ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. Method: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. Results: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. Conclusion: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service.
Resumo Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de tuberculose, coronavírus, condições crônicas e vulnerabilidades entre migrantes e refugiados no Brasil. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito eletrônico, realizado com migrantes internacionais durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para a análise, aplicou-se estatística descritiva, com cálculo de medidas de posição e de dispersão. Quanto às variáveis categóricas, estimaram-se as frequências relativas e absolutas. Resultados: participaram do estudo 553 migrantes e refugiados, verificando-se prevalência de 3,07% de tuberculose, 7,2% de COVID-19 e 27,3% de condições crônicas. Entre as vulnerabilidades, 32% referiram desemprego, 37,6% mudaram para o Brasil em decorrência da situação social do seu país e 33,6% residiam em asilo e ou abrigo. Conclusão: a tuberculose, as doenças crônicas e a COVID-19 apresentaram maior prevalência em migrantes e refugiados que na população em geral. Por tratar-se de uma população ainda com grande dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde e aos sistemas de proteção social, o estudo subsidiará, com base em evidências, as políticas públicas, o atendimento do enfermeiro e a incorporação de novas rotinas no serviço.
Resumen Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de tuberculosis, coronavirus, condiciones crónicas y vulnerabilidades en inmigrantes y refugiados en Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, del tipo encuesta electrónica, realizado con migrantes internacionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para el análisis se aplicó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de posición y dispersión. En cuanto a las variables categóricas, se estimaron las frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: participaron del estudio 553 inmigrantes y refugiados, la prevalencia de tuberculosis era del 3,07%, de COVID-19 del 7,2% y de condiciones crónicas del 27,3%. Entre las vulnerabilidades, el 32% reportó desempleo, el 37,6% emigró a Brasil por la situación social de su país y el 33,6% vivía en un asilo o albergue. Conclusión: la tuberculosis, las enfermedades crónicas y el COVID-19 fueron más prevalentes en inmigrantes y refugiados que en la población general. Por tratarse de una población que aún tiene grandes dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y sistemas de protección social, el estudio contribuirá, con base en la evidencia, a las políticas públicas, la atención de enfermería y la incorporación de nuevas rutinas en el servicio.
Subject(s)
Humans , Refugees , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emigrants and Immigrants , COVID-19/epidemiologyABSTRACT
O uso da Tecnologia da Informação está presente nos mais diversos domínios, inclusive no da saúde, ao utilizar várias metodologias e ferramentas computacionais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o modelo conceitual baseado em ontologia sobre o domínio HIV/aids denominado OntoHI. No processo para desenvol-ver a OntoHI adotam-se a metodologia SABiO e a ontologia de fundamentação UFO, além do conhecimento de especialistas da área da saúde, o que garante a representação da realidade. Artefatos da ontologia aqui apresentados: representação gráfica, glossário de termos, questões de competência. O controle de qualidade se dá através dos processos de validação e verificação das questões de competências. A OntoHI possibilita a integração com representações de outros domínios. Pode ser utilizado como artefato para a construção de ferramentas computacionais, principalmente sistemas de informações e aplicativos móveis para acompanhar o tratamento de pacientes, além de poder ser expandida para se adaptar a novas situações
The use of Information Technology is present in the most diverse domains, including health care, using various methodologies and computational tools. The goal of this work is to present an ontology-driven con-ceptual model on the HIV/AIDS domain called OntoHI. In the process of developing OntoHI, the SABiO methodology and the UFO foundational ontology are adopted, in addition to the specialist's knowledge in the field of health care, which guarantees a consistent representation of reality. Ontology artifacts that are presented here: graphical representation, glossary of terms, validation of competence questions. Quality control happens in the process of validation and verification of competency questions. OntoHI enables in-tegration with representations from other domains. It can be used as an artifact for building computational tools, mainly information systems and mobile applications to monitor patient treatment, in addition to being able to be expanded to adapt to new situations
El uso de las Tecnologías de la Información ocurre en los más diversos dominios, incluido el de la salud, uti-lizando diversas metodologías y herramientas computacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el modelo conceptual basado en ontologías sobre el dominio del VIH/sida denominado OntoHI. En el proceso de desarrollo de OntoHI se adoptan la metodología SABiO y la ontología de fundamentos OVNI, además del conocimiento de especialistas en el campo de la salud, lo que garantiza la representación de la realidad. Artefactos ontológicos presentados: representación gráfica, glosario, temas competenciales. El control de calidad se lleva a cabo a través del proceso de validación y verificación de problemas de competencia. Onto-HI permite la integración con representaciones de otros dominios. Puede usarse como artefacto para cons-truir herramientas computacionales, principalmente sistemas de información y aplicaciones móviles para monitorear el tratamiento del paciente, además de poder expandirse para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones
