ABSTRACT
Aims: Much research indicates that an individual's personality impacts the initiation and escalation of substance use and problems in youth. The acquired-preparedness model suggests that personality influences substance use by modifying learning about substances, which then affects substance use. The current study used longitudinal data to test whether automatic cannabis-related cognitions (memory associations and outcome expectancy liking) mediate the relationship between four personality traits with later cannabis use. Methods: The study focused on initiation of use in a sample of adolescents who had not previously used (n = 670). Results: A structural equation model supported a full mediation effect and the hypothesis that personality affects cannabis use in youth by influencing automatic memory associations and outcome expectancy liking. Further findings from the same model also indicated a mediation effect of these cognitions in the relationship between age and cannabis use. Conclusion: The findings of the study support the acquired-preparedness model where personality influences automatic associations in the context of dual-processing theories of substance use.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: Multiple social influences affect cannabis use in adolescents, including parental and peer cannabis use norms. However, the mechanisms of influence underlying these social influences remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that cognitions about cannabis use and the effects of cannabis may mediate social influences. The current study explored the relationship between automatic self-generated cognitions and their relationship with parental influences on cannabis use in a sample of n = 675 11 to 16-year-old adolescents over three years (Mean Age: 13.96, SD = 0.88, 56.4% female). METHODS: Participants reported perceptions of parental cannabis use and completed a cannabis word association task (CWAT), an open-ended cannabis outcome expectancy liking (COEL) task, and measures of cannabis use in the past year. RESULTS: Perceived parental use did not directly predict cannabis use two years later. However, a latent construct loading on both CWAT and COEL scores strongly predicted cannabis use over the following year. Structural modelling demonstrated that the association between previous cannabis use and parental cannabis use and adolescents' cannabis use over the next two years was fully mediated by cognitions. CONCLUSION: The results of the study are discussed and interpreted through the lens of dual-process theories.
