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INTRODUCTION: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a disease that can affect any organ or tissue. Due to its potential to cause more dangerous sequelae and the barriers to its timely diagnosis, greater clinical awareness of this disease is crucial. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with EPTB in the population of Oaxaca, Mexico. METHODS: This is an unpaired case-control study. The cases were patients with EPTB+ while the controls were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB+) registered in the Tuberculosis Epidemiological Surveillance System. Sociodemographic, clinical, and microbiological variables were recovered. Bivariate analyses were performed and logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: A total of 75 EPTB+ cases and 300 PTB+ controls were included. Of the total sample, 57.1% were men and 60.3% indigenous. The most frequent clinical presentations of EPTB+ were nodal (21.3%), miliary (21.3%), and breast (20.0%). According to logistic regression analysis, age <40 years (OR: 2.25 (95% CI: 1.13-4.49), female sex (OR: 1.92 (95% CI: 1.03-3.56)], urban residence (OR: 2.25 (95% CI: 1.11-4.55)), comorbidity with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (OR: 3.46 (95% CI: 1.31-9.10)), dyspnea (OR: 2.67 (1.22-5.82)), and adenopathy (OR: 3.38 (95% CI: 1.42-8.06)) were positively associated with EPTB+. CONCLUSION: These results can serve as a basis for screening EPTB+, thus improving the preventive and diagnostic capacity of local health services, taking as a starting point women under 40 years of age and patients with HIV/AIDS in urban areas, as well as the presence of adenopathy and dyspnea as clinical characteristics of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Fundamentos: El exceso de grasa se asocia con enfermedades metabólicas, siendo la actividad física (AF) y elsedentarismo los factores modificables más asociados. En universitarios existen cambios importantes en elestilo de vida que impactan en la composición corporal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue asociar la AF enMETs con el porcentaje de grasa (PG) en universitarios de México.Métodos: Estudio transversal, que incluyó 176 estudiantes universitarios del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México.Se evaluó el PG mediante bioimpedancia y la AF a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física(IPAQ). Para asociar la AF con el PG se realizó una regresión lineal múltiple ajustado por edad, IMC ysedentarismo.Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia conjunta de sobrepeso (SP) y obesidad (OB) de 47,2%, mostrandomayor IMC en hombres (p=0,010), el 36,9% tenía un exceso de PG, siendo mayor en mujeres (p<0,001), en lacategoría más alta de PG se mostró mayor proporción en hombres (p<0,001). Se observó una asociación inversaentre mayor cantidad de METs y menor PG (p=0,003).Conclusiones: La presente investigación revela la asociación inversa entre la AF y el PG en estudiantesuniversitarios; así como cifras elevadas de SP, OB y PG. Es importante generar intervenciones integrales de AFen universitarios. (AU)
Background: Excess fat is associated with metabolic diseases. The most associated modifiable factors arephysical activity (PA) and sedentary lifestyle. In university students there are important changes in lifestyle thatimpact body composition. The objective of this research was to associate PA in MET with the percentage ofbody fat (%BF) in university students from Mexico.Methods: Cross-sectional study, 176 university students from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, wereincluded, the %BF was evaluated through bioimpedance and the AF through the IPAQ. To associate PA with%BF, a multiple linear regression adjusted for age, BMI and sedentary lifestyle was performed.Results: we found a joint prevalence of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) of 47.2%, showing a higher BMI inmen (p=0.010), 36.9% had an excess of %BF, being higher in women (<0.001), in the highest category of %BF itwas shown higher proportion in men (<0.001). An inverse association was observed between a higher amountof METs and a lower PG (p=0.003).Conclusions: The present investigation reveals the inverse association between PA and %BF in universitystudents; as well as high numbers of OW, OB and %BF. It is important to generate comprehensive PAinterventions in university students. (AU)
