The Relationship between Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Cycling Performance: Insights from Hypoxia and Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up.

Hypoxia increases inspiratory muscle work and consequently contributes to a reduction in exercise performance. We evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on a 10 km cycling time trial in normoxia (NOR) and hypoxia (HYP). Eight cyclists performed four time trial sessions, two in HYP (FiO2: 0.145) and two in NOR (FiO2: 0.209), of which one was with IMW (set at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure-MIP) and the other was with the placebo effect (PLA: set at 15% MIP). Time trials were unchanged by IMW (NORIMW: 893.8 ± 31.5 vs. NORPLA: 925.5 ± 51.0 s; HYPIMW: 976.8 ± 34.2 vs. HYPPLA: 1008.3 ± 56.0 s; p > 0.05), while ventilation was higher in HYPIMW (107.7 ± 18.3) than HYPPLA (100.1 ± 18.9 L.min-1; p ≤ 0.05), and SpO2 was lower (HYPIMW: 73 ± 6 vs. HYPPLA: 76 ± 6%; p ≤ 0.05). A post-exercise-induced reduction in inspiratory strength was correlated with exercise elapsed time during IMW sessions (HYPIMW: r = -0.79; p ≤ 0.05; NORIMW: r = -0.70; p ≤ 0.05). IMW did not improve the 10 km time trial performance under normoxia and hypoxia.

A common flanking variant is associated with enhanced stability of the FGF14-SCA27B repeat locus.

The factors driving or preventing pathological expansion of tandem repeats remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the FGF14 (GAA)·(TTC) repeat locus in 2,530 individuals by long-read and Sanger sequencing and identified a common 5'-flanking variant in 70.34% of alleles analyzed (3,463/4,923) that represents the phylogenetically ancestral allele and is present on all major haplotypes. This common sequence variation is present nearly exclusively on nonpathogenic alleles with fewer than 30 GAA-pure triplets and is associated with enhanced stability of the repeat locus upon intergenerational transmission and increased Fiber-seq chromatin accessibility.

First report on the electrooxidation of vinpocetine using a modification free sensing platform: application to pharmaceutical formulations.

This study presents the first insights into vinpocetine (VIN) behavior, a nootropic compound, on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed an irreversible oxidation peak at +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), with pH dependency indicating proton involvement in the electrochemical reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) optimized VIN's molecular geometry, while Fukui functions and dual descriptors elucidated its reactivity for a more straightforward exploration of the complete electrooxidation mechanism. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated VIN sensing capabilities within a concentration range of 0.20 to 12.8 mg L-1, with a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) at 0.07 mg L-1, using optimized conditions of supporting electrolyte. The method showed selectivity in the presence of excipients and interfering species commonly found in pharmaceutical formulations. Recovery tests yielded 95.5% (n = 3), and quantification in pharmaceutical formulations showed no significant differences compared to the reference method based on HPLC DAD. This novel electroanalytical method holds promise for VIN nootropic sensing and routine pharmaceutical analysis.

Structure and repair of replication-coupled DNA breaks.

Using CRISPR/Cas9 nicking enzymes, we examine the interaction between the replication machinery and single strand breaks, one of the most common forms of endogenous DNA damage. We show that replication fork collapse at leading strand nicks generates resected single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR). If these seDSBs are not promptly repaired, arrival of adjacent forks creates double ended DSBs (deDSBs), which could drive genomic scarring in HR-deficient cancers. deDSBs can also be generated directly when the replication fork bypasses lagging strand nicks. Unlike deDSBs produced independently of replication, end-resection at nick-induced se/deDSBs is BRCA1-independent. Nevertheless, BRCA1 antagonizes 53BP1 suppression of RAD51 filament formation. These results highlight unique mechanisms that maintain replication fork stability.

Heated environment increases blood pressure drop and postural sway during initial orthostasis in healthy subjects.

PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that heat stress influences the closed-loop cardio-postural control by an increased blood pressure (BP) drop and postural sway. METHODS: Fourteen healthy individuals (eight women) performed two orthostatic tests under thermal reference (TC; ~ 24 ºC) and HOT (~ 38 ºC) conditions. The center-of-pressure (COP) displacements and the electromyography (EMG) activity of the calf muscles (medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior) were recorded during the initial orthostasis (ORT onset) after the supine-to-stand challenge. At the same period, BP (beat-to-beat) was continuously monitored, and supine-to-stand variations (∆%) were calculated. Sublingual temperature (Tsl) was measured as a surrogate of internal temperature. RESULTS: Tsl increased in HOT compared to TC (TC 36.5 ± 0.3 vs. HOT 36.7 ± 0.3 ºC; p < 0.01). COP distance was greater in HOT compared to TC condition (TC 596.6 ± 242.4 vs. HOT 680.2 ± 249.1 mm; p < 0.01). EMG activity of the gastrocnemius decreased in HOT compared to TC condition (TC 95.5 ± 19.8 vs. HOT 78.4 ± 22.8%mV; p = 0.02). EMG of tibialis did not change between TC and HOT (TC 83.5 ± 42.9 vs. HOT 66.1 ± 31.9% mV; p = 0.29). BP showed a greater fall in HOT compared to TC condition (∆%TC - 24.5 ± 13.2 vs. ∆%HOT - 33.2 ± 20.2%; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Heat stress causes a greater fall in blood pressure and a reduction in musculoskeletal pump activity during orthostatic onset. These effects could be potential mechanisms that underlie augmented postural instability under a heated environment.

O armário: Fruiting phenology data for 4,462 plant taxa in Portugal (1926-2013).

Species phenology - the timing of key life events - is being altered by ongoing climate changes with yet underappreciated consequences for ecosystem stability. While flowering is generally occurring earlier, we know much less about other key processes such as the time of fruit ripening, largely due to the lack of comprehensive long-term datasets. Here we provide information on the exact date and site where seeds of 4,462 taxa were collected for the Index Seminum (seed exchange catalogue) of the Botanic Garden of the University of Coimbra, between 1926 and 2013. Seeds were collected from spontaneous and cultivated individuals across Portugal, including both native and introduced taxa. The database consists of 127,747 curated records with information on the species, or infraspecific taxa (including authority), and the day and site where seeds were collected. All records are georeferenced and provided with a confidence interval for the collection site. Taxonomy was first curated manually by in-house botanists and then harmonized according to the GBIF backbone taxonomy.

Predominant cardiac sympathetic modulation during wake and sleep in patients with Rett syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological disorder primarily associated with mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. The syndrome is characterized by cognitive, social, and physical impairments, as well as sleep disorders and epilepsy. Notably, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is a key feature of the syndrome. Although Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been used to investigate autonomic nervous system dysfunction in RTT during wakefulness, there is still a significant lack of information regarding the same during sleep. Therefore, our aim was to investigate cardiovascular autonomic modulation during sleep in subjects with RTT compared to an age-matched healthy control group (HC). METHOD: A complete overnight polysomnographic (PSG) recording was obtained from 11 patients with Rett syndrome (all females, 10 ± 4 years old) and 11 HC (all females, 11 ± 4 years old; p = 0.48). Electrocardiogram and breathing data were extracted from PSG and divided into wake, non-REM, and REM sleep stages. Cardiac autonomic control was assessed using symbolic non-linear heart rate variability analysis. The symbolic analysis identified three patterns: 0 V% (sympathetic), 2UV%, and 2LV% (vagal). RESULTS: The 0 V% was higher in the RTT group than in the HC group during wake, non-REM, and REM stages (p < 0.01), while the 2LV and 2UV% were lower during wake and sleep stages (p < 0.01). However, the 0 V% increased similarly from the wake to the REM stage in both RTT and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the sympatho-vagal balance shifted towards sympathetic predominance and vagal withdrawal during wake and sleep in RTT, although cardiac autonomic dynamics were preserved during sleep.

Berberine and hesperidin prevent the memory consolidation impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish.

