Influences of a Supplemental Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (ß2 Agonist) on Growth Performance and Carcass Measures of Feedlot Lambs Finished under Conditions of High Ambient Temperature.

Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin male intact lambs (25.12 ± 3.79 kg LW) were used in a 70-d growing-finishing trial. Dietary treatments consisted of total mixed corn-based diet supplemented with: (1) no feed additives (Control); (2) 150 mg of essential oils blend plus 0.10 mg of 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3/kg diet offered throughout the 70-d experimental period (EOD3); (3) Control diet fed during the first 35 days and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation at 6 mg/kg diet offered during the final 35 days of the experiment (32 days with ZH with a withdrawal 3-d before harvest), and (4) basal diet supplemented with EOD3 during first 35 days finishing, and EOD3 in combination with ZH (EOD3 + ZH) during the subsequent 32-days with ZH withdrawal 3 days before harvest. The temperature-humidity index during the experiment averaged 80.4 ± 3.2. There were no treatment interactions (p > 0.20) on growth performance and carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 did not affect (p = 0.43) dry matter intake (DMI), but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted average daily gain (ADG, 9.2%), gain efficiency (GF, 6.7%), and observed vs. expected dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm, 4.8%) and for gain (NEg, 6.4%). Supplemental ZH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.50) but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted ADG (14.5%), GF (13%) and observed vs. expected dietary NEm (9%) and NEg (11.7%). Compared to control lambs, the combination of both additives increased ADG (24.9%), GF (21.2%), and observed vs. expected dietary NEm and NEg (14.2% and 18.9%, respectively). There were no treatment interactions on carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, or on gene expression of IGF1, IGF2 and mTOR in longissimus muscle (LM). Supplemental EOD3 increased hot carcass weight (HCW; 4.0%, p < 0.01) but did not affect other carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 decreased (3%, p = 0.03) intestine mass weight (g intestine/kg empty body weight). Supplemental ZH increased HCW (6%, p < 0.01), dressing percentage (1.7%, p = 0.04), and LM area (9.7%, p < 0.01), and decreased kidney-pelvic-fat percentage (16.2%, p < 0.01), fat thickness (14.7%, p = 0.03), and visceral fat. Compared to controls, the combination of EOD3 with ZH increased HCW (10.2%). It is concluded that growth performance responses to supplemental EOD3 and ZH are additive. Both supplements can be fed in combination without detrimental effects on expected benefits when fed separately. In addition, ZH supplementation improves carcass traits.

Effect of particle size of zeolite clay included in high-energy diets for feedlot lambs: Growth performance, dietary energy, carcass traits, and visceral mass.

Objective: Several reports on the effects of zeolite (ZEO) inclusion in diets for feedlot lamb diets have indicated improvements in dietary energy efficiency and decreases in internal fat. Inclusion levels and the type of zeolite used have been the main focus of those reports. However, the possible effect of the zeolite particle size on the growth performance and carcass characteristics has not yet been investigated. Material and Methods: Forty-eight male intact Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs were fed for 67 days with a high-energy diet supplemented with ZEO as follows: 1) basal diet 0% ZEO (control); 2) basal diet 3% ZEO particle size 250 µM (sieve 60); 3) basal diet 3% ZEO particle size 149 µM (sieve 100); and 4) basal diet 3% ZEO particle size 74 µM (sieve 200). ZEO replaced corn grain and soybean meal in equal parts. At the end of feeding, lambs were slaughtered, and variables such as carcass characteristics and visceral mass were evaluated. Results: Particle size did not affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, or visceral mass. The inclusion of ZEO reduced 3.4% of dietary net energy in diets but did not affect dry matter intake or average daily gain, thus improving (p ≤ 0.05) dietary energy efficiency by 2.9%. Except for an 18.9% reduction (p = 0.02) in visceral mass fat, ZEO did not affect other carcass characteristics or visceral organ mass. Conclusion: The particle size studied in the present experiment has not affected any of the variables of growth performance or carcass characteristics. ZEO inclusion could be a strategy to reduce the visceral fat in finishing lambs.

Removal of contaminants of emerging concern from the supernatant of anaerobically digested sludge by O3 and O3/H2O2: Ozone requirements, effects of the matrix, and toxicity.

