Understanding the needs of children and young people with food hypersensitivities: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Research has highlighted the psychosocial impact of living with food hypersensitivities (FHS) on children and young people (CYP). However, there is a paucity of qualitative data from CYP themselves in terms of the support they would like to receive in order to improve their psychological wellbeing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to further understand firsthand, the experiences of CYP with FHS including the challenges they face, to inform structural changes in how their psychological wellbeing is supported. METHODS: CYP aged 8-17 years were recruited with self-reported food allergy or celiac disease and asked about their experiences of living with and the psychological impact of FHS, through online, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty five CYP participated in interviews. Three themes were generated which addressed an aspect of change that CYP felt would enable support and improve their wellbeing: desire to feel heard, need for control, and appreciation of the severity of their FHS. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate what CYP with FHS would find beneficial for their psychological wellbeing with recommendations provided as to how these may be implemented across various systems. Recommendations include health professionals being more aware of the psychosocial impact from diagnosis, schools being more open and consistent with FHS management strategies, and friends being educated on the management of FHS.

Predictors of quality of life, economic impact, and loss to follow-up after open tibial shaft fractures in Ghana.

Objectives: Open tibia fractures are associated with substantial morbidity and impact on quality of life. Despite increasing incidence in low-resource settings, most open tibia fracture research comes from high-resource settings. This study aimed to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on treatment modality and evaluate predictors of health-related quality of life following open tibia fractures in Ghana. Design: A single-center prospective observational study was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana, from May 2020 to April 2022. Adults with open tibial shaft fractures presenting within 2 weeks of injury were eligible. Demographics, comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and hospital course were collected at enrollment. Follow-up was scheduled at 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. A telephone survey assessing reasons for loss to follow-up was initiated on enrollment completion. Results: A total of 180 patients were enrolled. Most patients were employed before injury (79.9%), had government insurance (67.2%), and were from rural areas (59.4%). Fracture classification was primarily Gustilo-Anderson type 3A (49.1%). No relationship between socioeconomic predictors and treatment modality was identified. The largest barriers to follow-up were preference for bonesetter treatment (63.1%), treatment cost (48.8%), and travel cost (29.8%). Of the lost to follow-up patients contacted, 67 (79.8%) reported receiving traditional bonesetter care. Reasons for seeking traditional bonesetter care included ease of access (83.6%), lower cost (77.6%), and familial influence (50.7%). Conclusion: No association was identified between socioeconomic predictors and choice of treatment. Bonesetter treatment plays a substantial role in the care of open tibia fractures in Ghana, largely because of ease of access and lower cost.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Direct Anterior Versus Mini-Posterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: Small, Early Functional Differences Did Not Lead to Meaningful Clinical Differences at 7.5 Years.

BACKGROUND: Our previously reported randomized clinical trial of direct anterior approach (DAA) versus mini-posterior approach (MPA) total hip arthroplasty showed slightly faster initial recovery for patients who had a DAA and no differences in complications or clinical or radiographic outcomes beyond 8 weeks. The aims of the current study were to determine if early advantages of DAA led to meaningful clinical differences beyond 5 years and to identify differences in midterm complications. METHODS: Of the 101 original patients, 93 were eligible for follow-up at a mean of 7.5 years (range, 2.1 to 10). Clinical outcomes were compared with Harris Hip, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Scores (HOOS) scores and subscores, complications, reoperations, and revisions. RESULTS: Harris Hip scores were similar (95.3 ± 6.0 versus 93.5 ± 10.3 for DAA and MPA, respectively, P = .79). The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey physical and mental scores were similar (46.2 ± 9.3 versus 46.2 ± 10.6, P = .79, and 52.3 ± 7.1 versus 55.2 ± 4.5, P = .07 in the DAA and MPA groups, respectively). The HOOS scores were similar (97.4 ± 7.9 versus 96.3 ± 6.7 for DAA and MPA, respectively, P = .07). The HOOS quality of life subscores were 96.9 ± 10.8 versus 92.3 ± 16.0 for DAA and MPA, respectively (P = .046). No clinical outcome met the minimally clinically important difference. There were 4 surgical complications in the DAA group (1 femoral loosening requiring revision, 1 dislocation treated closed, and 2 wound dehiscences requiring debridement), and 6 surgical complications in the MPA group (3 dislocations, 2 treated closed, and 1 revised to dual mobility; 2 intraoperative fractures treated with a cable; and 1 wound dehiscence treated nonoperatively). CONCLUSIONS: At a mean of 7.5 years, this randomized clinical trial demonstrated no clinically meaningful differences in outcomes, complications, reoperations, or revisions between DAA and MPA total hip arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

