ABSTRACT
Rice is the main food crop for people in low- and lower-middle-income countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since 1982, there has been a significant increase in the demand for rice in SSA, and its growing importance is reflected in the national strategic food security plans of several countries in the region. However, several abiotic and biotic factors undermine efforts to meet this demand. Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) caused by Solemoviridae is a major biotic factor affecting rice production and continues to be an important pathogen in SSA. To date, six pathogenic strains have been reported. RYMV infects rice plants through wounds and rice feeding vectors. Once inside the plant cells, viral genome-linked protein is required to bind to the rice translation initiation factor [eIF(iso)4G1] for a compatible interaction. The development of resistant cultivars that can interrupt this interaction is the most effective method to manage this disease. Three resistance genes are recognized to limit RYMV virulence in rice, some of which have nonsynonymous single mutations or short deletions in the core domain of eIF(iso)4G1 that impair viral host interaction. However, deployment of these resistance genes using conventional methods has proved slow and tedious. Molecular approaches are expected to be an alternative to facilitate gene introgression and/or pyramiding and rapid deployment of these resistance genes into elite cultivars. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on molecular genetics of RYMV-rice interaction, with emphasis on host plant resistance. In addition, we provide strategies for sustainable utilization of the novel resistant sources. This knowledge is expected to guide breeding programs in the development and deployment of RYMV resistant rice varieties.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade das webconferências educativas na prevenção e combate à dengue, ao compará-las com a modalidade presencial de educação em saúde. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 50 alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio de escola pública do município de Itacoatiara, distante 300 quilômetros de Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo que o primeiro grupo participou de palestras presenciais e o segundo grupo participou de palestras por webconferência sobre o tema da prevenção e combate à dengue. Foram aplicados testes pré e pós-exposições e calculados os índices de rendimento de ambos os grupos. Resultados: Verificou-se que o grupo que participou das webconferências obteve rendimentos pós-teste de 82,8% e o outro grupo obteve rendimento de 78,6%. Conclusões: A Telessaúde, por meio de webconferência possui efetividade no processo de educação em Saúde e, uma vez utilizada em escala, pode contribuir com eficácia para o combate e prevenção da dengue no estado do Amazonas...
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of educational web conferences in preventing and combating dengue by comparing them with the face modality of health education. Methods: Participants were 50 students of the 3rd year of high school to public school in Itacoatiara, distant 300 km from Manaus, capital of Amazonas state. The participants were divided into two groups: the first group participated in lectures and the second group attended lectures by web conference on the topic of prevention and fight against dengue. Tests were performed before and after exposures and calculated the rates of return of both groups. Results: It was found that the group who participated in the web conferencing earned income post-test 82.8% and the other group received 78.6% yield. Conclusions: Telehealth through web conferencing has effectiveness in the process of health education and once used scale, can contribute effectively to the fight and prevention of dengue in the state of Amazonas...
Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la educación mediadas por conferencias web en la prevención y la lucha contra el dengue mediante la comparación con la modalidad presencial de la educación sanitaria. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 50 estudiantes del 3er año de la escuela secundaria a la escuela pública de Itacoatiara, ciudad distante 300 kilómetros de Manaus, capital del estado de Amazonas. Los participantes fueron divididos en dos grupos: el primer grupo participó en conferencias presenciales y el segundo grupo asistió a conferencias web sobre el tema de la prevención y lucha contra el dengue. Las pruebas se realizaron pré y post-exposición con el fin de calcular el rendimiento de ambos grupos. Resultados: Se encontró que el grupo que participó en la conferencia web tuvo um rendimento posterior a las pruebas de el 82,8% y el otro grupo recibió un rendimiento del 78,6%. Conclusiones: Telemedicina a través de conferencias web tiene eficacia en el proceso de educación para la salud y una vez aplicada en escala, puede contribuir eficazmente a la lucha y prevención del dengue en el estado de Amazonas...