Digestate is a rich source of nutrients that can be applied in agricultural fields as fertilizer or irrigation water. However, most of the research about application of digestate have focused on its agronomic properties and neglected the potential harm of the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Aadvanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proved to be effective for removing these compounds from drinking water, yet there are some constrains to treat wastewater and digestate mainly due to their complex matrix. In this study, the feasibility to remove different CECs from digestate using O3 and O3/H2O2 was assessed, and the general effect of the matrix in the oxidation was explained. While the lab-scale ozonation provided an ozone dose of 1.49 mg O3/mg DOC in 5 h treatment, almost all the compounds were removed at a lower ozone dose of maximum 0.48 mg O3/mg DOC; only ibuprofen required a higher dose of 1.1 mg O3/mg DOC to be oxidized. The digestate matrix slowed down the kinetic ozonation rate to approximately 1% compared to the removal rate in demineralized water. The combined treatment (O3/H2O2) showed the additional contribution of H2O2 by decreasing the ozone demand by 59-75% for all the compounds. The acute toxicity of the digestate, measured by the inhibition of Vibrio fisheries luminescence, decreased by 18.1% during 5 h ozonation, and by 34% during 5 h O3/H2O2 treatment. Despite the high ozone consumption, the ozone dose (mg O3/mg DOC) required to remove all CECs from digestate supernatant was in the range or lower than what has been reported for other (waste-)water matrix, implying that ozonation can be considered as a post-AD treatment to produce cleaner stream for agricultural purposes.

Case report: Accelerated regression of giant cardiac rhabdomyomas in neonates with low dose everolimus.

Cardiac rhabdomyoma (CRHM) is the principal cardiac tumor in children and is most often associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes cause the overactivation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). This protein family is responsible for abnormal cell proliferation leading to the formation of CRHMs and hamartomas in other organs. Despite the tendency for spontaneous regression, some CRHMs can cause heart failure and intractable arrhythmias, requiring surgical resection. In recent years, the use of everolimus and sirolimus (mTOR inhibitors) in the treatment of CRHMs has been reported. We report two cases of neonates with giant rhabdomyomas, with hemodynamic repercussions treated with low-dose everolimus (4.5 mg/m2/week). In both cases, we obtained an approximate decrease of 50% in the total area of the mass after three weeks of treatment. Despite rebound growth after stopping the drug, we were able to evidence that the use of low doses of everolimus immediately after birth is effective and safe in the treatment of giant CRHMs, avoiding surgical resection of the tumor and associated morbidity and mortality.

Putative metabolism of Ca. Accumulibacter via the utilization of glucose.

Ca. Accumulibacter was the predominant microorganism (relative FISH bio-abundance of 67 ± 5%) in a lab-scale sequential batch reactor that accomplished enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) while using glucose and acetate as the carbon sources (1:1 COD-based ratio). Both organic compounds were completely anaerobically consumed. The reactor's performance in terms of P/C ratio, phosphorous release and uptake, and overall kinetic and stoichiometric parameters were on the high end of the reported spectrum for EBPR systems (100:9.3 net mg phosphate removal per mg COD consumed when using glucose and acetate in a 1:1 ratio). The batch tests showed that, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a reactor enriched with Ca. Accumulibacter can putatively utilize glucose as the sole carbon source to biologically remove phosphate (COD:P (mg/mg) removal ratio of 100:6.3 when using only glucose). Thus, this research proposes that Ca. Accumulibacter directly anaerobically stored the fed glucose primarily as glycogen by utilizing the ATP provided via the hydrolysis of poly-P and secondarily as PHA by balancing its ATP utilization (glycogen generation) and formation (PHA storage). Alternative hypotheses are also discussed. The reported findings could challenge the conventional theories of glucose assimilation by Ca. Accumulibacter, and can be of significance for the biological removal of phosphorus from wastewaters with high contents of fermentable compounds or low VFAs.

Volatile fatty acid production from food waste: The effect of retention time and lipid content.

The bioconversion of food waste to renewable products has an important role in alleviating the environmental burden of food wastage. This study evaluates the effect of solids retention time (1.5, 4, and 7 days) and lipid content (up to 30 % DS) on the solid's destruction efficiency and VFA yield from food waste fermentation. Although SRT below 4 days and lipid content beyond 20 % reduced the solids destruction efficiency (SRT -12 %, lipids -13 %), the VFA yield improved (SRT 0.36 to 0.48 g CODVFA/TCODFED; lipids 0.17 to 0.39 g CODVFA/TCODFED). This appeared to be a mechanism of improved acidification which doubled to 0.77 gCODVFA/g SCOD at 1.5-day SRT. The introduction of easily degradable organics in waste oils and methanogen inhibition by LCFAs were likely causes of process instability when lipids >20 %. Further research is needed considering the COD fractionation of the feed to maximize recoverable products on a commercial scale.

