ABSTRACT
CONTEXT.: Serologic tests on automated immunology analyzers are increasingly used to monitor acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The heterogeneity of assays raises concerns about their diagnostic performance and comparability. OBJECTIVE.: To test sera from formerly infected individuals for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by using 6 automated serology assays and a pseudoneutralization test (PNT). DESIGN.: Six SARS-CoV-2 serology assays were used to assess 954 samples collected during a 12-month period from 315 COVID-19 convalescents. The tests determined either antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid (anti-NC) or spike protein (anti-S). Two assays did not distinguish between antibody classes, whereas the others selectively measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. PNT was used to detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS.: Comparison of qualitative results showed only slight to moderate concordance between the assays (Cohen κ < 0.57). Significant correlations (P < .001) were observed between the antibody titers from all quantitative assays. However, titer changes were not detected equally. A total anti-S assay measured an increase in 128 of 172 cases (74%) of a suitable subset, whereas all IgG anti-S tests reported decreases in at least 118 (69%). Regarding the PNT results, diagnostic sensitivities of 89% or greater were achieved with positive predictive values of at least 93%. In contrast, specificity changed substantially over time, varying from 20% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS.: Comparability of serologic SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests is rather poor. Owing to different diagnostic specificities, the tested assays were not equally capable of capturing changes in antibody titers. However, with thoroughly validated cutoffs, IgG-selective anti-S assays are a reliable surrogate test for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in former COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, Viral , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy , Humans , Immunization, Passive , Immunoglobulin G , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , COVID-19 SerotherapyABSTRACT
Research infrastructures remain the key for state-of-the-art and successful research. In the last few decades, biobanks have become increasingly important in this field through standardization of biospecimen processing, sample storage, and standardized data management. Research infrastructure in cohort studies and other sample collection activities are currently experiencing a lack of long-term funding. In this article, the Biobank Graz discusses these aspects of sustainability including the definition of sustainability and necessity of a business plan, as well as cost calculation model in the field of biobanking. The economic state, critical success factors, and important operational issues are reviewed and described by the authors, using the example of the Biobank Graz. Sustainability in the field of biobanking is a globally important matter of necessity, starting from policy making and ending with security and documentation on each operational level.