COVID-19 Stay-at-home mandates impacts daily ambulatory bout intensity and duration in elementary school-aged children: A wearable sensor based analysis.

INTRODUCTION: SARS COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major changes to how daily life was conducted. Health officials instituted policies to decelerate the spread of the virus, resulting in changes in physical activity patterns of school-aged children. The aim of this study was to utilize a wearable activity monitor to assess ambulatory activity in elementary-school aged children in their home environment during a COVID-19 Stay-at-Home mandate. METHODS: This institutional review board approved research study was performed between April 3rd - May 1st of 2020 during which health officials issued several stay-at-home (shelter-in-place) orders. Participant recruitment was conducted using a convenience sample of 38 typically developing children. Participants wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor for one week and data were downloaded and analyzed to assess global ambulatory activity measures along with ambulatory bout intensity/duration. For comparison purposes, SAM data collected before the pandemic, of a group of 27 age-matched children from the same region of the United States, was included. Statistical analyses were performed comparing SAM variables between children abiding by a stay-at-home mandate (Stay-at-Home) versus the Historical cohort (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Stay-at-Home cohort took on average 3737 fewer daily total steps compared to the Historical cohort (p<0.001). Daily Total Ambulatory Time (TAT), across all days was significantly lower in the Stay-at-Home cohort compared to the Historical cohort (mean difference: 81.9 minutes, p=0.001). The Stay-at-Home cohort spent a significantly higher percentage of TAT in Easy intensity ambulatory activity (mean difference: 2%, p<0.001) and therefore a significantly lower percentage of TAT in Moderate+ intensity (mean difference: 2%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The stay-at-home mandates resulted in lower PA levels in elementary school-aged children, beyond global measures to also bout intensity/duration. It appears that in-person school is a major contributor to achieving higher levels of PA and our study provides additional data for policymakers to consider for future decisions.

New Ceramic Heads With Titanium Sleeves on Retained Femoral Components: Results of Over 500 Revision Total Hip Arthroplasties.

BACKGROUND: Ceramic heads are frequently combined with titanium sleeves in revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs), ostensibly to protect the ceramic head from existing damage to the retained trunnion. Although widely adopted, data on the performance and safety of this construct are minimal. The purpose of this study was to describe implant survivorships, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent revision THA with a ceramic head and titanium sleeve on a retained femoral component. METHODS: We identified 516 revision THAs with femoral component retention (328 acetabular-only revisions and 188 bearing surface exchanges) treated with a new ceramic head and titanium sleeve between 2000 and 2020. Mean age at revision was 64 years, 56% were women, and mean body mass index was 30. The indications for revision THA were adverse local tissue reaction (25%), acetabular loosening (24%), dislocation (17%), infection (5%), and other (29%). Kaplan-Meier survivorships were analyzed, radiographs reviewed, and Harris Hip Scores evaluated. Mean follow-up was 4 years (range, 2 to 10). RESULTS: There were no reoperations or failures for ceramic head fracture, taper corrosion, or head/sleeve disengagement. The 10-year survivorship free of any re-revision was 85%. Indications for the 57 re-revisions included dislocation (33), infection (13), acetabular component loosening (7), periprosthetic fracture (2), psoas impingement (1), and sciatic nerve irritation (1). The 10-year survivorship free of any reoperation was 82%. There were an additional 14 reoperations. Radiographically, 1.9% had progressive femoral radiolucent lines, and 4.7% had progressive acetabular radiolucent lines. Mean Harris Hip Score was 81 at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: New ceramic heads with titanium sleeves in revision THAs with retained femoral components were durable and reliable with no cases of ceramic head fracture or taper complications at mean 4-year follow-up, including those revised for adverse local tissue reaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Development of GO Move: A Website for Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