Comparing Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 Versus Monensin Plus Virginiamycin Combination in Finishing Feedlot Cattle: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, and Carcass Traits.

Ninety crossbreed bulls (349.5 ± 8.25 kg initial weight) were used in an 87day trial to compare the effects of a blend of essential oils plus 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3 (EO + HyD) versus the combination of monensin with virginiamycin (MON + VM) on feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments (nine replicates/treatment) were supplemented with 40 mg/kg diet dry matter of MON + VM (equal parts) or with 120.12 mg/kg diet dry matter of a combination of standardized mixture of essential oils (120 mg) plus 0.12 mg of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 (EO + HyD). There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.63). However, the coefficient of variation in day-to-day DMI was greater for EO + HyD than for MON + VM (11.4% vs. 3.88%, p = 0.04). There were no treatment effects (p ≥ 0.17) on daily weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and estimated dietary net energy. Cattle supplemented with EO + HyD had greater Longissimus muscle area (7.9%, p < 0.01) and estimated retail yield (1.6%, p = 0.03), and tended to have heavier (1.7%, p = 0.10) carcass weight. Differences among treatments in dressing percentage, fat thickness, kidney−pelvic−heart fat, and marbling score were not appreciable (p > 0.10). It is concluded that growth performance response and dietary energetic are similar for finishing cattle supplemented with EO + HyD vs. MON + VM. However, compared with MON + VM, supplementation with EO + HyD during the finishing phase may improve carcass Longissimus area and carcass yield.

Performance of the new SmartCardia wireless, wearable oximeter: a comparison with arterial SaO2 in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Our goal was to evaluate the performance of a new wearable arm located pulse oximeter. METHODS: Twelve volunteers were monitored with three pulse oximeters and underwent desaturation to 70% SaO2. We compared the accuracy of SpO2 reading from the SmartCardia system with SpO2 using two well established devices (Masimo and Nellcor) as reference. Oximetry was performed at different level of oxygen saturation varying from 70 to 100%. Bias, ARMS and precision were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The mean (SD) differences between SaO2 compared to SpO2 and the devices were as follows: SaO2 versus Masimo 2,12 ± 1,01% (95% CI 1,45 to 2,79), SaO2 versus Nellcor 0,78 ± 0,58% (95% CI - 0,29 to 1,65) and SaO2 versus SmartCardia 0,42 ± 0,24% (95% CI - 0,64 to 1,46). The bias between SmartCardia, Masimo, Nellcor devices and SaO2 was 0.16 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.33) and LoA (level of agreements) 2.96 (95% CI - 2,68 to 2,89) for SmartCardia, 2,02 (95% CI 1,49 to 2,54) and LoA - 6 to 11 for Masimo, and 0,76 (95% CI 0,5 to - 1) and LoA - 3,5 to 5,0 for Nellcor. ARMS for the 70-100% SaO2 range was 1,4 for SmartCardia, 5,0 for Masimo and 2,31 for Nellcor. CONCLUSIONS: The new wireless SmartCardia SpO2 measurement system demonstrated in-line results, bias, ARMS and precision in healthy volunteers, when compared with the gold standard SaO2 and with two well established systems, Masimo and Nellcor. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The present trial was prospectively registered at UCSF record (registration number:10-00437), on March 8, 2021.

