Alterations in deglutition in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome.

PURPOSE: To characterize swallowing in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome in comparison to typical children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 children diagnosed with congenital Zika virus syndrome and 45 others with typical development. Swallowing was evaluated through clinical feeding evaluations Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica and using acoustic swallowing parameters (Doppler sonar). RESULTS: The mean age of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome was 26.69 ± 4.46 months and the mean head circumference was 29.20 ± 1.98 cm. Moderate/severe oropharyngeal dysphagia was found in 32(71.1%) of the children with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Significant differences were found between the groups on clinical evaluation: Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome presented insufficient lip closure 42(93.3%) and altered tonus of the tongue 35(77.8%) and cheeks 34(75.6%). In the children in the comparison group, only 6(13.3%) presented insufficient lip closure and 1(2.2%) had inadequate tongue posture. Changes during swallowing with liquid and spoonable food were not observed in the comparison group. When liquid/food was offered, affected children presented difficulties in sipping movements 14(77.8%) and lip/spoon contact 35(75%). The presence of residual food in the oral cavity after swallowing 38(86.4%) and clinical signs indicative of laryngotracheal penetration/aspiration, such as coughing, gagging and/or labored breathing, were also notable. No differences were found between the groups with regard to the acoustic parameters evaluated instrumentally. CONCLUSION: Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome present alterations in the oral phase of swallowing, as well as clinical signs indicative of pharyngeal phase impairment.

Alterations in deglutition in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome / Alterações na deglutição em crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize swallowing in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome in comparison to typical children. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 children diagnosed with congenital Zika virus syndrome and 45 others with typical development. Swallowing was evaluated through clinical feeding evaluations Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica and using acoustic swallowing parameters (Doppler sonar). Results The mean age of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome was 26.69 ± 4.46 months and the mean head circumference was 29.20 ± 1.98 cm. Moderate/severe oropharyngeal dysphagia was found in 32(71.1%) of the children with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Significant differences were found between the groups on clinical evaluation: Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome presented insufficient lip closure 42(93.3%) and altered tonus of the tongue 35(77.8%) and cheeks 34(75.6%). In the children in the comparison group, only 6(13.3%) presented insufficient lip closure and 1(2.2%) had inadequate tongue posture. Changes during swallowing with liquid and spoonable food were not observed in the comparison group. When liquid/food was offered, affected children presented difficulties in sipping movements 14(77.8%) and lip/spoon contact 35(75%). The presence of residual food in the oral cavity after swallowing 38(86.4%) and clinical signs indicative of laryngotracheal penetration/aspiration, such as coughing, gagging and/or labored breathing, were also notable. No differences were found between the groups with regard to the acoustic parameters evaluated instrumentally. Conclusion Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome present alterations in the oral phase of swallowing, as well as clinical signs indicative of pharyngeal phase impairment.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a deglutição das crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus e comparar com crianças típicas. Método Estudo de delineamento transversal, com 45 crianças diagnosticadas com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus e 45 típicas. A deglutição foi avaliada por meio de avaliações clínicas da alimentação através do Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica e dos parâmetros acústicos da deglutição (sonar Doppler). Resultados A idade média das crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika foi de 26,69 ± 4,46 meses e o perímetro cefálico médio foi de 29,20 ± 1,98 cm. Disfagia orofaríngea de moderada a grave foi observada em 32(71,1%) das crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus, ao contrário do grupo comparação que não revelou alterações na deglutição. Nas crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus foram verificados lábios entreabertos 42(93,3%) e tônus alterado em língua 35(77,8%) e bochechas 34(75,6%). Nas crianças do grupo comparação apenas 6(13,3%) apresentaram fechamento labial insuficiente e 1(2,2%) postura de língua inadequada. Alterações durante a deglutição com líquido e alimento pastoso não foram observadas no grupo comparação. Durante a oferta do alimento ocorreram dificuldades no movimento de sorver 14(77,8%), na captação da colher 35(75%), resíduo em cavidade oral 38(86,4%) e sinais clínicos indicativos de penetração/aspiração laringotraqueal como tosse, engasgo e respiração com esforço. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos parâmetros acústicos da avaliação instrumental. Conclusão as crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus têm alterações nas fases oral e faríngea da deglutição, com sinais clínicos indicativos de penetração/aspiração laringotraqueal quando comparadas a crianças típicas.

Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Reading Skills of Children and Adolescents With Dyslexia.

Introduction: Rehabilitation techniques have been used to facilitate reading acquisition in dyslexia. However, many individuals continue to present academic impairment throughout life. New intervention strategies are necessary to further help this population. Objectives: Assess the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia. Methods: The study was conducted with one-group pretest-posttest. Participants received 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation during 30 minutes for 5 consecutive days. Reading performance was measured by a group of tasks (identification and reading of letters, syllables, words, nonwords, and text). Results: A significant increase in the number of correct answers for nonwords and text tasks was observed after transcranial direct current stimulation (P = .035 and P = .012, respectively). Conclusion: The transcranial direct current stimulation seems to be a promising tool for the treatment of reading problems in dyslexia. Future studies are necessary to confirm the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and to establish optimal intervention protocol in this population.

[Study of correlation between diagnostic hypertriglyceridemic waist and metabolic syndrome in adults in Trujillo, Peru]. / Estudio de correlación entre los diagnósticos de cintura hipertrigliceridémica y síndrome metabólico en adultos de Trujillo, Perú

OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults of Trujillo according to diagnostic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, prospective and cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 adults in Trujillo, selected by probability sampling and stratified by sex and age. Information on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests was collected; Criteria proposed by the ATP III and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) for MS, as well as Gomez and JIS for HTGW were applied. EPIDAT software was used to calculate Z test, Student t test and the Kappa (k) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. RESULTS: Information regarding 239 men and 261 women were collected. The frequency of HTGW according to Gomez criteria was 30% in the total sample, 29.7% in men and 30.3% women. According to JIS criteria the frequency was 34% in the total sample, 38.1% in men and 30.3% women. Metabolic Syndrome with JIS criteria had good agreement with HTGW according to Gomez criteria with k = 0.63 and according to JIS criteria with k = 0.66. CONCLUSIONS: Good agreement was evidenced between the HTGW according to Gomez and JIS criteria and MS according to JIS.

Estudio de correlación entre los diagnósticos de cintura hipertrigliceridémica y síndrome metabólico en adultos de Trujillo, Perú / Study of correlation between diagnostic hypertriglyceridemic waist and metabolic syndrome in adults in Trujillo, Peru

Objetivos. Determinar la concordancia entre la cintura hipertrigliceridémica (CHTG) y el síndrome metabólico (SM) en adultos de Trujillo según criterios diagnósticos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal en un muestra de 500 personas adultas de Trujillo, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico y estratificado (por sexo y edad). Se recopiló información consistente en medidas antropométricas, presión arterial y pruebas bioquímicas; luego se aplicó los criterios propuestos por el ATP III y Joint Interin Statement (JIS) para SM, así como los de Gómez y JIS para CHTG. Se usó el programa EPIDAT, donde se calculó la frecuencia, test Z, prueba de T Student y el test de Kappa (k) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %. Resultados. Se recogió información concerniente a 239 varones y 261 mujeres. La frecuencia de CHTG según criterios de Gómez fue 30% en el total de la muestra, 29,7% en varones y 30,3% en mujeres. Según criterios JIS la frecuencia fue 34% en el total de población, 38,1% en varones y 30,3% en mujeres. El SM según criterios JIS tuvo una buena concordancia con CHTG según criterios de Gómez con k=0,63 y según criterios JIS con k=0,66, en el total de población. Conclusiones. Se evidenció buena concordancia entre la CHTG según ambos criterios y SM según JIS.

Objectives. To determine the correlation between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults of Trujillo according to diagnostic criteria. Materials and methods. Observational, prospective and cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 adults in Trujillo, selected by probability sampling and stratified by sex and age. Information on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests was collected; Criteria proposed by the ATP III and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) for MS, as well as Gomez and JIS for HTGW were applied. EPIDAT software was used to calculate Z test, Student t test and the Kappa (k) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results. Information regarding 239 men and 261 women were collected. The frequency of HTGW according to Gomez criteria was 30% in the total sample, 29.7% in men and 30.3% women. According to JIS criteria the frequency was 34% in the total sample, 38.1% in men and 30.3% women. Metabolic Syndrome with JIS criteria had good agreement with HTGW according to Gomez criteria with k = 0.63 and according to JIS criteria with k = 0.66. Conclusions. Good agreement was evidenced between the HTGW according to Gomez and JIS criteria and MS according to JIS.

