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1.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 79(7): 630-646, 2021 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34468499

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive stimulation has been widely used in the past 30 years to study and treat a large number of neurological diseases, including movement disorders. OBJECTIVE: In this critical review, we illustrate the rationale for use of these techniques in movement disorders and summarize the best medical evidence based on the main clinical trials performed to date. METHODS: A nationally representative group of experts performed a comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze the key clinical decision-making factors driving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in movement disorders. Classes of evidence and recommendations were described for each disease. RESULTS: Despite unavoidable heterogeneities and low effect size, TMS is likely to be effective for treating motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson's disease (PD). The efficacy in other movement disorders is unclear. TMS is possibly effective for focal hand dystonia, essential tremor and cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, it is likely to be ineffective in reducing tics in Tourette syndrome. Lastly, tDCS is likely to be effective in improving gait in PD. CONCLUSIONS: There is encouraging evidence for the use of noninvasive stimulation on a subset of symptoms in selected movement disorders, although the means to optimize protocols for improving positive outcomes in routine clinical practice remain undetermined. Similarly, the best stimulation paradigms and responder profile need to be investigated in large clinical trials with established therapeutic and assessment paradigms that could also allow genuine long-term benefits to be determined.


Subject(s)
Cerebellar Ataxia , Dystonic Disorders , Parkinson Disease , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation , Humans , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
2.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry ; 25(1): 73-80, 2017 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27742525

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Parkinson disease (PD) psychosis is a condition associated with several negative outcomes. Despite its impact, there is a lack of validated diagnostic tools for this condition. In this study, we aim to verify the validity of the proposed NINDS criteria for PD psychosis and explore its possible applications in clinical practice. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS: We prospectively selected 104 subjects with idiopathic PD referred to a movement disorder clinic for a cross-sectional evaluation. MEASUREMENTS: A neurological evaluation confirmed idiopathic PD and classified PD psychosis according to the NINDS criteria. A psychiatrist then classified the subject according to DSM-IV-TR criteria for psychosis, considered the reference standard. We used Cohen's kappa (κ) to quantify reliability between methods. Finally, we designed models assigning a weighted score to each characteristic psychotic symptom from the NINDS criteria (criterion A), and plotted receiver operating curves for each model. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 52 (50%) met proposed criteria for NINDS PD psychosis and 16 (15.6%) met reference standard criteria. Inter-rater reliability showed only a fair agreement (κ = 0.30). By using a scoring approach for each NINDS criteria item and a cutoff total score for the diagnosis of PD psychosis, we significantly increased the agreement for diagnosis reliability (κ = 0.72), with sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Although the NINDS criteria had limited reliability for diagnosing PD psychosis, a scoring approach for symptoms showed good reliability, with sensitivity and specificity above 90%. This scoring approach may be an accurate tool for identifying patients with PD psychosis.


Subject(s)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.)/standards , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , United States
3.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 71(10): 774-9, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24212513

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: We ascertained whether a public health stroke unit reduces the length of hospitalization, the rate of inpatient fatality, and the mortality rate 30 days after the stroke. METHODS: We compared a cohort of stroke patients managed on a general neurology/medical ward with a similar cohort of stroke patients managed in a stroke unit. The in-patient fatality rates and 30-day mortality rates were analyzed. RESULTS: 729 patients were managed in the general ward and 344 were treated at a comprehensive stroke unit. The in-patient fatality rates were 14.7% for the general ward group and 6.9% for the stroke unit group (p<0.001). The overall mortality rate 30 days after stroke was 20.9% for general ward patients and 14.2% for stroke unit patients (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We observed reduced in-patient fatalities and 30-day mortality rates in patients managed in the stroke unit. There was no impact on the length of hospitalization.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Hospital Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Stroke/mortality , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Time Factors
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(10): 774-779, out. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689788

ABSTRACT

We ascertained whether a public health stroke unit reduces the length of hospitalization, the rate of inpatient fatality, and the mortality rate 30 days after the stroke. Methods We compared a cohort of stroke patients managed on a general neurology/medical ward with a similar cohort of stroke patients managed in a str oke unit. The in-patient fatality rates and 30-day mortality rates were analyzed. Results 729 patients were managed in the general ward and 344 were treated at a comprehensive stroke unit. The in-patient fatality rates were 14.7% for the general ward group and 6.9% for the stroke unit group (p<0.001). The overall mortality rate 30 days after stroke was 20.9% for general ward patients and 14.2% for stroke unit patients (p=0.005). Conclusions We observed reduced in-patient fatalities and 30-day mortality rates in patients managed in the stroke unit. There was no impact on the length of hospitalization. .