Cardiac Operative Risk in Latin America: A Comparison of Machine Learning Models vs EuroSCORE-II.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning is a useful tool for predicting medical outcomes. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based preoperative score to predict cardiac surgical operative mortality. METHODS: We developed various models to predict cardiac operative mortality using machine learning techniques and compared each model to European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation-II (EuroSCORE-II) using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and precision-recall (PR) curves (ROC AUC and PR AUC) as performance metrics. The model calibration in our population was also reported with all models and in high-risk groups for gradient boosting and EuroSCORE-II. This study is a retrospective cohort based on a prospectively collected database from July 2008 to April 2018 from a single cardiac surgical center in Bogotá, Colombia. RESULTS: Model comparison consisted of hold-out validation: 80% of the data were used for model training, and the remaining 20% of the data were used to test each model and EuroSCORE-II. Operative mortality was 6.45% in the entire database and 6.59% in the test set. The performance metrics for the best machine learning model, gradient boosting (ROC: 0.755; PR: 0.292), were higher than those of EuroSCORE-II (ROC: 0.716, PR: 0.179), with a P value of .318 for the AUC of the ROC and .137 for the AUC of the PR. CONCLUSIONS: The gradient boosting model was more precise than EuroSCORE-II in predicting mortality in our population based on ROC and PR analyses, although the difference was not statistically significant.

The Effects of Single or Combined Supplementation of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Visceral Mass in Lambs Finished under Subtropical Climate Conditions.

The aim of this trial was to test the effects of the use of eubiotics (pro- and prebiotics) alone or in combination in the diet of lambs finished under subtropical climate conditions. For this purpose, 40 Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (29.5 ± 4.8 kg initial live weight) were used in a 93 day growth-performance experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based finishing diet supplemented with (1) no eubiotics (control), (2) 3 g of probiotics (live Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SC), (3) 3 g of prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide plus b-glucans, MOS), and (4) a combination of 1.5 g of SC and 1.5 g of MOS (SC+MOS). Throughout the study, the average temperature humidity index (THI) was 78.60. Compared to controls, supplementation with SC or MOS, alone did not affect average daily gain (ADG), but enhanced feed efficiency by 5.6% and 6.9% (gain-to-feed ratio, G:F) and dietary net energy by 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Compared to controls, SC+MOS enhanced ADG (10%), G:F (9.5%), and dietary net energy (7.2%). Lambs fed SC+MOS had also greater ADG, G:F, and dietary net energy compared to lambs fed SC alone. When compared to MOS, the combination enhanced ADG (10.4%, p = 0.04). This effect could be attributed to the increased dry matter intake (7.6%, p = 0.06), as neither G:F nor dietary energy was significantly affected. Compared with controls and SC, supplementation with MOS alone and SC+MOS increased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, while SC supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to reduce 4.1% the relative intestinal mass (as a proportion of empty body weight) when compared to controls. Treatment effects on the other carcass measures were not significant. In the present study, supplemental probiotics and/or prebiotics improved dietary energetic efficiency in lambs finished under subtropical climatic conditions. The combination of probiotics with prebiotics reinforced this positive effect.

Percepción de las relaciones familiares y nivel de resiliencia en el adulto mayor: un estudio descriptivo-comparativo / Perception of family relations and resilience level in the older adults: a descriptive-comparative study

Objetivo: Comparar la percepción de relaciones familiares y la resiliencia en adultos mayores. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, comparativo, prospectivo y de corte transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por 130 adultos mayores de 60 años de diversas comunidades de la Región Lagunera, al norte de México, seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron el Test de percepción de relaciones familiares del anciano y la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS v20 y se aplicaron frecuencias para variables cualitativas, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables cuantitativas, y para la comparación de los grupos se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: La mayor parte de la muestra eran mujeres (76,9%) y el 56,2% no tenía pareja. Los tres grupos no mostraron diferencia significativa en las características sociodemográficas. El análisis inferencial mostró diferencia significativa entre la percepción de la relación familiar y el nivel de resiliencia en los adultos mayores, en los grupos de percepción disarmónica con los grupos de percepción poco armónica y armónica. Conclusiones: Existe diferencia entre la percepción de la relación familiar y el nivel de resiliencia en el adulto mayor; se observa que a mejor percepción de la relación familiar por el adulto más se incrementa el nivel de resiliencia (AU)

Objective: To compare the perception of family relations and resilience in older adults. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, comparative, prospective and cross-sectional study; the sample consisted of 130 adults over 60 years of age from diverse communities of the Lagunera Region, in northern Mexico, selected by a non-probabilistic sample at convenience. For the collection of data, the Elderly Family Relationship Perception Test and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used. The data were analyzed in the SPSS v20 program and frequencies were applied for qualitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables, for comparison of the groups used the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The majority of the sample were women (76.9%) and 56.2% did not have a partner. The three groups showed no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics. The inferential analysis shows a significant difference between the perception of the family relationship and the level of resilience in the older adults, in the groups of disharmonic perception with the groups of perception that are not harmonious and harmonious. Conclusions: There is a difference between perception of the family relationship and the level of resilience in the older adult, it is observed the better perception of the family relationship by the older adult increases the level of resilience (AU)

Native mitral valve endocarditis associated with KPC producing Serratia marcescens bacteremia successfully treated with mitral valve replacement and ceftazidime-avibactam.