Frecuencia y características de la glicemia basal alterada en adultos de Trujillo según criterios diagnósticos / Frequency and characteristics of impaired fasting glucose in trujillo adults according diagnostic criteria

Introducción: La alteración de la glicemia basal (AGB) es un estado transitorio reversible hacia la diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: Comparar la AGB según los criterios de la American Diabetes Association (ADA) y de la Organización de la Salud (OMS); y sus características en los adultos de Trujillo según edad y género. Material y métodos: 224 varones y 232 mujeres de Trujillo, en grupos etáreos de 20 a 39, 40 a 59 y 60 a 79. Se hicieron determinaciones clínicas y bioquímicas, considerándose AGB según ADA: 100 a 125 y OMS: 111 a 125 mg/dl. Resultados: La prevalencia de AGB según ADA, ajustada por edad: varones 11, 73; mujeres 13,61 y total 12,64%; sin diferencia por género y aumentó con la edad. La prevalencia de AGB según OMS, ajustada por edad: varones 4,55; mujeres 2,46 y total 3,49% y aumentó con la edad. La AGB según ADA tuvo como factores de riesgo con OR significativo: obesidad (2,14), incremento del IMC (2,42), la hipertensión arterial (2,19), aumento de presión arterial según síndrome metabólico (APASM) (3,06), HDL según SM (1,94) y como criterio de ATPIII (2,07) con frecuencias de 18,57%; 71,43%; 37,14%; 52,86%; 51,43% y 27,14% respectivamente. En la AGB según OMS: hipertensión arterial (6,45), APASM (4,07),HDL <40 mg/dl (2,95) e hipercolesterolemia (4,51) con frecuencias de 72,73%; 54,55%; 36,36% y 59,09% respectivamente. Conclusiones: En Trujillo la frecuencia AGB según ADA casi cuadruplica la AGB según OMS y aumenta con la edad, sin diferenciade género.

Introduction: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a reversible transitory state to diabetes mellitus. To compare IFG frequency according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Medical Association (WMA)criteria, and its characteristics in adults from Trujillo according ageand gender. Material and methods: 224 male and 232 women from Trujillo, in age groups from 20 to 39, 40 to 59 and 60 to 79 years old. Clinic and biochemical assays (glucose and profile lipid blood) were done, considering IFG according ADA: 100 a 125 mg/dl and OMS: 111 a125 mg/dlResults: IFG prevalence according ADA, adjusted by age: male 11,73;women 13,61 and total 12,64%; withouth difference by gender andincreased with age. IFG prevalence according OMS, adjusted by age:male 4,55; women 2,46 and total 3,49% and increased with age .IFGaccording ADA had as risk factors with significative OR: obesity (2,14),increased BMI (2,42), arterial hypertension (2,19), increased bloodpressure according metabolic syndrome (IBPAMS) (3,06), HDL accordingSM (1,94) and as an ATPIII criteria (2,07) with frequencies of 18,57%;71,43%; 37,14%; 52,86%; 51,43% and 27,14% respectively.In IFG according OMS: arterial hypertension (6,45), IBPAMS (4,07),HDL <40 mg/dl (2,95) and hypercholesterolemia (4,51) with frequenciesof 72,73%; 54,55%; 36,36% and 59,09% respectively.Conclusions: In Trujillo, the frequency of IFG according ADA almostquadruplicates IFG according OMS and increase with age, withoutgender difference.