It is unknown if an online tool is wanted by therapists and parents of individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) to support implementation of goal-directed home programs, and if wanted, the recommended features for the tool. The objective was to explore the experiences of therapists and parents who have implemented home programs, seek guidance on translating a paper-based home program toolbox into a mobile website, and develop the website. Qualitative descriptive methodology guided data collection using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, validated with field notes and member checking. A team science, iterative approach was used to integrate the themes into the development of the mobile website. Five primary themes including recommendations for the functionality, features, content, and naming of the mobile website were identified. Parents and therapists value home programs. Participants provided recommendations regarding content and features, and the GO Move mobile website was developed based on the recommendations.

Development of Go Move: A Website for Children With Unilateral Cerebral PalsyTherapists and parents of children with unilateral cerebral palsy were interviewed to understand their experience of home programs and gain input for creating a mobile website with information on goal setting and implementing home programs. The interviews provided valuable information about the functionality, features, content, and naming of the website. GO Move, a mobile website aimed to provide information on goal setting, activity selection, and tracking of exercises and activities in the home environment for children with unilateral cerebral palsy, was developed based on the information from the interviews.

Combined Anteversion Technique for Total Hip Arthroplasty With Handheld Accelerometer-Based Navigation System.

Aiming for a combined cup and stem anteversion within a target range is one way to assess appropriate prosthetic component orientation and restoration of functional range of motion. We describe a surgical technique that allows the surgeon to assess the combined anteversion using a handheld accelerometer-based navigation system for total hip arthroplasty through a posterior approach. The femur is prepared first, at which time the femoral version is estimated by the surgeon. The acetabular component is then positioned using the navigation system to estimate anteversion, with the goal of providing a combined version of 37° ± 7°. The described technique allows surgeons to achieve the desired intraoperative combined anteversion. Level of evidence: IV (technical note).

Healthcare Disparities in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Incidence Proportions With US Census-Derived Demographics.

INTRODUCTION: Disparities exist and affect outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between race, ethnicity, and insurance type on the incidence of ACL reconstruction in the United States. METHODS: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database was used to determine demographics and insurance types for those undergoing elective ACL reconstruction from 2016 to 2017. The US Census Bureau was used to obtain demographic and insurance data for the general population. RESULTS: Non-White patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with commercial insurance were more likely to be younger, male, less burdened with comorbidities including diabetes, and less likely to smoke. When we compared Medicaid patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction with all Medicaid recipients, there was an under-representation of Black patients and a similar percentage of White patients undergoing ACL reconstruction (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: This study suggests ongoing healthcare disparities with lower rates of ACL reconstruction for non-White patients and those with public insurance. Equal proportions of patients identifying as Black undergoing ACL reconstruction as compared with the underlying general population suggests a possible narrowing in disparities. More data are needed at numerous points of care between injury, surgery, and recovery to identify and address disparities.

