ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to describe the evolution of the pandemic in a school context, following the introduction of school nurses into the educational setting. BACKGROUND: The first wave of COVID-19 in Spain prevented social interaction by imposing lockdowns on the population. All non-essential activities, including face-to-face education, were interrupted, affecting the school-aged population during the second and third trimester of the 2019/2020 school year. Schools are places where prevention, identification and case management measures should be rapidly implemented. METHODS: This is a prospective and descriptive study using a quantitative method to study the school population of Granada and its province during the school year 2020/2021, from September 2020 to May 2021. The study participants were all schools under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Delegation of Education of Granada, whether public, private, state-subsidised or charter schools, including all educational stages. RESULTS: The confirmation rate in Granada city (11.2%), in contrast to the Andalusian average (6.9%), places Granada as the province with the highest incidence rate. The infection rates among teachers show the same confirmation rate as the general population of Granada (9%); however, among students this rate is lower (7%). There is a higher incidence of outbreaks taking place outside school and a lower incidence of outbreaks occurring within the school environment. Both partial and total outbreaks are more frequent in early childhood education. CONCLUSION: The early identification and management of reported suspected cases of COVID-19 in schools is proving effective in preventing infection in the school population, achieving good pandemic control in schools, and reducing the number of outbreaks and people affected. Schools have been confirmed to be safe. Establishing screening for asymptomatic schoolchildren could be a tool to improve control in schools.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the technique and duration of breastfeeding in healthy children and children with Down Syndrome (DS) using the breastfeeding observation form. Materials and methods: An observational study of a prospective cohort was carried out at the Clinical Hospital of Granada during 2015. The Study Group consisted of 40 children with DS and the control group was formed by each new-born with DS and a healthy new-born with the same characteristics of weight and gestational age was selected. The new-borns evaluated shared housing with the mother where the technique was valued during the first 5 days postpartum by a health professional. A bivariable analysis was performed to compare the groups using Student's T test for numerical variables and chi-square for categorical variables. Results: Lactogenesis onset was earlier in the DS group (92.5 % in the first 24 hours vs 20 %; p <0.001). It was observed that 60 % of the healthy children were breastfed for more than three months while in the group of babies with DS this time period was 47.5 %. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the breastfeeding technique presented at the beginning more difficulties in mothers of children with DS and it has been shown that technical errors influence the onset and duration of breastfeeding in mothers of these children.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la técnica y la duración de la lactancia materna (LM) en niños sanos y en niños con síndrome de Down (SD), a través del Formulario de observación del amamantamiento. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte prospectivo en el Hospital Clínico de Granada, a finales de 2015. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por cuarenta pacientes con SD, y el grupo control se conformó por niños recién nacidos con dicha alteración y, en la misma cantidad, por niños sanos, con las mismas características de peso y edad gestacional. Los recién nacidos evaluados estuvieron en una habitación conjunta con la madre, donde el personal sanitario valoró la técnica durante los primeros cinco días posparto. Se realizó un análisis bivariante para comparar los grupos, utilizando el test t de Student para las variables numéricas, y el chi-cuadrado, para las categóricas. Resultados: la lactogénesis se produjo primero en el grupo sin SD (92,5 % en las primeras 24 horas vs 20 %; p<0,001). Se observó que el 60 % de los niños sanos mantuvieron la LM por más de tres meses, mientras que el grupo de bebés con SD logró en este tiempo el 47,5%. Conclusiones: la LM presentó, al inicio, más dificultades en las madres de niños con SD. Los errores técnicos influyen en el inicio y en el mantenimiento de la LM en las madres de estos niños.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a técnica e a duração do aleitamento materno em crianças saudáveis e crianças com síndrome de Down (SD), com a utilização do formulário de observação do aleitamento materno. Materiais e métodos: estudo de coorte prospectivo observacional, realizado no Hospital Clínico de Granada, em 2015. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 40 pacientes com SD e o grupo controle formado por recém-nascidos com essa alteração e com crianças saudáveis, considerando as mesmas características de peso e idade gestacional. Os recém-nascidos avaliados estavam em um quarto conjunto com a mãe, onde a técnica foi avaliada durante os primeiros cinco dias pós-parto pela equipe médica. Uma análise bivariada foi realizada para comparar os grupos, utilizando o teste t de Student para as variáveis numéricas e o qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas. Resultados: a lactogênese ocorreu primeiramente no grupo sem SD (92,5 % nas primeiras 24 horas vs 20 %; p <0,001). Tornou-se evidente que 60 % das crianças saudáveis mantiveram a amamentação por mais de três meses, enquanto no grupo de bebês com SD, esse tempo foi de 47,5 %. Conclusões: os resultados deste estudo revelam que a técnica de amamentação apresentou no início mais dificuldades em mães de crianças com SD e demonstrou que erros técnicos influenciam o início e a manutenção do aleitamento materno em mães dessas crianças.