Maternal dietary patterns and acute leukemia in infants: results from a case control study in Mexico.

Background: Childhood cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children aged 5-14 years in Mexico, with acute leukemia being the most common cancer among infants. Examining the overall dietary patterns allows for a comprehensive assessment of food and nutrient consumption, providing a more predictive measure of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in Mexican infants. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, comparing 109 confirmed acute leukemia cases with 152 age-matched controls. All participants (≤24 months) were identified at hospitals in Mexico City between 2010 and 2019. Data on a posteriori dietary patterns and other relevant variables were collected through structured interviews and dietary questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of acute leukemia in infants. Results: The "Balanced & Vegetable-Rich" pattern, characterized by a balanced consumption of various food groups and higher vegetable intake, exhibited a negative association with acute leukemia when compared to the "High Dairy & Cereals" Pattern (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.90). We observed that mothers who gave birth to girls and adhered to a healthy dietary pattern during pregnancy exhibited significantly lower odds of their children developing AL compared to those who gave birth to boys [OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.11, 0.97)]. Our results underscore the significance of maternal nutrition as a modifiable factor in disease prevention and the importance of prenatal health education.

A protective maternal nutrient concomitant intake associated with acute leukemia might be modified by sex, in children under 2 years.

Introduction: Maternal dietary consumption during pregnancy has been inconclusively associated with acute leukemia (AL) in infants, probably because epidemiological evidence has emerged mainly from the analysis of one-by-one nutrient, which is not a real-life scenario. Our objective was to evaluate the association between AL in Mexican children under 2 years of age and their mothers' nutrients concomitant intake during pregnancy, as well as to explore whether there are differences between girls and boys. Methods: We conducted a study of 110 cases of AL and 252 hospital-based controls in the Mexico City Metropolitan area from 2010 to 2019. We obtained information on maternal intake of 32 nutrients by a food frequency questionnaire and used weighted quantile sum regression to identify nutrient concomitant intakes. Results: We found a concomitant intake of nutrients negatively associated with AL (OR 0.17; CI95% 0.03,0.88) only among girls; and we did not find a nutrient concomitant intake positively associated with AL. Discussion: This is the first study that suggests nutrients that have been individually associated with AL are not necessarily the same in the presence of other nutrients (concomitant intake); as well as that maternal diet might reduce AL risk only in girls.

Maternal diet in pregnancy and acute leukemia in infants: a case-control study in Mexico City.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies around the world on acute leukemia (AL) and risk factors in infants are scarce. Infant AL has been proposed to originate in utero, which facilitates its study by establishing a short exposure time in pregnant women to environmental and dietary factors that could contribute to the risk of or protection against leukemia. We hypothesized that maternal diet during pregnancy may be an important factor involved in AL in offspring. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study from 2010 to 2019 on maternal diet during pregnancy in nine high-specialty public hospitals of different health institutions that diagnose and offer treatment to children with AL in Mexico City. Cases (n=109) were children ≤24 months of age with de novo diagnosis of AL, and controls (n=252) were children obtained in hospitals from second-level medical care matched for age, sex, and health institution. Maternal diet during pregnancy was obtained by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between food groups and infant AL. Potential confounders were assessed by constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with Dagitty software in which adjusted options were identified for the construction of unconditional logistic regression models. Results: Cases were slightly predominantly female (52.3%). The years of education of the mother in cases and controls was 0-9 on average, and those who reported smoking cigarettes and consuming alcohol during pregnancy did so at a low frequency. Regarding the mother's diet, the main findings were that the consumption of allium vegetables during pregnancy was inversely associated with AL for medium and high consumption (OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.14-0.46; P-trend< 0.001). In contrast, the high consumption of high-fat dairy products had a positive association with AL (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.30-4.34; P-trend<0.001). No association was found between consumption of topoisomerase II inhibitor foods during pregnancy and AL. Conclusion: The results suggest that maternal intake during pregnancy of allium vegetables, specifically garlic, is inversely associated with the development of AL in children ≤24 months old. On the other hand, consumption of high-fat dairy products is positively associated with AL in children ≤24 months old.