Influence of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors on Hospital Distance for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Disparities exist in access to and outcomes following total knee arthroplasty. However, there is a paucity of data examining the relationship between travel distance and these disparities. Methods: We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, American Hospital Association, and UnitedStatesZipCodes.org Enterprise databases to gather patient demographic and postoperative outcomes data. We calculated the distance traveled between patient population-weighted zip code centroid points and the hospitals at which they received total knee arthroplasty. We then examined the association between travel distance and patient demographic characteristics as well as postoperative adverse outcomes. Results: Among of cohort of 384,038 patients, white patients (16.58 miles) traveled farther on average than Black (10.05) or Hispanic patients (10.54) (P < .0001). Medicare and commercial insurance coverage were associated with greater travel distance (P < .0001). Fewer medical comorbidities (P < .001) and residence in the highest-income areas (P < .0001) were associated with increased travel distance. Differences in postoperative complication rates related to travel distance were not clinically significant. Conclusions: Increased travel distance for total knee arthroplasty was associated with white race, commercial and Medicare insurance coverage, fewer medical comorbidities, and increased socioeconomic status. Future work is needed to determine the underlying causal mechanisms leading to these differences in access to specialized care.

Syringe Services Programs to Reduce Intravenous Disease Transmission in Substance Use Disorders.

Syringe services programs (SSPs) are evidence-based programs. SSPs are integral in preventing bloodborne diseases while increasing access to care and reducing drug overdose deaths. SSPs are often the only source of health care for people who use drugs. Several states in the United States support and offer community-based SPPs; however, US prisons do not offer such programs to those incarcerated. Nurses are bridging the gap in support of SSPs and are being backed by organizations such as the American Nurses Association and the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.

Disparity in Built Environment and Its Impacts on Youths' Physical Activity Behaviors During COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions.

OBJECTIVES: Guided by the social ecological model, this study aimed to examine the relations of built environments (i.e., walking/cycling infrastructure, recreation facilities, neighborhood safety/crime), youth's transition abilities, and changes of youth's physical activity (PA) and play behaviors due to COVID-19-based restrictions. Ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities were also examined on studies variables during the COVID-19 restrictions. METHOD: A cross-sectional research design was used to assess an anonymous online survey completed by US parents/guardians. The final sample had 1324 children and adolescents (Meanage = 9.75; SD = 3.95; 51.3% girls), and 35.5% the families were of upper socioeconomic class (income > $150,000). Parents reported the perceived built environment and neighborhood safety, child's PA and play behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic shelter-in-place restrictions. RESULTS: Youths who had access to safe built environment were more active and played more outdoor/indoor (p < .01). It was found playing behavior in yard and neighborhood were significantly increased, but community-based play behavior was significantly reduced during COVID-19 restrictions. The SEM analysis (χ2/df = 236.04/54; CFI = .966) supported indirect and direct effects of neighborhood safety on PA changes during COVID-19 restrictions, and the youth's ability to respond to COVID-19 restrictions served as a full mediator. Low-SES and Hispanic minority youth reported significantly less safety to walking or playing in their neighborhoods than their middle-/high-SES non-Hispanic peers (p < .001). Regardless of ethnicity, the magnitude of the reduction of MVPA was significantly higher among low-SES groups than that of the high- and middle-SES groups (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a need to tailor programs and policies to help high-risk groups (e.g., low SES) stay active, healthy, and resilient during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Taking the Long Way to Care: Who is Traveling Farthest to Undergo Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background: Disparities in access to total hip arthroplasty (THA) exist. The purpose of this study is to examine how distance traveled to undergo elective THA correlates with sociodemographic variables and postoperative outcomes. Material and methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project New York and Florida state inpatient databases were used to identify patients who underwent elective THA between 2006 and 2014. Data from the American Hospital Association and United States Postal Service were used to calculate the distance patients traveled to receive THA, and only those who traveled more than 25 miles were included. We stratified patients into 4 groups based on their distance traveled (25-50 miles, 50.01-100 miles, 100.01-500 miles, and >500.01 miles) and compared demographic characteristics and postoperative outcomes between groups. Results: Age, race, insurance provider, zip code income quartile, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were each significantly associated with travel distance (P < .001) among our cohort of 25,734 patients. Patients who were older, were white, had Medicare insurance coverage, lived in zip codes with a higher median household income, and had increased comorbidities were more likely to travel the farthest to receive care. There were minimal associations between travel distance and postoperative outcomes. Conclusion: There may be specific demographic groups who either are forced to travel long distances to receive care or have the resources to seek out and travel to distant hospitals in an effort to receive optimal care. Understanding the interconnected relationships between demographic variables is necessary to address disparities in access to specialized orthopedic surgical care.