This study verified the effects of the natural compounds berberine and hesperidin on seizure development and cognitive impairment triggered by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in zebrafish. Adult animals were submitted to a training session in the inhibitory avoidance test and, after 10 minutes, they received an intraperitoneal injection of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg berberine or 100 or 200 mg/kg hesperidin. After 30 minutes, the animals were exposed to 7.5 mM PTZ for 10 minutes. Animals were submitted to the test session 24 h after the training session to verify their cognitive performance. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to 100 µM or 500 µM berberine or 10 µM or 50 µM hesperidin for 30 minutes. After, larvae were exposed to PTZ and had the seizure development evaluated by latency to reach the seizure stages I, II, and III. Adult zebrafish pretreated with 50 mg/kg berberine showed a longer latency to reach stage III. Zebrafish larvae pretreated with 500 µM berberine showed a longer latency to reach stages II and III. Hesperidin did not show any effect on seizure development both in larvae and adult zebrafish. Berberine and hesperidin pretreatments prevented the memory consolidation impairment provoked by PTZ-induced seizures. There were no changes in the distance traveled in adult zebrafish pretreated with berberine or hesperidin. In larval stage, berberine caused no changes in the distance traveled; however, hesperidin increased the locomotion. Our results reinforce the need for investigating new therapeutic alternatives for epilepsy and its comorbidities.

Removal of doxorubicin hydrochloride and crystal violet from aqueous solutions using spray-dried niobium oxide coated with chitosan-activated carbon: Experimental and DFT calculations.

Spray-dried niobium oxide coated with chitosan-activated carbon (NIC) was synthesized and used to remove doxorubicin hydrochloride and crystal violet from aqueous solutions under different parameters such as solution pH (2, 4, 6, and 8), contact time (1 to 9 h), initial concentration (20 to 200 mg L-1), and competing ions (0.1 M of CaCl2 and NaCl). The addition of 5 % chitosan-activated carbon to the matrix of niobium oxide slightly increased the specific surface area from 26 to 30 m2 g-1, with the introduction of a carboxylic functional group. This led to an increase in the amount of adsorbed doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOH) from 30 to 44 mg g-1 and that of crystal violet (CV) from 15 to 32 mg g-1 from the initial respective 100 mg L-1 at pH 8. The data from the concentration study fitted into Liu isotherm having adsorption capacity of 128 and 57 mg g-1 for DOH and CV respectively, while pseudo first and second order are more suitable for adsorption kinetics. The additional functional groups on the IR spectrum of NIC after the adsorption of DOH and CV confirmed the interaction between NIC and the adsorbates' molecules. The mechanism of adsorption was supported by DFT calculations.

All-fiber broadband spectral acousto-optic modulation of a tubular-lattice hollow-core optical fiber.

We demonstrate a broadband acousto-optic notch filter based on a tubular-lattice hollow-core fiber for the first time to our knowledge. The guided optical modes are modulated by acoustically induced dynamic long-period gratings along the fiber. The device is fabricated employing a short interaction length (7.7 cm) and low drive voltages (10 V). Modulated spectral bands with 20 nm half-width and maximum depths greater than 60% are achieved. The resonant notch wavelength is tuned from 743 to 1355 nm (612 nm span) by changing the frequency of the electrical signal. The results indicate a broader tuning range compared to previous studies using standard and hollow-core fibers. It further reveals unique properties for reconfigurable spectral filters and fiber lasers, pointing to the fast switching and highly efficient modulation of all-fiber photonic devices.

How do microplastics alter molluscicidal activity? Effects of weathered microplastics and niclosamide in developing freshwater snails.

Despite the wide distribution and persistence of microplastics (MPs), their interactive effects with molluscicides are unknown. Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, affects 236.6 million people worldwide. Niclosamide (NCL) is the only molluscicide recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and it is used to control the population of Schistosoma spp.'s intermediate host. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate of the interaction between polyethylene (PE) MPs and NCL, and their associated toxicity in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say 1818). Weathered PE MPs were characterized and theoretical analysis of NCL-MP adsorption nature was made using quantum mechanical calculations. The toxicity of NCL isolated (0.0265 to 0.0809 mg L-1) and under interaction with PE MPs (3400 µg L-1) in B. glabrata embryos and newly hatched snails was analyzed. In silico analysis confirmed the adsorption mechanisms of NCL into PE MPs. PE MPs decreased the NCL toxicity to both B. glabrata developmental stages, increasing their survival and NCL lethal concentrations, indicating concerns regarding NCL use as molluscicide in aquatic environments polluted by MPs. In conclusion, MPs may change the efficiency of chemicals used in snail control programs.