Consistent with global trends of infections due to multiple-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, we report the first official case of native mitral valve endocarditis due to multi-resistant Klebsiella Pneumonia Carbapenemase (KPC) producing Serratia marcescens. The patient underwent mitral valve replacement and was successfully treated with monotherapy ceftazidime-avibactam.

Giant Intrapericardial bronchogenic cyst associated with congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Large intracardiac bronchogenic cysts are rare mediastinal masses. However, they must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of heart failure with abnormal chest X-ray. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 60-year-old female patient with de novo atrial fibrillation, heart failure and a very large intrapericardial mass. The patient underwent successful surgical resection, with pathological findings confirming a bronchogenic cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Large bronchogenic cysts located intrapericardially are very rare. However, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with abnormal radiologic studies.

Cardiac Ambulatory Monitoring: New Wireless Device Validated Against Conventional Holter Monitoring in a Case Series.

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias are very common but underdiagnosed due to their transient and asymptomatic nature. An optimization of arrhythmia detection would permit to better treat patients and could substantially reduce morbidity and mortality. The SmartCardia ScaAI wireless patch is a novel CE IIa approved, single-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) ambulatory monitor designed for cardiac arrhythmias detection. Hypothesis: The accuracy of the new SmartCardia wireless patch to detect arrhythmias is comparable to the conventional Holter monitoring. Methods: Patients referred for a suspicion of arrhythmia between February and March 2020 were included in the trial. Simultaneous ambulatory ECG were recorded using a conventional 24-h Holter and the SmartCardia. The primary endpoint was the detection of cardiac arrhythmias over the total wear time of the devices, defined as premature atrial contraction (PAC), supraventricular tachycardia ≥3 beats, premature ventricular contraction (PVC), and ventricular tachycardia ≥3 beats. Conduction abnormalities, pause ≥2 s and atrioventricular block (AVB), were also tracked. McNemar's test was used to compare the matched pairs of data from both devices. Results: A total of 40 patients were included in the trial. Over the total wear time, there was no significant difference between the devices for ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias detection. Pauses and AVB were equally identified by the two devices in three patients. Conclusion: Over the total wear time, the SmartCardia device showed an accuracy to detect arrhythmia similar to the 24-h Holter monitoring: single-lead, adhesive-patch monitoring might become an interesting alternative to the conventional Holter monitoring.

Cor Triatriatum Dexter: an unusual cause of neonatal cyanosis / Cor Triatriatum Dexter: una causa infrecuente de cianosis neonatal

We present the case of a term newborn, with no significant perinatal history, who was taken to the emergency room at 18 days old for intermittent episodes of cyanosis, with no signs of respiratory distress, oxygensaturation of 85%, arterial gases with moderate hypoxemia, and chest X-ray.

The influence of shade allocation or total shade plus overhead fan on growth performance, efficiency of dietary energy utilization, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle under tropical ambient conditions.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shade allocation and shade plus fan on growth performance, dietary energy utilization and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle under tropical ambient conditions. METHODS: Two trials were conducted, involving a total of 1,560 young bulls (289±22 kg BW) assigned to 24 pens (65 bulls/pen and 6 pens/treatment). Pens were 585 m2 with 15 m fence line feed bunks. Shade treatments (m2 shade/animal) were: i) limited shade (LS) to 1.2 m2shade/animal (LS1.2); ii) limited shade to 2.4 m2 shade/animal (LS2.4); iii) total shade (TS) which correspond to 9 m2/animal, and iv) total shade equipped with fans (TS+F). Trials lasted 158 and 183 days. In both studies, the average weekly maximum temperature exceeded 34°C. RESULTS: Increasing shade allocation tended (p = 0.08) to linearly increases average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI, quadratic effect, p = 0.03). This effect was most apparent between LS1.2 and LS2.4. Shade allocation, per se, did not affect gain efficiency or estimated dietary net energy (NE). Compared with TS, TS+F increased (p<0.05) ADG, gain efficiency, and tended (p = 0.06) to increase dietary NE. There was a quadratic effect of shade on longissimus area and marbling score, with values being lower (p<0.01) for LS2.4 than for LS1.2 or TS. Likewise, marbling score was lower for TS+F than for TS. Percentage kidney, pelvic, and heart (KPH) linearly decreased with increasing shade. In contrast, KPH was greater for TS than for TS+F. CONCLUSION: Providing more than 2.4 m2 shade/animal will not further enhance feedlot performance. The use of fans in combination with shade increases ADG and gain efficiency beyond that of shade, alone. These enhancements were not associated with increased DMI, but rather, to an amelioration of ambient temperature humidity index on maintenance energy requirement.