Demographics of Patients Traveling Notable Distances to Receive Total Knee Arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Although disparities exist in patient access to and outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there are limited data regarding the relationship between travel distance and patient demographics or postoperative complications. METHODS: We identified patients who underwent TKA in Florida and New York between 2006 and 2014 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases. The American Hospital Association and UnitedStatesZipCodes.org Enterprise databases were further used to calculate distance traveled from patient population-weighted zip code centroid points to the hospitals at which they underwent TKA. Patients were grouped by travel distance: 25 to 50, 50 to 100, 100 to 500 miles, and greater than 500 miles. Patient demographic characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between the travel distance groups. RESULTS: Older age, increased medical comorbidities, White race, Medicare insurance coverage, and living in zip codes with greater mean income levels were associated with greater travel distance (P < 0.001). There were no clinically significant relationships between various postoperative complications and distance traveled. DISCUSSION: Certain demographic variables are associated with increased travel distance to undergo TKA. These relationships were most pronounced at the extremes of distance traveled (>500 miles). These differences may indicate that specific patient groups are either electing to or being forced to travel notable distances for orthopaedic care. Additional research is needed to determine the causative mechanisms underlying these findings.

Outcomes of Intramedullary Nailing and External Fixation of Open Tibial Fractures: Three to Five-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: While surgeons in low and middle-income countries have increasing experience with intramedullary nailing (IMN), external fixation (EF) continues to be commonly used for the management of open tibial fractures. We examined outcomes with extended follow-up of the participants enrolled in a clinical trial comparing these treatments. METHODS: Adults who were ≥18 years old with acute AO/OTA type-42 open tibial shaft fractures were randomly assigned to statically locked, hand-reamed IMN or uniplanar EF. These participants were reevaluated 3 to 5 years after treatment. The primary outcome was death or reoperation for the treatment of deep infection, nonunion, or malalignment. Unresolved complications such as persistent fracture-related infection, nonunion, or malalignment were collected and analyzed. Secondary outcomes included the EuroQol-5 Dimension-3 Level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, the Function IndeX for Trauma (FIX-IT) score, radiographic alignment, and the modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures (mRUST). RESULTS: Of the originally enrolled 240 participants,126 (67 managed with IMN and 59 managed with EF) died or returned for follow-up at a mean of 4.0 years (range, 2.9 to 5.2 years). Thirty-two composite primary events occurred, with rates of 23.9% and 27.1% in the IMN and EF groups, respectively. Six of these events (3 in the IMN group and 3 in the EF group) were newly detected after the original 1-year follow-up. Unresolved complications in the form of chronic fracture-related infection or nonunion were present at long-term follow-up in 25% of the participants who sustained a primary event. The EQ-5D-3L index scores were similar between the 2 groups and only returned to preinjury levels after 1 year among patients without complications or those whose complications resolved. CONCLUSIONS: This observational study extended follow-up for a clinical trial assessing IMN versus EF for the treatment of open tibial fractures in sub-Saharan Africa. At a mean of 4 years after injury, fracture-related infection and nonunion became chronic conditions in nearly a quarter of the participants who experienced these complications, regardless of reintervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Host Perspectives of High-Income Country Orthopaedic Resident Rotations in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

