Mapping of polyomavirus middle T domain that is responsible for AP-1 activation.

Cell transformation by Polyomavirus middle T (MT) oncoprotein involves binding and activation of several cytoplasmic proteins that participate in growth factors-induced mitogenic signal transduction to the nucleus. We have previously reported that the AP-1 transcriptional complex is a target for MT during cell transformation. To analyse the interactions between MT and cellular proteins that are required for constitutive AP-1 activation, we compared wild type and transformation-defective MT mutant cell lines. High AP-1 activity, assessed by gel mobility shift assays, displayed by MT-overexpressing cells, is dependent on MT binding to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (P13K). Treatment with wortmannin (a specific P13K inhibitor) leads to decreased AP-1 activity. Supershift and Western blot analysis with specific antisera, indicate that JunB and cJun, but not cFos or FosB are present in the AP-1 complex. The results confirm the AP-1 complex as a downstream MT target and indicate that AP-1 activation may not be sufficient for cell transformation, since two transformation-defective MT mutants (250phe and MT322) display high AP-1 activity.

Manual de Enfermeria Psiquiatrica

Comprende los tipos de conducta desde la infancia hasta la vejez. Consta de 3 secciones divididas: I. Desarrollo Humano, II. Psiquiatrica, III. Medica. Es de gran valor para las enfermeras que trabajan en las unidades de psiquiatria de los hospitales generales, que no han seguido un curso especifico de formación profesional de enfermería psiquiátrica

Chemical attraction between adults of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: description of the phenomenon and effects of host immunity.

Attraction between adults of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was studied both in vivo and in vitro particularly with regard to the effects of host immunity on the behavior of the parasite. Most worms were found in clusters in the intestines of larval-infected rats but the number of isolated worms, particularly females, was greater in 14-day (immune) than in 7-day infected (nonimmune) hosts. Intubation of small numbers of normal adults into uninfected rats resulted in recovery of mostly aggregated worms unless infections consisted only of males. In contrast, immune-damaged worms exhibited little aggregation regardless of the sexes of worms instilled. Analysis of pairing between worms in vitro indicated that attraction occurred in the absence of host factors between all permutations of normal worms except male-male combinations. Pairing between damaged worms occurred only between males and females and not between worms of the same sex. Attraction to worm excretory and secretory products (ES) indicated that chemical factors mediated pairing. Normal female ES was attractive to both sexes whereas damaged female ES failed to attract either sex. ES from both normal and damaged males attracted females but not males thereby confirming the results of other experiments.

The measurement of total protein synthesis and catabolism and nitrogen turnover in infants in different nutritional states and receiving different amounts of dietary protein

Total nitrogen turnover and the rates of synthesis and catabolism of total body protein were measured in infants, by means of a constant intragastric infusion of [15N] glycine. Experimental evidence is presented to support the assumption that amino acids from food and from tissue protein catabolism are indiscriminately handled by the body, and that [15N] glycine is a valid tracer for the mixture of total amino-N. N turnover, synthesis and catabolism of protein were all significantly higher in the malnourished as compared to the recovered infant. Net protein synthesis was the same in the two states, and a greater proportion of the N entering the pool was synthesized into protein in the malnourished infant. The rate of total protein synthesis in recovered infants was about 6g per kg body weight per day and was the same in infants receiving a low protein or a high protein intake. However, catabolism was significantly increased and there was greater utilization of N for protein synthesis in infants on a low protein diet. The mechanisms of adaptation to infantile malnutrition and to a low protein diet may be brought about through changes in amount or activity of enzymes concerned with amino acid metabolism. (AU)