Modelling the combined effect of chlorine, benzyl isothiocyanate, exposure time and cut size on the reduction of Salmonella in fresh-cut lettuce during washing process.

This work aimed to study the effect of the combination of Sodium hypochlorite, the most used disinfectant by the vegetable industry, with a natural antimicrobial, benzyl-isothiocyanate (BITC), considering cutting surface and contact time, on the reduction of Salmonella in fresh-cut produce in washing operations under typical industrial conditions. Overall, the combinations of disinfectant and process parameters resulted in a mean reduction of Salmonella of 2.5 log CFU/g. According to statistical analysis, free chlorine and BITC concentrations, contact time and cut size exerted a significant effect on the Salmonella reduction (p ≤ 0.05). The optimum combination of process parameter values yielding the highest Salmonella reduction was a lettuce cut size of 15 cm2 washed for 110 s in industrial water containing 160 mg/L free chlorine and 40 mg/L BITC. A predictive model was also derived, which, as illustrated, could be applied to optimize industrial disinfection and develop probabilistic Exposure Assessments considering the effect of washing process parameters on the levels of Salmonella contamination in leafy green products. The present study demonstrated the efficacy of chlorine to reduce Salmonella populations in fresh-cut lettuce while highlighting the importance of controlling the washing process parameters, such as, contact time, cut size and concentration of the disinfectant to increase disinfectant efficacy and improve food safety.

Comparación de la percepción de calidad de vida relacionado con la salud en hombres y mujeres adultos mayores / Comparison of the perception of health-related quality of life between older men and women

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se entiende como el efecto funcional y anímico que una enfermedad produce en una persona, incluyendo el tratamiento y cómo este proceso es percibido por la persona, el cual puede estar influido por el género.Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre hombre y mujeres adultos mayores en la Comarca Lagunera de Coahuila.Método: Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 adultos mayores seleccionados a conveniencia en la escuela de Lic. en Enfermería, U.T. de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila y un hospital público de la localidad. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS v22 para Mac, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la prueba U de Mann-Withney.Resultados: El análisis entre el género y la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud no observó diferencia significativa (U= 922.00, p=.178); sin embargo, al analizar la calidad de vida por dimensiones, existe diferencia significativa en tres componentes que son movilidad física (U= 812.00, p>.05), dolor (U= 816.00, p>.05) y energía (U= 807.50, p>.05).Conclusiones: En la presente investigación, se puede observar que los hombres y mujeres adultos mayores perciben la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de una forma muy parecida, sin embargo, se encontró diferencia en algunos componentes que desde el punto de vista de los autores están muy ligados al rol social que cumple una mujer o un hombre adulto mayor

Introduction: The quality of life related to health is understood as the functional and emotional effect that a disease produces in a person, including treatment and how this process is perceived by the person, which may be influenced by gender.Objective: To determine the perception of quality of life related to health among men and older women in the Comarca Lagunera of Coahuila.Method: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was 100 old adults selected at convenience in the Nursing School, U.T. from the Autonomous University of Coahuila and a public hospital in the town. Data were analyzed in the SPSS v22 program for Mac, descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test were used.Results: The analysis between gender and health-related quality of life perception did not observe a significant difference (U=922.00, p=.178); However, when analyzing the quality of life by dimensions, there is a significant difference in three components that are physical mobility (U= 812.00, p< .05), pain (U= 816.00, p< .05) and energy (U= 807.50, p< .05).Conclusions: In the present investigation, it can be observed that older men and women perceive the quality of life related to health in a very similar way, however, a difference was found in some components that from the point of view of the authors, they are closely linked to the social role played by a woman or an older adult man