Contrato psicológico de trabalho e a produção acadêmica no Brasil / Psychological contract at work and academic production in Brazil

Reconhecido como um conceito central para a compreensão do campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional, o contrato psicológico de trabalho é um tópico de ampla tradição de pesquisa no cenário internacional, mas ainda pouco estudado no Brasil. O presente artigo discute o conceito de contrato psicológico e comenta a produção acadêmica nacional sob a forma de teses de doutorado, monografias e dissertações disponíveis no portal da CAPES, bibliotecas e nos currículos do CNPq. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a produção em relação aos contratos psicológicos no Brasil é recente, embora a expressão tenha sido cunhada desde a década de 1960. Além disso, as investigações se iniciam com a combinação do contrato psicológico com outros temas correlatos, de maneira que só nos últimos quatro anos o construto aparece como tema principal de pesquisas. O crescimento tem sido evidenciado particularmente entre autores da Administração, acompanhando a tendência internacional de perceber os contratos psicológicos como poderosa ferramenta e suporte às ações de gestão(AU)

Recognized as a central concept for understanding in the field of organizational behavior, the psychological contract at work is a topic of broad research tradition on the international scene, yet little studied in Brazil. This article discusses the concept of the psychological contract, and critiques Brazilian academic production on this theme, focusing on doctoral theses, monographs, and dissertations available from internal sources. The results indicate that production covering psychological contracts in Brazil is recent, although the term was coined as far back as the 1960's. In addition, earlier investigations undertook to combine the psychological contract with other related topics, so that only in the last four years has the construct appeared as a main theme of research. This growth has been particularly evident in the field of Management, so it is assumed that, similar to what is happening in the international arena, psychological contracts will soon be seen as a powerful tool and support for management activity(AU)

Contrato psicológico de trabalho e a produção acadêmica no Brasil / Psychological contract at work and academic production in Brazil

Reconhecido como um conceito central para a compreensão do campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional, o contrato psicológico de trabalho é um tópico de ampla tradição de pesquisa no cenário internacional, mas ainda pouco estudado no Brasil. O presente artigo discute o conceito de contrato psicológico e comenta a produção acadêmica nacional sob a forma de teses de doutorado, monografias e dissertações disponíveis no portal da CAPES, bibliotecas e nos currículos do CNPq. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a produção em relação aos contratos psicológicos no Brasil é recente, embora a expressão tenha sido cunhada desde a década de 1960. Além disso, as investigações se iniciam com a combinação do contrato psicológico com outros temas correlatos, de maneira que só nos últimos quatro anos o construto aparece como tema principal de pesquisas. O crescimento tem sido evidenciado particularmente entre autores da Administração, acompanhando a tendência internacional de perceber os contratos psicológicos como poderosa ferramenta e suporte às ações de gestão.

Recognized as a central concept for understanding in the field of organizational behavior, the psychological contract at work is a topic of broad research tradition on the international scene, yet little studied in Brazil. This article discusses the concept of the psychological contract, and critiques Brazilian academic production on this theme, focusing on doctoral theses, monographs, and dissertations available from internal sources. The results indicate that production covering psychological contracts in Brazil is recent, although the term was coined as far back as the 1960's. In addition, earlier investigations undertook to combine the psychological contract with other related topics, so that only in the last four years has the construct appeared as a main theme of research. This growth has been particularly evident in the field of Management, so it is assumed that, similar to what is happening in the international arena, psychological contracts will soon be seen as a powerful tool and support for management activity.

O chefe tem sempre razão?: um estudo intercultural das expectativas sociais em interações de trabalho / An intercultural study of social attributions in work relationship

A pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar a tendência de concordar com as ações do supervisor ao se analisar uma situação de interação no trabalho. Participaram do estudo 465 estudantes universitários de Salvador e de Madrid concluintes de cursos de administração e engenharia. Através de um diálogo por escrito entre um supervisor e um empregado, analisou-se a concordância ou discordância com os seus modos de agir, e as justificativas apresentadas pelos participantes. A análise quantitativa indica que, independente da cultura, da experiência de trabalho e do curso de formação, concorda-se com o comportamento do supervisor. A análise de conteúdo qualitativa revela que as justificativas de ambos os países são similares e focam na confiança, motivação, orientação e suporte mútuos.(AU)

This research aimed at exploring the tendency to agree with a supervisor’s actions at a workplace interaction situation. 465 college students from Salvador and Madrid participated in this study, and all of them business administration and engineering seniors. A written dialogue between a supervisor and an employee was presented, concerning the agreement or disagreement with theirs manner of acting, as well as regarding the justifications given by the participants. Quantitative analysis indicated a tendency to agree with the manner of acting of the supervisor, regardless of the culture and the professional experience. The analysis of the qualitative content revealed that the reasons given in both countries are similar and focus on trust, motivation, and mutual support and guidance.(AU)