Pathogenic CANVAS (AAGGG)n repeats stall DNA replication due to the formation of alternative DNA structures.

CANVAS is a recently characterized repeat expansion disease, most commonly caused by homozygous expansions of an intronic (A2G3)n repeat in the RFC1 gene. There are a multitude of repeat motifs found in the human population at this locus, some of which are pathogenic and others benign. In this study, we conducted structure-functional analyses of the pathogenic (A2G3)n and nonpathogenic (A4G)n repeats. We found that the pathogenic, but not the nonpathogenic, repeat presents a potent, orientation-dependent impediment to DNA polymerization in vitro. The pattern of the polymerization blockage is consistent with triplex or quadruplex formation in the presence of magnesium or potassium ions, respectively. Chemical probing of both repeats in vitro reveals triplex H-DNA formation by only the pathogenic repeat. Consistently, bioinformatic analysis of S1-END-seq data from human cell lines shows preferential H-DNA formation genome-wide by (A2G3)n motifs over (A4G)n motifs. Finally, the pathogenic, but not the nonpathogenic, repeat stalls replication fork progression in yeast and human cells. We hypothesize that the CANVAS-causing (A2G3)n repeat represents a challenge to genome stability by folding into alternative DNA structures that stall DNA replication.

Operando probing of the surface chemistry during the Haber-Bosch process.

The large-scale conversion of N2 and H2 into NH3 (refs. 1,2) over Fe and Ru catalysts3 for fertilizer production occurs through the Haber-Bosch process, which has been considered the most important scientific invention of the twentieth century4. The active component of the catalyst enabling the conversion was variously considered to be the oxide5, nitride2, metallic phase or surface nitride6, and the rate-limiting step has been associated with N2 dissociation7-9, reaction of the adsorbed nitrogen10 and also NH3 desorption11. This range of views reflects that the Haber-Bosch process operates at high temperatures and pressures, whereas surface-sensitive techniques that might differentiate between different mechanistic proposals require vacuum conditions. Mechanistic studies have accordingly long been limited to theoretical calculations12. Here we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-capable of revealing the chemical state of catalytic surfaces and recently adapted to operando investigations13 of methanol14 and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis15-to determine the surface composition of Fe and Ru catalysts during NH3 production at pressures up to 1 bar and temperatures as high as 723 K. We find that, although flat and stepped Fe surfaces and Ru single-crystal surfaces all remain metallic, the latter are almost adsorbate free, whereas Fe catalysts retain a small amount of adsorbed N and develop at lower temperatures high amine (NHx) coverages on the stepped surfaces. These observations indicate that the rate-limiting step on Ru is always N2 dissociation. On Fe catalysts, by contrast and as predicted by theory16, hydrogenation of adsorbed N atoms is less efficient to the extent that the rate-limiting step switches following temperature lowering from N2 dissociation to the hydrogenation of surface species.

Self-reported attention and hyperactivity symptoms among adults with epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: Patients with epilepsy (PWE) frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, the most common of which are depression and anxiety. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) is also more frequent among PWE, though that condition has been scarcely studied among the adult PWE population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the presence of ADHD symptoms between adult PWE and the general population. METHODS: This was an observational case-control study. Ninety-five adult PWE from a tertiary center in southern Brazil were compared with 100 healthy controls. All subjects were submitted to three structured scales: 1) the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 (ASRS); 2) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and 3) the Adverse Events Profile (AEP). Dichotomic variables were analyzed through chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, and non-parametric variables were analyzed through the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Medians and interquartile ranges (IR) were: 1) ASRS: 26.00 (IR: 18 to 38) among PWE versus 17.00 (IR: 11 to 24) among controls, p < 0.001; 2) HADS: 14.00 (IR: 8 to 21) among PWE versus 11.00 (IR: 8 to 16) among controls, p = 0.007; 3) AEP: 3800 (IR: 31 to 49) among PWE versus 33.00 (IR: 23 to 43) among controls, p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: PWE showed a higher burden of symptoms of ADHD, depression, and anxiety when compared with controls, which replicates in the Brazilian population the findings of current literature that point toward a higher prevalence of such disorders among PWE.

