Foveavelia, a new South American genus of Veliinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae).

Background: Semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) are distributed worldwide and play fundamental roles in limnic ecosystems. They are the most successful group of organisms to occupy the air-water interface, are important models to study ecology and evolution, and can be relevant tools in biomonitoring. Veliidae is the second most speciose family of semiaquatic bugs, but its internal classification, including subfamilies and genera, is artificial and based on symplesiomorphies. One of these non-monophyletic entities is Paravelia Breddin, 1898, the largest genus in the subfamily Veliinae. Results: In an effort to better classify the Veliinae, we describe Foveavelia to hold five South American species previously placed in Paravelia. The new genus is characterized by the following combination of features: unusual coarse cuticular punctures throughout the thorax and abdomen; a pair of small, frosty, pubescent areas formed by a very dense layer of short setae on the anterior lobe of the pronotum; fore tibial grasping comb present only in males; middle tibia with a row of elongate dark-brown trichobothria-like setae on the distal third, decreasing in size distally; macropterous specimens with the apical macula of the forewings elongate and constricted at mid-length, reaching the wing apex; and the male proctiger with a pair of anterodorsal projections. Besides the description, a key to the species of Foveavelia is provided, accompanied by illustrations and a species distribution map.

Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions.

The species of Limnocoris of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions of South America are revised, including the descriptions of five new species: L. amazonensis n. sp., L. moreirai n. sp., and L. yanomami n. sp. from Brazil, L. flavescens n. sp. from Venezuela, and L. inflatus n. sp. from Suriname. Further, supplemental descriptions are provided for four previously described species: L. burmeisteri De Carlo, L. fittkaui De Carlo, L. menkei La Rivers, and L. surinamensis Nieser n. stat.; the latter was a subspecies and is here elevated to full species status. The following synonymies are proposed, with junior synonyms in brackets: L. burmeisteri De Carlo [L. lautereri Nieser, Chen & Melo n. syn.] and L. menkei La Rivers [L. birabeni De Carlo n. syn., L. bruchi De Carlo n. syn.]. An illustrated taxonomic key and distribution maps are also presented.

Notes on the morphology of two species of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from South America.

In the present study, new distribution records and notes on the wing polymorphism of Limnocoris pallescens (Stål, 1861), a species distributed in Colombia and Venezuela, are presented. Also, after the discovery of two female paralectotypes of L. pectoralis Montandon, 1897 deposited at the Natural History Museum in London, ongoing uncertainty about the shape of the diagnostic mediosternite VII (subgenital plate) of this species has been resolved.

Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, including a new synonymy.

A list of Gerromorpha species collected from 2016 to 2023 in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, is presented. Previously, only five species had been recorded from this state. In the present study, based on the compilation of data and new collections, 27 species are recorded from the state, of which 23 represent new records. These species belong to 17 genera and five families: Brachymetra Mayr, 1865; Cylindrostethus Fieber, 1861; Halobates Eschscholtz, 1822; Halobatopsis Bianchi, 1896; Husseyella Herring, 1955; Limnogonus Stl, 1868; Microvelia Westwood, 1834; Neogerris Matsumura, 1913; Ovatametra Kenaga, 1942; Rheumatobates Bergroth, 1892 (Gerridae); Lipogomphus Berg, 1879 (Hebridae); Hydrometra Latreille, 1797 (Hydrometridae); Mesovelia Mulsant & Rey, 1852 (Mesoveliidae); Paravelia Breddin, 1898; Platyvelia Polhemus & Polhemus, 1993; Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865; Stridulivelia Hungerford, 1929 (Veliidae). All collected species are illustrated, and their distributions in the state of Rio Grande do Norte are represented in maps. Also, Neogerris celeris (Drake & Harris, 1934) is proposed here as a junior synonym of N. lotus (White, 1879); the lectotype of the latter is designated.

New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America.

