ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The gold standard for diagnosis and immediate therapy of bladder cancer is a transurethral resection (TURB) followed by histopathologic evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of visual diagnosis by the operating urologist concerning dignity (malignant/benign) and staging compared to histopathologic evaluation. This is especially crucial since early mitomycin C instillation is based on the urologist's first impression. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective study included 311 cases of TURB from five German institutions. Surgeons were asked to estimate dignity of the neoplasm, tumor stage, and grade according to a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The subjective estimation/visual diagnosis of the operating urologist achieved a sensitivity with respect to identifying malignant tumors as such of 97%, while specificity was only 41%. Accordingly, the positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were 76% and 88%, respectively. In general, muscle invasive cancer was predicted more often than confirmed by pathology (PPV 52%). However, whenever muscle invasive cancer was excluded by the urologist, this was confirmed by the pathologist in most the cases (NPV 95%). The educational degree did not influence the reliability and predictive value of visual diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This study shows that urologists cannot reliably distinguish benign from malignant lesions of bladder mucosa-regardless of their educational degree. A reliable diagnosis of a pathologist is definitely needed to plan final therapeutic steps.
Subject(s)
Cystoscopy/methods , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Physical Examination/methods , Urethra , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Clinical Competence , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Due to a worldwide rise of incidence, urolithiasis presents an increasing strain on the health system. Ureterorenoscopy (URS) is a standard treatment to extract stones in case of ureteral calculi. To increase the success rate of URS and to minimize complications, preoperative ureteral stenting (prestenting) has previously been described as suitable. However, published data are still conflicting. This article describes our single-center experience on the influence of prestenting on the outcome of ureterorenoscopic stone therapy. METHODS: A total of 442 patients who had undergone ureterorenoscopic stone extraction at the Wolfsburg Clinic between 2010 and 2011 were retrospectively evaluated regarding peri- and postoperative results. The Fisher's exact, the χ(2), and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the group of patients with and without prestenting. RESULTS: Even though patients with prestenting suffered from stones with larger diameter that were more frequently located in the proximal ureter, the rates for postoperative stenting, perioperative complications, and retreatment were much lower then in the group of patients without prestenting (p<0.001). Furthermore, patients who had received prestenting had a significantly shorter hospital stay (median, 3 vs. 2 days, p<0.001) and higher rates of stone clearance (83.0 vs. 69.7%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: According to our retrospective monocentric analysis, prestenting may significantly reduce the risk of complications as well as intra-/post-URS restenting and can increase the rate of complete stone clearance.