Subject(s)
Humans , Computer Simulation , HIV , Information Technology , Therapeutics , Biological Ontologies , Mobile ApplicationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. RESULTS: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. CONCLUSION: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Refugees , Transients and Migrants , Tuberculosis , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Introduction: nutritional guidelines in prenatal care can influence the pregnant woman's eating behavior, reducing the risks for the mother-baby binomial.Objective: to analyze adherence to the 10 steps for healthy eating during pregnancy and its association with maternal and socioeconomic factors in pregnant women in Espírito Santo, Brazil.Methods: data were obtained through an electronic questionnaire widely publicized on social networks. Socioeconomic, prenatal and eating behavior data were collected from 368 participants. The 10 Steps to Healthy Eating during pregnancy, adapted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, using the Praise-Guide-Recommend System (EOR) were used as evaluation criteria. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze differences between proportions. The binary logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between independent variables and steps towards healthy eating. A significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95% were adopted.Results: most pregnant women reported adherence of 3 to 5 steps (78.5%), fitting into the O-Orientation category. It was observed that receiving nutritional guidance during prenatal care increased adherence in step 4 (Limit consumption of processed foods; OR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.26-3.15), in step 5 (Avoid consuming ultra-processed foods and fast snacks; OR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1 .26-3.24) and step 9 (Plan food shopping, organize the domestic pantry and define the week's menu in advance; OR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.66-2.58).Conclusion: access to nutritional guidelines during prenatal care influenced the eating habits of pregnant women. The results suggest the need to strengthen prenatal actions, mainly related to guidelines on encouraging healthy and adequate eating habits.
Introdução: orientações nutricionais no pré-natal podem influenciar no comportamento alimentar da gestante e reduzir os riscos para o binômio mãe-bebê.Objetivo: analisar a adesão aos 10 passos para alimentação saudável na gestação e sua associação com fatores maternos e socioeconômicos em gestantes do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Método: os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário eletrônico amplamente divulgado em redes sociais. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, do pré-natal e do comportamento alimentar de 368 participantes. Utilizou-se como critério de avaliação os 10 Passos para Alimentação Saudável na gestação, adaptados do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, com utilização do Sistema Elogiar-Orientar-Recomendar (EOR). O teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o exato de Fisher foram usados para analisar as diferenças entre as proporções. O modelo de regressão logística binária foi utilizado para investigar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e os passos para uma alimentação saudável. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% e o intervalo de confiança de 95%.Resultados: a maioria das gestantes referiu adesão de 3 a 5 passos (78.5%), enquadrando-se na categoria O-Orientar. Observou-se que receber orientações nutricionais no pré-natal aumentou a adesão no passo 4 (Limitar o consumo de alimentos processados; OR: 1.99; IC95%: 1.26-3.15), no passo 5 (Evitar consumir alimentos ultraprocessados e lanches rápidos; OR: 2.02; IC95%: 1.26-3.24) e no passo 9 (Planejar as compras de alimentos, organize a despensa doméstica e defina com antecedência o cardápio da semana; OR: 1.66; IC95%: 1.66-2.58).Conclusão: o acesso às orientações nutricionais durante a assistência pré-natal influenciou nos hábitos alimentares das gestantes. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de fortalecimento das ações do pré-natal, principalmente relacionadas às orientações quanto ao incentivo aos hábitos alimentares saudáveis e adequados.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-compliance with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is a reality. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an mobile device application for monitoring the treatment of LTBI. METHODS: We defined the requirements, elaborated on the application's conceptual map, generated implementation and prototyping alternatives, and validated content. RESULTS: Feedback on the validity of content were: "usefulness, consistency, clarity, objectivity, vocabulary, and precision" from professionals, and "clarity" from patients. CONCLUSIONS: The application proved to be easy to understand, according to the assessment of both professionals and people undergoing treatment for LTBI.
Subject(s)
Latent Tuberculosis , Mobile Applications , Humans , Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Non-compliance with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is a reality. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an mobile device application for monitoring the treatment of LTBI. Methods: We defined the requirements, elaborated on the application's conceptual map, generated implementation and prototyping alternatives, and validated content. Results: Feedback on the validity of content were: "usefulness, consistency, clarity, objectivity, vocabulary, and precision" from professionals, and "clarity" from patients. Conclusions: The application proved to be easy to understand, according to the assessment of both professionals and people undergoing treatment for LTBI.