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Breast Feeding , Down Syndrome , Child , Community Health Nursing , Observational Study , Infant CareABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This work sought to evaluate a physical exercise program of moderate intensity in patients operated of bariatric surgery and its influence on muscle strength. Method: Randomized clinical trial, with an intervention group and a control group. Forty three patients were operated of bariatric surgery. The intervention group was applied a program of moderate physical activity during six months. Grip strength and bioimpedance were measured at their baseline form, at one month, and six months after surgery. A bivariate study was conducted to observe variable changes. Results: Upon conducting Student´s t for independent samples in all the variables (weight, body mass index, grip strength, lean mass, fat mass, and metabolism), the result is that no significant differences exist between the intervention group and the control group with p > 0.05. Conclusion: A program of moderate physical activity lasting six months in patients intervened of bariatric surgery has no significant result in the development of muscle mass evaluated through manual dynamometry and bioimpedance.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar un programa de ejercicio físico de intensidad moderada en pacientes operados de cirugía bariátrica y su influencia en la fuerza muscular. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con un grupo de intervención y un grupo control. Cuarenta y tres pacientes fueron operados de cirugía bariátrica. Al grupo de intervención se le aplicó un programa de actividad física moderada durante seis meses. La fuerza de agarre y la bioimpedancia se midieron en su forma basal, al mes y a los seis meses después de la cirugía. Se realizó un estudio de bivariante para observar los cambios de las variables. Resultados: al realizar la prueba de t de student para muestras independientes en todas las variables (peso, índice de masa corporal, fuerza de agarre, masa magra, masa grasa y metabolismo), el resultado es que no hay diferencias significativas entre el grupo de intervención y el grupo control con p>0,05. Conclusión: un programa de actividad física moderado de seis meses de duración en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica no tiene resultados significantes en el desarrollo de la masa muscular evaluada a través de la dinamometría manual y la bioimpedancia.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar um programa de exercício físico de intensidade moderada em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e sua influência na força muscular. Materiais e método: ensaio clínico randomizado, com um grupo de intervenção e um grupo controle. Quarenta e três pacientes foram operados de cirurgia bariátrica. Ao grupo de intervenção, foi aplicado um programa de atividade física moderada durante seis meses. A força muscular e a bioimpedância foram medidas em sua forma basal em um mês e aos seis meses depois da cirurgia. Foi realizado um estudo de bivariante para observar as mudanças das variáveis. Resultados: ao realizar o teste t de Student para amostras independentes em todas as variáveis (peso, índice de massa corporal, força muscular, massa magra, massa gordurosa e metabolismo), não se verificam diferenças significativas entre o grupo de intervenção e o grupo controle com p > 0,05. Conclusão: um programa de atividade física moderada de seis meses de duração em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica não apresenta resultados significantes no desenvolvimento da massa muscular avaliada por meio da dinamometria manual e da bioimpedância.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise , Bariatric Surgery , Motor Activity , Obesity, Morbid , Body Mass Index , Hand Strength , Exercise Therapy , ObesityABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: To perform a systematic review of scientific literature on the impact of oral health on the quality of life of pregnant women. Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was carried out and 16 specific articles/studies on the subject were selected. Results: Pregnant women's quality of life (QoL) is related to age, number of pregnancies, pain, difficulty eating and presence of dental caries. Quality of life was directly related to oral health. Conclusions: It was found that most studies associating QoL and oral health during pregnancy were cross-sectional and observational; therefore, for a better understanding of these impacts, performing longitudinal studies from the beginning of pregnancy until postpartum is necessary. The need for preventive oral health counseling and dental care assistance during pregnancy is highlighted.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre el impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida de las embarazadas. Métodos: Se lleva a cabo una búsqueda sistemática y se seleccionaron 16 artículos específicos sobre el tema, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: La calidad de vida (CdV) en la embarazada está relacionado con la edad, número de embarazos, dolor, dificultad para comer y presencia de caries. La calidad de vida se relacionó directamente con la salud oral. Conclusiones: A través de esta revisión se encontró que la mayoría de los estudios que relacionaban la CdV y la salud oral durante la gestación fueron de corte observacional transversal, por ello para una mejor comprensión de estos impactos, es necesario realizar estudios longitudinales desde el comienzo del embarazo hasta el posparto. Se destaca la necesidad de asesoramiento de salud oral preventiva y una ruta de atención dental durante el embarazo.