The new species Paravelia ameliae (Heteroptera: Veliidae) is described based on macropterous specimens from the Department of Putumayo, in the Amazonian region of Colombia. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners mainly by the bicolored pronotum (dark-brown on the anterior two-thirds and light-brown posteriorly); the absence of distinct pruinosity or silvery patches on the anterior lobe of the pronotum; the basal macula of the forewing small and roughly ovate; the grasping comb of the male fore tibia occupying more than half of its length; the male hind femur with a row of 15 spines on the basal two-thirds; and the male paramere notched basally on its dorsal surface. Furthermore, this species displays sexual dimorphism in body shape and in hind tibial length, with males having a slightly constricted mid-abdominal region and hind tibia distinctly longer than in females. Also, in order to describe external morphological characteristics not mentioned in previous studies, supplemental descriptions are provided for P. albotrimaculata (Kirkaldy, 1899), P. loutoni Polhemus, 2014, P. nieseri Moreira Barbosa, 2012, and P. rotundanotata (Hungerford, 1930). Illustrations and a distribution map of all species treated here are presented.

An enigmatic new species of Belostoma Latreille from central-western Brazil (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae: Belostomatini).

The new species Belostoma inusitatum is described and illustrated based on specimens from the west side of the Araguaia-Tocantins basin, in Mato Grosso state in central-western Brazil. This new species is assigned to the B. triangulum species group and compared with its congeners. A key and distribution map for the species of this group are included. The three-articulated antenna without lateral projections of B. inusitatum n. sp. is documented for the first time in Belostoma. Also, the uncommon shape of the prosternal keel, the distinct reduction of the hemelytral membrane, and the diverticulum of the phallosoma sharply incised at the posterior margin are reported for this new species. A discussion about the reduction in the number of antennal articles and the size of the hemelytral membrane in Belostoma and Abedus is presented.

Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the tropical Andes.

The species of Limnocoris of the tropical Andes of South America are revised, including the descriptions of eight new species: L. chrysosetosus n. sp. from Ecuador; L. elongatus n. sp. and L. emboliatus n. sp. from Colombia; L. molanoi n. sp. from Colombia and Ecuador; L. luisae n. sp. from Colombia and Venezuela; L. longirostris n. sp. from Venezuela; L. nieseri n. sp. from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama; and L. reynosoi n. sp. from Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Further, supplemental descriptions are provided for the previously described species. The following taxa are resurrected from synonymy and their species status are restored: Limnocoris peruvianus Melin stat. restit. from synonymy with L. pectoralis Montandon, and L. stali Montandon stat. restit. from synonymy with L. borellii Montandon. The following synonymies are proposed, with junior synonyms in brackets: L. borellii Montandon [L. horvathi Montandon n. syn.], L. dubiosus Montandon [L. aymarana Poisson n. syn.], L. malkini La Rivers [L. pulchellus n. syn.], L. obscurus Montandon [L. trilobatus Nieser, González, Eichelkraut, n. syn.], L. ochraceus Montandon [L. maculatus De Carlo n. syn.], L. pallescens (Stål) [L. bergrothi Montandon n. syn.], L. pectoralis Montandon [L. rivalis Melin n. syn.], L. peruvianus Melin [L. calii Nieser, González Eichelkraut n. syn.] and L. stali Montandon [L. robustus Roback Nieser n. syn., L. carcharus La Rivers n. syn.]. Lectotypes are designated for five species: L. aymarana, L. bergrothi, L. borellii, L. dubiosus, and L. stali. An illustrated taxonomic key and distribution maps also are presented.

Survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Alagoas and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil.

A survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Alagoas and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, is presented. Specimens have been obtained mainly during three expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019. Individuals of 40 species, representing the following 18 genera and five families have been recorded: Brachymetra Mayr, 1865, Cylindrostethus Mayr, 1865, Limnogonus Stål, 1868, Neogerris Matsumura, 1913, Tachygerris Drake, 1957, Rheumatobates Bergroth, 1892, Halobatopsis Bianchi, 1896, Ovatametra Kenaga, 1942 (Gerridae); Lipogomphus Berg, 1879, Merragata White, 1877 (Hebridae); Hydrometra Latreille, 1797 (Hydrometridae); Mesovelia Mulsant Rey, 1852 (Mesoveliidae); Husseyella Herring, 1955, Microvelia Westwood, 1834, Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865, Paravelia Breddin, 1898, Platyvelia Polhemus Polhemus, 1993 and Stridulivelia Hungerford, 1929 (Veliidae). Alagoas and Sergipe have 35 and 31 new records, respectively. Rheumatobates trinitatis (China, 1943) and Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler, 1894 are recorded for the first time from Brazil.

Revision of the American genus Steinovelia Polhemus amp; Polhemus, 1993 (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae).

The genus Steinovelia Polhemus Polhemus, 1993 is distributed from southeastern Canada to northeastern Argentina and has been considered to contain five valid species: S. permista (Drake, 1951a), S. placida (Drake, 1951a), S. stagnalis (Burmeister, 1835), S. vinnula (Drake, 1951b) and S. virgata (White, 1879a). We present here a revision of the genus with redescriptions of S. permista, S. stagnalis, S. vinnula, and S. virgata, the synonymy of S. placida with S. virgata, a key, distribution maps, and photographs of all species.

Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America.

The North American species of Limnocoris are revised and total 13 species after the present study. Four new species are described and illustrated: L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia; L. major n. sp. and L. nanus n. sp. from Costa Rica and Panama; and L. zacki n. sp. from Mexico and Guatemala. Further, supplemental descriptions are provided for the previously described species. The following synonymies are proposed, with junior synonyms in brackets: L. insularis Champion [L. alcorni La Rivers n. syn.], L. pygmaeus La Rivers [L. solenoides La Rivers n. syn.], and L. signoreti Montandon [L. brailovskyi La Rivers n. syn., L. laucki La Rivers n. syn., L. stangei La Rivers n. syn.]. A lectotype is designated for L. signoreti. Limnocoris profundus (Say) is considered a nomen dubium because no type specimens have been found and the original description is insufficient to establish its identity. An illustrated taxonomic key, distribution maps, and a discussion of the characters (putative synapomorphies) not previously mentioned in the literature also are presented.

A new species and new records of Oiovelia (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) from Brazil.

Oiovelia currently comprises eight species and has been recorded only from South America. Here, the ninth species, Oiovelia machadoi sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in MZUSP: BRAZIL, São Paulo State, Biritiba Mirim, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, 23°42'16.4"S, 46°02'42.8"W, 725 m a.s.l., 23.VIII.2014, H. Rodrigues leg.), is described and illustrated based on specimens from the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all other species in this genus mainly by the dark color of the body, absence of the V-shaped pruinosity on the posterior lobe of pronotum, well-defined pruinosity between the cells of the forewing, and presence of a pair of spines on the proctiger. In addition, important intraspecific variations in a population of O. brasiliensis from the State of São Paulo are presented. Finally, the genus is recorded for the first time from Northeastern Brazil based on specimens of O. cunucunumana and O. viannai collected in the State of Bahia.

Revision of the Neotropical genus Carvalhoiella De Carlo (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae).

The genus Carvalhoiella De Carlo, 1963 includes saucer bugs (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) that live predominantly on the vertical rocks next to falls and cascades of waterfalls. Thus far, it has been recorded only in South America and includes three described species. In the present paper, based on type specimens and additional material, we present detailed distributions and diagnostic information of the three described species of Carvalhoiella and the descriptions of two new species from central-western Brazil: C. acuminata sp. nov. and C. helenae sp. nov. An illustrated taxonomic key also is presented.

A new species of Oiovelia (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) from Mesoamerica, with an identification key to the genus.

Oiovelia johnpolhemi sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on macropterous specimens collected in Mexico and Belize. This species is the tenth of the genus, and represents its first record outside South America. An updated identification key and distribution maps of all species of Oiovelia are presented. Finally, photographs of the macropterous form of O. spumicola Spangler are presented for the first time.