Avaliar o impacto da unidade de AVC (acidente vascular cerebral) no sistema público de saúde sobre o tempo de internação, mortalidade hospitalar e mortalidade após 30 dias do AVC agudo. Métodos Comparamos uma coorte de pacientes com AVC agudo tratados em enfermaria neurológica ou geral (EG) com uma coorte similar de pacientes com AVC tratados em uma unidade de AVC (UAVC), em um mesmo hospital público. Resultados 729 pacientes foram conduzidos na EG e 344 foram tratados em uma UAVC. A mortalidade inicial foi de 14,7% na EG e 6,9% na UAVC (p<0,001). A mortalidade geral em 30 dias após o AVC foi de 20.9% nos pacientes tratados na EG e 14,2% naqueles tratados na UAVC (p=0,005). Conclusão Observamos significante redução da mortalidade inicial e da mortalidade após 30 dias do AVC nos pacientes tratados na UAVC. Não houve impacto sobre o tempo de internação. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Hospital Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Stroke/mortality , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Time Factors
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(3A): 592-595, set. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-364976

ABSTRACT

Em nosso meio há raros estudos que verifiquem quais as causas mais prevalentes de demência pré-senil. Avaliamos retrospectivamente os prontuários de pacientes com início precoce de alterações cognitivas, ambulatório de Neurologia da Cognição do Hospital Santa Marcelina. Entre os 141 sujeitos (61% de homens) não houve diferença quanto às idades de início e à primeira consulta e escolaridade entre os sexos. Observamos aumento no número de demência após os 50 anos. A causa mais freqüente foi vascular (36,9%), seguida por doença de Alzheimer (20,3%) e secundária a trauma cranio encefálico (9,2%). Houve diferença entre os tipos de demência quanto à idade na primeira consulta e idade de início, escolaridade e duração do quadro. Ao contrário de outros estudos o diagnóstico mais freqüente foi demência vascular. Novos estudos em nosso meio deverão ser realizados para avaliar este achado nas demências de início precoce.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Dementia/epidemiology , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Age of Onset , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dementia/etiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Outpatients , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
6.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 62(3A): 592-5, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15334214

ABSTRACT

There are very few reports about prevalence of presenile dementia in Brazil. We reviewed files of patients evaluated with early onset of cognitive impairment in our institution. Among 141 patients (61% males) there was no difference between gender by age at onset or at first evaluation. We have observed an increasing number of patients after 50 years. The most frequent causes were: vascular dementia (36.9%), Alzheimer's disease (20.3%) and traumatic brain injury (9.2%). There was difference among dementia type by age of onset and first evaluation, educational level and length of dementia. These results may be compared with those from other neurologic services in order to replicate or confirm these results.


Subject(s)
Dementia/epidemiology , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Age of Onset , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dementia/etiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Outpatients , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(4): 1115-7, Dec. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-273854

ABSTRACT

Descreve-se um caso de síndrome de Miller Fisher associada a neuropatia óptica desmielinizante bilateral, confirmada pelo exame de potencial evocado visual, sugerindo possível comprometimento do sistema nervoso central nessa síndrome


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Miller Fisher Syndrome/diagnosis , Optic Neuritis/diagnosis , Miller Fisher Syndrome/complications , Optic Neuritis/complications
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 53(4): 737-42, dez. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-161577

