo entre equipos en una unidad de Atención Primaria a la Salud en Brasil. Esta investigación cualitativa cuenta con tres etapas de operacionalización: etnografía, entrevista y grupo focal. El principal problema bioético encontrado, que compromete la producción del cuidado en ese nivel de atención, es la falta de solidaridad entre los profesionales de los equipos y de esos hacia los pacientes que no pertenecen al sector del territorio bajo su responsabilidad. Las razones de este problema bioético están asociadas al cobro de la gestión municipal para el incremento de la producción y el alcance de metas, a la falta de valoración de los trabajadores de los equipos y de los esfuerzos emprendidos por ellos en el trabajo por parte de la gestión y la estima asimétrica. En este sentido, la bioética en el contexto de la salud pública se convierte en comprender y discutir los problemas experimentados para establecer un marco de conciencia moral y acción ética. En determinados momentos, para la efectividad de un equipo es necesario el aporte solidario de los otros, concretado por el reconocimiento de pertenencia a esa producción.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Labor Relations , Ethics , Health ServicesABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar produções acadêmicas sobre o fluxo migratório no esporte. O alicerce foi construído baseado no modelo PRISMA: identificação das obras através da seleção bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs, Google acadêmico e Portal Brasileiro de História, utilizando as palavras-chave "migração nos esportes" e "fluxo migratório nos esportes"; realização de leitura exploratória para seleção; elegibilidade através de leitura analítica; e, de posse dos dados organizados, inclusão dos textos na análise qualitativa. Os resultados apontam que os estudos de migração esportivas estão pautadas na visão Marxistas. Quanto aos esportes, encontramos a classificação do status momentâneo dos atletas. Outros fatores: padrões linguísticos; nível esportivo do país de destino e; número de jogadores compatriotas. Concluímos que, além das análises socioculturais, poucos trabalhos buscam relacionar desempenho e migração. Acreditamos que estudos dessa relação podem elucidar outras questões.
The Aim of this study was analyze the academic productions about migratory flow in the sports. The foundation was build based on PRISMA model: identification of the Works in the data basis Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs, Google scholar and Brazilian Portal of History; realization of the exploratory reading to select; elegibility through the analytical Reading; and inclusion the texts in the qualitative analysis. The results points the work of sportive migration are ruled by Marxist vision. Others factors: language patterns; sportive level at the destiny country and, number of countryman players. We concluded, beyond sociocultural analysis, few works search the relation of performance and migration. We believe that studies about this relation can be enlighten other questions.
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar producciones académicas sobre el flujo migratorio en el deporte. El cimiento fue construido basado en el modelo prisma: identificación de las obras en las bases scielo, pubmed, lilacs, google académico y portal brasileño de historia; realización de lectura exploratoria para selección; elegibilidad mediante lectura analítica y; la inclusión de los textos en el análisis cualitativo. Los resultados apuntan que los estudios de migración deportiva están pautados en la visión marxistas. Otros factores: patrones lingüísticos; nivel deportivo del país de destino y; número de jugadores compatriotas. Concluimos que, además de los análisis socioculturales, pocos trabajos buscan relacionar desempeño y migración. Creemos que los estudios de esta relación pueden aclarar otras cuestiones.
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Abstract Rationale There is a lack of consistent national data on the evaluation of the epidemiological profile of patients with anal fistula. Objective To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with anal fistula at a center specialized in coloproctology. Method A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out between 2016 and 2018 of patients who underwent surgical procedures for the treatment of fistula in ano by the Department of Coloproctology of the Regional Hospital of Mato Grosso do Sul. Age, gender, disease duration, number of procedures, association with Crohn's disease and other comorbidities were evaluated. The data were tabulated and submitted to statistical treatment considering p < 0.05. Results 93.2% of the patients were less than 60 years old, 66.7% were male, 88.9% had the disease less than one year, the most frequent procedures were fistulotomy (55.6%) and fistulectomy (36.8%), with a greater percentage of patients having undergone only one procedure (74.4%), 8.5% had Crohn's disease, 7.7% systemic hypertension and 3.4% had diabetes mellitus. Conclusion In the studied group, there was a predominance of anal fistulae in men under 60 years old and without comorbidities, diagnosed for up to one year, most of them submitted to fistulotomy or fistulectomy at one time. Patients operated after one year of illness and also those with Crohn's disease were submitted mainly to curettage + seton and multiple procedures.