BACKGROUND: International orthopaedic resident rotations in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are gaining popularity among high-income country (HIC) residency programs. While evidence demonstrates a benefit for the visiting residents, few studies have evaluated the impact of such rotations on the orthopaedic surgeons and trainees in LMICs. The purpose of this study was to further explore themes identified in a previous survey study regarding the local impact of visiting HIC resident rotations. METHODS: Using a semistructured interview guide, LMIC surgeons and trainees who had hosted HIC orthopaedic residents within the previous 10 years were interviewed until thematic saturation was reached. RESULTS: Twenty attending and resident orthopaedic surgeons from 8 LMICs were interviewed. Positive and negative effects of the visiting residents on clinical care, education, interpersonal relationships, and resource availability were identified. Seven recommendations for visiting resident rotations were highlighted, including a 1 to 2-month rotation length; visiting residents at the senior training level; site-specific prerotation orientation with an emphasis on resident attitudes, including the need for humility; creation of bidirectional opportunities; partnering with institutions with local training programs; and fostering mutually beneficial sustained relationships. CONCLUSIONS: This study explores the perspectives of those who host visiting residents, a viewpoint that is underrepresented in the literature. Future research regarding HIC orthopaedic resident rotations in LMICs should include the perspectives of local surgeons and trainees to strive for mutually beneficial experiences to further strengthen and sustain such academic partnerships.

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Distance Traveled for Elective Hip Arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: There are data that disparities exist in access to total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, to date, no study has examined the relationship between distance traveled to undergo THA and patient demographic characteristics, such as race, insurance provider, and income level as well as postoperative outcomes. METHODS: Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, American Hospital Association, and the United States Postal Service were used to calculate the geographic distance between 211,806 patients' population-weighted zip code centroid points to the coordinates of the hospitals at which they underwent THA. We then used Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data to examine the relationships between travel distance and both patient demographic indicators and postoperative outcomes after THA. RESULTS: White patients traveled farther on average to undergo THA as compared with their non-White counterparts (17.38 vs 13.05 miles) (P < 0.0001). Patients with commercial insurance (17.19 miles) and Medicare (16.65 miles) traveled farther on average to receive care than did patients with Medicaid insurance coverage (14.00 miles) (P = 0.0001). Patients residing in zip codes in the top income quartile traveled farther to receive care (18.73 miles) as compared with those in the lowest income quartile (15.31 miles) (P < 0.0001). No clinically significant association was found between travel distance and adverse postoperative outcomes after THA. DISCUSSION: Race, insurance provider, and zip code income quartile are associated with differences in the distance traveled to undergo THA. These findings may be indicative of underlying disparities in access to care across patient populations.

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in Infants and Toddlers with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review.

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the leading cause of motor disability in childhood. Recent studies have investigated the effectiveness of constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) as an early intervention for infants and toddlers with hemiplegic CP. This scoping review aims to identify current evidence for CIMT protocols for children 3 months to 5 years 11 months as well as clinical applications for practice and gaps in research. Selected databases and additional studies were searched and reviewed with 10 studies were selected for review. Results show CIMT for infants and toddlers is a feasible and effective treatment consisting of caregiver coaching, treatment in the child's typical environment, and just right activities. Future research is needed to determine the effects of different dosages in early CIMT, and the long term developmental effects throughout childhood.

International Orthopaedic Volunteer Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

ABSTRACT: Globally, the burden of musculoskeletal conditions continues to rise, disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The ability to meet these orthopaedic surgical care demands remains a challenge. To help address these issues, many orthopaedic surgeons seek opportunities to provide humanitarian assistance to the populations in need. While many global orthopaedic initiatives are well-intentioned and can offer short-term benefits to the local communities, it is essential to emphasize training and the integration of local surgeon-leaders. The commitment to developing educational and investigative capacity, as well as fostering sustainable, mutually beneficial partnerships in low-resource settings, is critical. To this end, global health organizations, such as the Consortium of Orthopaedic Academic Traumatologists (COACT), work to promote and ensure the lasting sustainability of musculoskeletal trauma care worldwide. This article describes global orthopaedic efforts that can effectively address musculoskeletal care through an examination of 5 domains: clinical care, clinical research, surgical education, disaster response, and advocacy.