[Maternal-fetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes in an intensive control program]. / Desenlaces materno-fetales en mujeres con diabetes gestacional en un programa de control intensivo.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is first diagnosed during pregnancy and it is the most frequent maternal hyperglycemia. Objective: To know fetal and maternal outcomes in an intensive control program in pregnant women with and without DMG at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute for Social Security) Regional General Hospital No. 6, in Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas. Material and methods: A descriptive and retrospective study, which included 800 outcomes of pregnant women between January 2009 and June 2020. Anthropometric data and pregnancy outcomes were collected. The intensive control program consisted of face-to-face consultations of 1 to 4 weeks, granted according to the degree of metabolic control, with which it was given nutritional counseling, recommendations for physical activity, and in some cases pharmacological treatment. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 36.2%. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, except for respiratory distress syndrome, which was more common in GDM (9.4%, p = 0.06). Patients with GDM had a lower prevalence of macrosomy (6.1%) compared to the control group (6.6%). All women admitted to the program in the first trimester had fewer fetal and maternal complications. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing an intensive control program in women with GDM, by reducing and equalizing maternal and fetal outcomes compared to a group of women without the disease.

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) se diagnóstica por primera vez en el embarazo y es la hiperglucemia materna más frecuente. Objetivo: conocer los desenlaces fetales y maternos en un programa de control intensivo en mujeres embarazadas con y sin DMG en el Hospital General Regional No. 6 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo que incluyó 800 desenlaces de mujeres gestantes entre enero de 2009 y junio de 2020. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos y desenlaces del embarazo. El programa de control intensivo consistió en consultas presenciales de una a cuatro semanas, otorgadas según el grado de control metabólico, en las que se proporcionó consejería nutricional, recomendaciones de actividad física y en algunos casos tratamiento farmacológico. Resultados: la prevalencia de DMG fue de 36.2%. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ambos grupos, a excepción del síndrome de distrés respiratorio, que fue más frecuente en DMG (9.4%, p = 0.06). Las pacientes con DMG tuvieron menor prevalencia de macrosomía (6.1%) a diferencia del grupo control (6.6%). Toda mujer ingresada al programa en el primer trimestre tuvo menores complicaciones fetales y maternas. Conclusiones: este estudio demuestra la eficacia y eficiencia de implementar un programa de control intensivo en mujeres con DMG, al reducir e igualar los desenlaces maternos y fetales en comparación con un grupo de mujeres sin la enfermedad.

Everyday Acts of Resistance: Mexican, Undocumented Immigrant Children and Adolescents Navigating Oppression With Mentor Support.

Study aims were to examine oppression in education among Mexican immigrant youth with undocumented status and how mentors and other adults helped them resist oppression. Qualitative, narrative one-on-one interviews were conducted with 17 Mexican immigrant young adults with undocumented or DACA status in the U.S. Participants provided retrospective accounts from childhood through older adolescence. Analyses revealed critical junctures in which participants experienced oppression: (1) developmental milestones and school events, (2) college application process, (3) unforeseen life events, and (4) incidents of racial discrimination. Mentors and other adults helped participants to resist oppression through advocacy, social capital efforts, role modeling, and emotional, instrumental, and financial support. This study fills gaps in the literature on mentoring and immigrant youth who are undocumented.