ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the impact of definitive presurgical diagnosis on surgical margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for primary carcinomas; clinicopathological features were also analyzed. METHODS: This retrospective study included women who underwent BCS for primary carcinomas in 2016 and 2017. Definitive presurgical diagnosis was defined as having a presurgical core needle biopsy (CNB) and not being upstaged between biopsy and surgery. Biopsy data and imaging findings including breast density were retrieved. Inadequate surgical margins (IM) were defined per latest ASCO and ASTRO guidelines. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS: 360 women (median age, 66) met inclusion criteria with 1 having 2 cancers. 82.5% (298/361) were invasive cancers while 17.5% (63/361) were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Most biopsies were US-guided (284/346, 82.0%), followed by mammographic (60/346, 17.3%), and MRI-guided (2/346, 0.6%). US and mammographic CNB yielded median samples of 2 and 4, respectively, with a 14G needle. 15 patients (4.2%) lacked presurgical CNB. The IM rate was 30.0%. In multivariable analysis, large invasive cancers (>20 mm), dense breasts, and DCIS were associated with IM (p = 0.029, p = 0.010, and p = 0.013, respectively). Most importantly, lack of definitive presurgical diagnosis was a risk factor for IM (OR, 2.35; 95% CI: 1.23-4.51, p = 0.010). In contrast, neither patient age (<50) nor aggressive features (e.g., LVI) were associated with IM. CONCLUSION: Lack of a definitive presurgical diagnosis was associated with a two-fold increase of IM in BCS; other risk factors were dense breasts, large invasive cancers, and DCIS.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery , Margins of Excision , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Large-Core Needle/methods , Breast Density , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Image-Guided Biopsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mammography , Mastectomy, Segmental , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Preoperative Period , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tumor Burden , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Many disorders produce similar or overlapping patterns of bone marrow edema in the ankle. Bone marrow edema may present in a few hindfoot bones simultaneously or in a single bone. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to provide guidelines based on clinical history and specific MRI patterns and locations to accurately identify the cause of ankle bone marrow edema. We will first focus on bone marrow edema in general disease categories involving multiple bones, such as reactive processes, trauma, neuroarthropathy, and arthritides. A discussion of bone marrow edema in individual bones of the ankle and hindfoot including the tibia, fibula, talus, and calcaneus will follow. Helpful hints for arriving at the correct diagnosis will be provided in each section. CONCLUSION: After review of this article, radiologists should be able to use their knowledge of clinical history and specific MRI patterns and locations to accurately distinguish between the various causes of bone marrow edema in the ankle and hindfoot.