ABSTRACT

A ocorrência de discinesias dificulta consideravelmente o manuseio terapêutico dos pacientes parkinsonianos tratados como levodopa. Estudamos asa caracrísticas clínicas das discinesias em 176 pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson e tratados com levodopa. As discinesias ocorreram, em média, após 6,2 anos de duraçao da doença a após 4,2 anos de tratamento como levodopa. A maioris dos pacientes (90 por cento) achava-se nos estágios II e III de Hoehn & Yahr por ocasiao do início das discinesias. As discinesiasmais frequentes foram de "pico de dose" e "contínua". Movimento do tipo distônico ocorreu em 40 por cento dos casos e predominou nas discinesias de "fim de dose" e "bifásica". Distonia matinal correspondeu a 35 por cento dos casos de distonia. Movimentos coreiformes se manifestaram de forma gerenalizada em 43,2 por cento dos casos. Movimentos distônicos predominaram nos membros inferiores. A discinesia, qunado unilateral, ocorreu mais frequentemente no hemicorpo mais comprometido pela doença de Parkinson. A discinesia orofacial, quando isolada, foi mais frequentes nos pacientes mais idosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/etiology , Levodopa/adverse effects , Age Factors , Aged, 80 and over , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Levodopa/administration & dosage , Levodopa/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 53(2): 245-51, jun. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-153933

ABSTRACT

As flutuaçöes motoras (FM) decorrentes do uso prolongado de levedopa säo uma das principais complicaçöes do tratamento da doença de Parkinson (DP). A utilizaçäo da apomorfina, um potente agonista de receptores dopaminérgicos, associada ao domperidone para bloquear seus efeitos eméticos, surge como uma alternativa para contornar as FM dos parkinsonianos. Para adquirirmos experiência inicial com essa droga, decidimos estudar a açäo e os efeitos adversos da apomorfina em um grupo de quatro pacientes do nosso ambulatório com o diagnóstico de DP e com flutuaçöes do rendimento da levodopa. A apomorfina foi administrada por via subcutânea, sendo obtido o estado "on" em todos os pacientes com doses entre 1,5 e 3mg por aplicaçäo. A latência para o início do efeito variou de 7 a 30 minutos e a duraçäo da açäo de 60 a 85 minutos. O estado "on" produzido com a apomorfina foi indistinguível do observado com a levodopa, inclusive com a ocorrência de discinesias. Näo foram observados efeitos colaterais significativos. Nossa experiência inicial mostra que a apomorfina, em doses relativamente baixa, é uma alternativa eficaz para as FM da DP, com poucos efeitos colaterais


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Apomorphine/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Apomorphine/administration & dosage , Apomorphine/adverse effects , Domperidone/administration & dosage , Domperidone/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Levodopa/adverse effects
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 52(4): 466-70, dez. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-150511

ABSTRACT

A presença de tremor e distonia de torçäo no mesmo paciente é frequente mas näo há explicaçäo satisfatória para isso. Suspeita-se que haja uma associaçäo da distonia idiopática (DI) com o tremor essencial (TE). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a frequência de tremor postural das mäos em pacientes com DI e distonia sintomática (DS). Foram estudados os prontuários de 185 pacientes com o diagnóstico sindrômico de distonia atendidos no Setor de Investigaçäo em Moléstias Extrapiramidais da Escola Paulista de Medicina. DI foi diagnosticada quando näo havia anormalidade no exame neurológico além da distonia e havia exames laboratóriais e de neuroimagem, relacionados à distonia, normais e história pregressa negativa para fatores causais de distonia. Foram analisadas as caracteristicas clínicas da distonia e a presença de tremor postural nas mäos. Havia 185 pacientes, 120 com DI e 65 com DS. Tremor postural das mäos ocorreu em 27 (22,5 por cento) DI e 14(21,5 por cento) das DS. Tremor esteve presente nos quadros focais, segmentares e generalizados e também nos diversos tipos clínicos de DI e DS em proporçöes semelhantes. História familiar de TE estava ausente em todos os casos com tremor. A presença de tremor postural das mäos em pacientes com DI e DS pode sugerir que a desorganizaçäo fisipatológica que produz a distonia pode favorecer o aparecimento do tremor


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dystonia/complications , Dystonia/diagnosis , Tremor/complications
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