ANTECEDENTES: Pacientes com epilepsia (PCE) frequentemente apresentam comorbidades psiquiátricas, principalmente depressão e ansiedade. O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) também é mais frequente nos PCE, porém foi pouco estudado na população adulta de PCE. OBJETIVO: Comparar a presença de sintomas de TDAH entre PCE adultos e a população geral. MéTODOS: Noventa e cinco PCE adultos de um centro terciário no Sul do Brasil foram comparados a 100 controles saudáveis. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a três escalas estruturadas: 1) a Escala Autorrelatada de TDAH em Adultos da Organização Mundial da Saúde, versão 1.1 (ASRS); 2) a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS); e 3) o Perfil de Eventos Adversos (AEP). Variáveis dicotômicas foram analisadas através dos testes chi-quadrado e exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado, e as variáveis não paramétricas foram analisadas através do teste U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: As medianas e os intervalos interquartis (IIQ) foram: 1) ASRS: 26.00 (IIQ: 18 a 38) em PCE versus 17.00 (IIQ: 11 a 24) nos controles, p < 0,001; 2) HADS: 14.00 (IIQ: 8 a 21) em PCE versus 11.00 (IIQ: 8 a 16) nos controles, p = 0,007; 3) AEP: 38.00 (IIQ: 31 a 49) em PCE versus 33.00 (IIQ: 23 a 43) nos controles, p = 0,001. CONCLUSãO: PCE apresentaram uma maior carga de sintomas de TDAH, depressão e ansiedade quando comparados aos controles, o que replica na população brasileira os achados da literatura atual, que apontam para uma maior prevalência de tais transtornos entre PCE.

Cholecalciferol Exhibits no Antibacterial Effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: An in vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: The pleiotropic effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) has gained significant momentum and has been explored widely. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of cholecalciferol against S. aureus and E. coli. METHODS: An in vitro study was performed for the antimicrobial effect of cholecalciferol against S. aureus and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined following the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: The MIC value of cholecalciferol against both S. aureus and E. coli was 0.312 mg/ml, and the MBC for both organisms was 1.25 mg/ml. However, we also observed a significant antimicrobial effect in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control at 12.5% (v/v). Therefore, the observed antimicrobial effect may be attributed to DMSO, indicating cholecalciferol does not directly inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that cholecalciferol does not directly inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. Hence, we suggest exploring the antibacterial properties of other vitamin D analogs, such as calcitriol or its synergetic effect with other antimicrobial agents.

Variational Pair-Density Functional Theory: Dealing with Strong Correlation at the Protein Scale.

Multiconfigurational pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by traditional density functional theory (DFT) in addressing molecular systems containing transition metals, open-shells, or strong correlations in general. By utilizing both the density and on-top pair-density, MC-PDFT can make use of a more flexible multiconfigurational wave function to capture the necessary static correlation, while the pair-density functional also includes the effect of dynamic correlation. So far, MC-PDFT has been used after a multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) step, using the orbitals and configuration interaction coefficients from the converged MCSCF wave function to compute PDFT energies and properties. Here, instead, we propose to perform a direct optimization of the wave function using the pair-density functionals, resulting in a variational formulation of MC-PDFT. We derive the expressions for the wave function gradient and illustrate their similarity to standard MCSCF equations. Furthermore, we illustrate the accuracy on a set of singlet-triplet gaps as well as dissociation curves. Our findings highlight one of MC-PDFT's standout features: a reduced dependency on the active space size compared to conventional multiconfigurational wave function methodologies. Additionally, we show that the computational cost of MC-PDFT is potentially lower than MCSCF and often on-par with standard Kohn-Sham DFT, which is demonstrated by performing a MC-PDFT calculation of the entire ferredoxin protein with 1447 atoms and nearly 12 000 basis functions.