Resumo Racional Faltam dados nacionais sobre a avaliação do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fístula anal. Objetivo Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de fístula anal em um centro especializado em coloproctologia. Método Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, realizado no período de 2016 a 2018 dos pacientes que realizaram procedimentos cirúrgicos para o tratamento da fístula anal pelo serviço de Coloproctologia do Hospital Regional de Mato Grosso do Sul. Avaliou-se idade, gênero, tempo de doença, procedimento realizado, número de procedimentos, associação com doença de Crohn e outras comorbidades. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a tratamento estatístico considerando-se significativo p < 0,05. Resultados 93,2% dos pacientes tinham menos de 60 anos, 66,7% eram do gênero masculino, 88,9% tinham a doença a menos de um ano, os procedimentos mais realizados foram a fistulotomia (55,6%) e a fistulectomia (36,8%, sendo que um percentual maior de pacientes havia sido submetido a apenas um procedimento (74,4%); 8,5% tinham doença, 7,7% hipertensão arterial sistêmica e 3,4% diabetes mellitus. Conclusão Na amostra estudada houve predomínio de fístulas anais em homens com menos de 60 anos e sem comorbidades, com diagnóstico de até um ano, a maioria submetida à fistulotomia ou fistulectomia em um tempo. Pacientes operados após um ano de doença e também os com Doença de Crohn foram submetidos principalmente à curetagem + sedenho e múltiplos procedimentos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Rectal Fistula/surgery , Rectal Fistula/epidemiology , Crohn Disease/complications , ComorbidityABSTRACT
Abstract Aims: The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the 3- and 6-substitution rule and qualification round on substitution pattern, game statistics, win rate, and winning probability in Brazil's largest U-20 football tournament. Methods: We analyzed 1,339 matches from the São Paulo Junior Football Cup implementing a before-after design considering 6 years (three seasons for 3-subs and three for 6-subs). Results: Approximately 31% of teams used the total number of replacements of 6-subs with the same substitution pattern between rounds. The win rate for both substitution rules was approximately 79% (OR = 3.10, 95%CI [2.18, 4.51]) with a small reduced magnitude (approximately 5%) in 6-subs knockout games. Logistic regression analysis showed that the 6-subs regulation tournament predicted a reduced probability (-12%) of a match ending with a win in the knockout round. There were 6-subs knockout effects (p < 0.05) on game statistics with "negligible" effect size (ES) on "effective playing time" (+1 min; ES = 0.15); decreased "goal scoring" (-0.3;ES = 0.09) and "red cards" per match (-0.1; ES = 0.06). An ordered probit model and partial effects showed that including a replacement unit on a team increased the winning probability by 8% in the group stage, and reduced the chance (-4%) for the opponents trying to do the same in the knockout stage. Conclusion: Overall, 6-subs caused minor effects on the game statistics, win rate, and winning probability. Understanding substitution strategies and motivation, individual and collective performance effects, and whether there will be changes in the game profile will become relevant research issues when a greater number of substitutions rules are universally instituted.
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Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in children between 2 to 6 years old in primary dentition in a public school (A1) and a private school (A2) in the state of Piauí. Method: It was cross-sectional and quantitative study in 370 participants, 180 in A1 and 190 in A2. The questionnaire to help diagnose bruxism was applied to parents. In the clinical examination, dental wear was evaluated, checking for the presence of shiny and polished facets on deciduous incisors and / or molars (palatal surface, incisal edges and working cusps) and the results were noted in the odontogram. Students who had bruxism participated in group 1 (G1) and those who did not have it were in the control group (CG) in both A1 and A2. Results: One hundred and five children had sleep bruxism. Tooth wear was more prevalent in the male gender. Both in A1 and in A2 and in both genders, wear on primary molars was more frequent than in canines. Conclusion: The prevalence of bruxism in children between 2 and 6 years of age was 28.3%, with a predominance in males. There was an association between sleep bruxism and the habit of sucking a finger, pacifier, bottle use and the habit of awake bruxism. In 98.09% of the children who had sleep bruxism, teeth pain was found
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Tooth, Deciduous , Child , Child, Preschool , Sleep Bruxism/epidemiologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o sistema de ranqueamento do voleibol brasileiro e suas consequências na formação das equipes participantes. A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, utilizando como estratégia a análise documental. Os resultados exploram as justificativas para implantação do ranking dos atletas; o sistema de pontuação e suas consequências na composição das equipes; e as demandas recentes que têm feito a discussão ganhar contornos polêmicos. Concluise que o sistema vigente apresenta forte mecanismo restritivo na carreira de atletas nacionais e estrangeiros e somente com a constante atualização dos critérios atuais é que poderá se dinamizar os campeonatos nacionais formados por clubes e empresas dedicados ao esporte
This article analyzes Brazilian volleyball's ranking system and its impacts on the make-up of participating teams. Its methodology is qualitative, descriptive, using documentary analysis as its strategy. The results explore the reasons for implementing the athlete ranking; the scoring system and its consequences on the make-up of teams; and the recent demands that made the discussion controversial. It concludes that the current system is strongly restrictive for Brazilian and foreign athletes' careers and only constant updating of the current criteria can dynamize Brazilian championships formed by clubs and companies dedicated to volleyball
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el sistema de ranking del voleibol brasileño y sus consecuencias en la formación de los equipos. La metodología es de naturaleza cualitativa, del tipo descriptivo, utilizando como estrategia el análisis documental. Los resultados exploran las justificaciones para la implantación del ranking de los atletas; el sistema de puntuación y sus consecuencias en la composición de los equipos; y las demandas recientes que han hecho que la discusión gane contornos polémicos. Se concluye que el sistema vigente presenta un fuerte mecanismo restrictivo en la carrera de atletas nacionales y extranjeros y solo con la constante actualización de los criterios actuales será posible dinamizar los campeonatos nacionales formados por clubes y empresas dedicados al deporte