Prokaryotic population dynamics and interactions in an AnSBBR using tequila vinasses as substrate in co-digestion with acid hydrolysates of Agave tequilana var. azul bagasse for hydrogen production.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to characterize the prokaryotic community and putative microbial interactions between H2 -producing bacteria (HPB) and non-HPB using two anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactors (AnSBBRs) fed with tequila vinasses in co-digestion with acid hydrolysates of Agave tequilana var. azul bagasse (ATAB). METHODS AND RESULTS: Two AnSBBRs were operated for H2 production to correlate changes in physicochemical and biological variables by principal component analysis (PCA). Results indicated that H2 yield was supported by Ethanoligenens harbinense and Clostridium tyrobutyricum through the PFOR pathway. However, only E. harbinense was able to compete for sugars against non-HPB. Competitive exclusion associated with competition for sugars, depletion of essential trace elements, bacteriocin production and resistance to inhibitory compounds could be carried out by non-HPB, increasing their relative abundances during the dark fermentation (DF) process. CONCLUSIONS: The global scenario obtained by PCA correlated the decrease in H2 production with the lactate:acetate molar ratio in the influent. At the beginning of co-digestion, this ratio had the minimum value considered for a net gain of ATP. This fact could cause the reduction of the relative abundance of C. tyrobutyricum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first study that demonstrated the feasibility of H2 production by Clostridiales from acid hydrolysates of ATAB in co-digestion with tequila vinasses.

Non-familial stiff baby syndrome cases in the northern central area of Puerto Rico.

Hyperekplexia or Stiff Baby Syndrome is an uncommon disorder of non-epileptic movements with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Neonates present exaggerated startle response to sensory stimuli and temporary muscular rigidity. We report two neonates from the northern center of Puerto Rico who presented involuntary movements, hypertonia and apnea during first days of life, being treated with anticonvulsants without improvement. Both were diagnosed with hyperekplexia due to the clinical evolution associated to normal EEG and head radiologic studies. Electromyography showed persistent muscular activity with periods of rest. Both were managed with clonazepam satisfactorily. We emphasized prompt recognition to prevent seizures misdiagnosis and administering appropriate treatment due to complications of sudden death secondary to stiffness and apnea.

Fijación externa de la técnica de Keller-Silver / External fixation of Keller-Silver technique

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 51 pacientes con hallux-valgus, seleccionados para realizarles la técnica de Keller- Silver, se utilizó en todos los casos, como método de contención, el pistón de 5 orificios del fijador externo Ralca© y 2 alambres roscados L15, uno en la falange proximal y otro en el metatarsiano. Se analizaron los resultados en cuanto a grado de satisfacción, eliminación de la deformidad, dolor y limitación de los movimientos de las articulaciones metatarso-falángica. Se comparó con estudios previamente realizados. Se logró preservar la movilidad articular y la ausencia de cambios osteoartríticos interfalángicos

Profilaxis perioperatoria en fracturas de cadera / Perioperative prophylaxis in hip fractures

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 porciento, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 porciento. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios (AU)

Profilaxis perioperatoria en fracturas de cadera / Profilaxis perioperatoria en fracturas de cadera

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 por ciento, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 por ciento. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios(AU)

Profilaxis perioperatoria en fracturas de cadera

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 %, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 %. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios.

A prospective study of 96 patients operated on of hip fractures and who received perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted. Cefazolin was used in a unique dose of 1 g during anesthetic induction (30 minutes before the surgical procedure). The results were compared with those of another clinical and surgical hospital with similar characteristics to ours and where no perioperative prophylaxis was applied. Its infection rate was 36.8 % while ours was just 2 %.

Tombosis venosa profunda en un paciente con brucelosis y un probable inhibidor lupico: informe de un caso / Deep venous thrombosis in a patient with brucellosis and a probable lufoid inhibitor: report of a case

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 18 años de edad que ingresó al hospital por un padecimiento de 15 días de evolución caracterizada por dolor y edema de los miembros inferiores. En su estudio intra-hospitalario se demostró brucelosis aguda por un título sérico de 1:800 y cultivos positivos para brucella sp.; trombosis venosa profunda iliofemoral en asociación con un tiempo de protrombina normal y de tromboplastina parcial prolongado. Haciendo una mezcla del plasma de la enferma con un volumen igual d eun plasma normal, se demostró un anticoagulante ciruclante y mediante el tiempo de coagulación con caolina, se identificó un inhibidor tipo lúpico. La paciente recibió tratamiento con tetraciclinas orales y anticoagulación sistémica y cuatro meses después de su egreso del hospital se encontraba asintomática y no recibía tratamiento alguno. Sus estudios de control, tanto para la brucellosis como de coagulación estaban normales. Se hacen algunas consideraciones acerca de una posible asociación entre la brucelosis y el anticoagulante circulante