Self-reported attention and hyperactivity symptoms among adults with epilepsy / Sintomas de desatenção e hiperatividade autorrelatados entre adultos com epilepsia

Abstract Background Patients with epilepsy (PWE) frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, the most common of which are depression and anxiety. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) is also more frequent among PWE, though that condition has been scarcely studied among the adult PWE population. Objective This study aimed to compare the presence of ADHD symptoms between adult PWE and the general population. Methods This was an observational case-control study. Ninety-five adult PWE from a tertiary center in southern Brazil were compared with 100 healthy controls. All subjects were submitted to three structured scales: 1) the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 (ASRS); 2) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and 3) the Adverse Events Profile (AEP). Dichotomic variables were analyzed through chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, and non-parametric variables were analyzed through the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Medians and interquartile ranges (IR) were: 1) ASRS: 26.00 (IR: 18 to 38) among PWE versus 17.00 (IR: 11 to 24) among controls, p< 0.001; 2) HADS: 14.00 (IR: 8 to 21) among PWE versus 11.00 (IR: 8 to 16) among controls, p= 0.007; 3) AEP: 3800 (IR: 31 to 49) among PWE versus 33.00 (IR: 23 to 43) among controls, p= 0.001. Conclusion PWE showed a higher burden of symptoms of ADHD, depression, and anxiety when compared with controls, which replicates in the Brazilian population the findings of current literature that point toward a higher prevalence of such disorders among PWE.

Resumo Antecedentes Pacientes com epilepsia (PCE) frequentemente apresentam comorbidades psiquiátricas, principalmente depressão e ansiedade. O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) também é mais frequente nos PCE, porém foi pouco estudado na população adulta de PCE. Objetivo Comparar a presença de sintomas de TDAH entre PCE adultos e a população geral. Métodos Noventa e cinco PCE adultos de um centro terciário no Sul do Brasil foram comparados a 100 controles saudáveis. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a três escalas estruturadas: 1) a Escala Autorrelatada de TDAH em Adultos da Organização Mundial da Saúde, versão 1.1 (ASRS); 2) a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS); e 3) o Perfil de Eventos Adversos (AEP). Variáveis dicotômicas foram analisadas através dos testes chi-quadrado e exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado, e as variáveis não paramétricas foram analisadas através do teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados As medianas e os intervalos interquartis (IIQ) foram: 1) ASRS: 26.00 (IIQ: 18 a 38) em PCE versus 17.00 (IIQ: 11 a 24) nos controles, p< 0,001; 2) HADS: 14.00 (IIQ: 8 a 21) em PCE versus 11.00 (IIQ: 8 a 16) nos controles, p= 0,007; 3) AEP: 38.00 (IIQ: 31 a 49) em PCE versus 33.00 (IIQ: 23 a 43) nos controles, p= 0,001. Conclusão PCE apresentaram uma maior carga de sintomas de TDAH, depressão e ansiedade quando comparados aos controles, o que replica na população brasileira os achados da literatura atual, que apontam para uma maior prevalência de tais transtornos entre PCE.

Clinical research on extreme longevity: The FACET experience.

People with extreme longevity represent a unique model to study the biology of aging. Unfortunately, their inclusion in research projects is challenging with the consequent lack of evidence and the need to rely on small convenience samples. Given the growing global aging population, especially in the segment of the oldest old (i.e., aged 90 and older), research in this population has become crucial. Furthermore, by studying the characteristics of extremely longeval persons, it might be possible to 1) better understand the mechanisms of aging, and 2) identify endogenous or exogenous factors contributing to a long life. The design and implementation of research activities in the oldest people need special consideration and a pragmatic approach. Possible implementable solutions and suggestions are provided from experience gained during the conduction of the FAtigue in CEnTenarians (FACET) study.