ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A cost-utility analysis was conducted to assess the efficiency of implementing a PCV20 vaccination strategy in the Spanish adult population older than 60 years, for the prevention of non-bacteremic pneumococcalpneumonia (NBP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). METHODS: A Markov model, with annual cycles and a time horizon of 10 years was used. The analysis population was stratified by age and risk groups. The comparator was the sequential vaccination with the 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) followed by one dose of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). The base case analysis was performed from the National Healthcare System (NHS) perspective including direct costs (2018) and applying a discount of 3% to future costs and outcomes. Alternative scenarios explored a shorter time horizon (5 years), the societal perspective and other available vaccination strategies. All the parameters and assumptions were validated by a panel of experts. To evaluate the robustness of the model, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were carried out. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the vaccination strategy with PCV20 is a dominant option compared to the sequential regimen (PCV15 + PPSV23), resulting in direct cost savings of 85.7 M over 10 years, with a small increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). PCV20 vaccination avoided 2,161 cases of IPD, 19,470 of NBP and 3,396 deaths and according to the PSA, the probability of PCV20 being cost-effective compared to a sequential regimen (PCV15 + PPSV23) was 100%. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: In the Spanish adult population older than 60 years, the vaccination strategy with one dose of PCV20 is more effective and less expensive (dominant) than vaccination with a sequential schedule with PCV15 and PPSV23.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Pneumococcal Infections , Adult , Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Spain , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , Vaccination/methods , Vaccines, ConjugateABSTRACT
The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientific literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of influenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to influenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Influenza, Human , Orthomyxoviridae , Adult , Child , Humans , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Public Health , Community Medicine , VaccinologyABSTRACT
The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientific literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of influenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to influenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Influenza, Human , Orthomyxoviridae , Adult , Child , Humans , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Public Health , Community Medicine , VaccinologyABSTRACT
The inï¬uenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a signiï¬cant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientiï¬c societies involved in inï¬uenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientiï¬c literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of inï¬uenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to inï¬uenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Influenza, Human , Orthomyxoviridae , Child , Adult , Humans , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Public Health , Community Medicine , VaccinologySubject(s)
Humans , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Herpes Zoster , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Chickenpox Vaccine , VaccinationABSTRACT
The coffee plant, with more than 40 billion shrubs, 9 million tons of grains produced, and 80% of its production accounted for by small-scale producers, has been severely damaged since the emergence of Hemileia vastatrix and Hypothenemus hampei. Despite technological support, these pests have caused 20% to 40% production losses, a 50% to 60% deficit in performance, and a cost of between USD 70 million and USD 220 million to the world economies, which forces us to rethink actions centered on people as the key elements to develop appropriate solutions. For this, the present study presents a technological proposal centered on small indigenous coffee producer requirements for introducing Industry 5.0 technologies, considering roadmapping, knowledge management, statistical analysis, and the social, productive, and digital contexts of five localities in Mexico. The results show a correlation between monitoring and control, soil analysis, the creation of organic fertilizers, accompaniment, and coffee experimentation, as the actions to be implemented, proposing the introduction of a mobile application; sensors, virtual platforms, dome-shaped greenhouses, and spectrophotometric technology as relevant technologies centered on indigenous coffee producers' requirements. This study is important for policymakers, academics, and producers who wish to develop strategies centered on people in Mexico and the world.
Subject(s)
Humans , Herpes Zoster , Vaccines , Vaccination , Vaccination Coverage , Risk Groups , Consensus , Spain , Public Health , Preventive MedicineSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Inpatients , Physical Examination , Symptom Assessment , HIV , Tongue/injuries , Reproductive Tract Infections , Chlamydia trachomatis , Tongue Diseases , Communicable Diseases , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Data regarding yeast microbiota in goat milk is scarce. AIMS: To isolate and identify species of the genus Candida in milk samples from clinically healthy goats, and evaluate their enzymatic activity and biofilm formation. METHODS: 1092 milk samples from clinically healthy goats were collected and processed. The yeast isolates were identified by phenotypic, methods and their enzymatic activity (phospholipase, hemolysin and protease) and biofilm formation evaluated. RESULTS: We obtained 221 Candida isolates belonging to six species: Candida kefyr (35.7%), Candida guilliermondii (33%), Candida famata (23.5%), Candida glabrata (5.9%), Candida albicans (1.35%) and Candida parapsilosissensu lato (0.45%). Protease activity was detected in all Candida species while hemolysin activity was only present in C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii, C. famata and C. albicans. Only C. albicans showed phospholipase activity. With the exception of C. parapsilosis sensu lato, all Candida species formed biofilm, with 60.19% of the isolates being poor producers, 9.93% moderate producers, and 1.35% strong producers. CONCLUSIONS: The milk of clinically healthy goats contains several species of the genus Candida that could play a role as opportunistic pathogens in mastitis.
Subject(s)
Candida , Milk , Animals , Biofilms , Candida albicans , Female , GoatsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Splenectomy/adverse effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effectsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Vaccination/methods , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
No disponible