New records of Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from South America.

BACKGROUND: Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera occur on all continents except Antarctica and occupy a wide variety of habitats, including lentic and lotic water bodies, perennial or temporary. In the Neotropical Region, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the geographical distribution of most represented species, which can only be solved by the collection of specimens in under-studied areas and publication of new records and lists of species. NEW INFORMATION: New records are presented for eleven species of Gerromorpha and ten Nepomorpha, including first records from Venezuela (Brachymetra lata, Limnogonus hyalinus, Rhagovelia evidis, Tenagobia peruana, Limnocoris burmeisteri, L. fittkaui fittkaui, Placomerus micans, and Martarega gonostyla), the Venezuelan State of Bolívar (Cylindrostethus palmaris, R. elegans, R. tenuipes, and Ambrysus stali), the Brazilian State of Bahia (Martarega bentoi), Peru (Euvelia lata), and the Peruvian Region of Arequipa (Microvelia pulchella).

The genus Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Brazil, with descriptions of eight new species.

Eight new species of Paravelia Breddin, 1898 from Brazil are described and illustrated: P. amapaensis sp. nov. from Amapá State, P. bipunctata sp. nov. from Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul States, P. bilobata sp. nov. and P. polhemusi sp. nov. from Mato Grosso State, P. bahiana sp. nov. from Bahia State, P. lacrymosa sp. nov. from Minas Gerais State, P. micromaculata sp. nov. from Maranhão State, and P. ornata sp. nov. from Amazonas State. The genus is redescribed, with photos of the dorsal view for nineteen species: P. basalis (Spinola), P. biae Spangler, P. boliviana Breddin, P. bullialata Polhemus & Polhemus, P. capillata (Drake& Harris), P. capixaba Moreira, Nessimian & Rúdio, P. conata (Hungerford), P. dilatata Polhemus & Polhemus, P. foveata Polhemus & Polhemus, P. itatiayana (Drake), P. lanemeloi Moreira & Barbosa, P. manausana Polhemus & Polhemus, P. nieseri Moreira & Barbosa, P. platensis (Berg), P. recens (Drake & Harris), P. rotundanotata (Hungerford), P. spinifera Polhemus & Polhemus, P. splendoris (Drake & Harris) and P. williamsi (Hungerford). Three of these species are recorded for the first time from Brazil: P. platensis, P. spinifera and P. williamsi. Also, the macropterous forms of P. capixaba and P. dilatata are described. Lastly, an identification key to the 36 species of Paravelia recorded from Brazil and a checklist of described species are presented.

A new species of Martarega White, 1879, with new distributional records of Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Brazil.

A new species of the genus Martarega White, 1879 is described based on brachypterous and macropterous specimens, collected in three regions of Brazil [North (State of Pará), Central-West (State of Goiás), and Southeast (State of Minas Gerais)]. The new species, Martarega nessimiani sp. nov., is very similar to M. brasiliensis Truxal, 1949. These species are differentiated by the rounded shape of the patch of thin setae on the male mesotrochanter, and the angular shape of the hemelytral process stripe of the female hemelytra in the new species, whereas M. brasiliensis has the patch of thin setae with an irregular shape and the hemelytral process stripe almost straight. Illustrations of both species are presented. In addition, we give new distributional records of another 11 species of Notonectidae in Brazil: Martarega membranacea White, M. chinai Hynes, M. bentoi Truxal, M. brasiliensis, M. gonostyla Truxal, M. nieseri Moreira Ribeiro & Nessimian, Buenoa amnigenus (White), B. konta Nieser & Pelli, B. salutis Kirkaldy, B. truxali Nieser, and Notonecta pulchra Hungerford.

Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera.

A catalog of type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) deposited in the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to May, 2012. A total of 37 holotypes and 61 lots of paratypes of 78 species are listed in their families: Miridae and Reduviidae (infraorder: Cimicomorpha); Mesoveliidae and Velfidae (Gerromorpha); Belostomatidae, Naucoridae, and Notonectidae (Nepomorpha); and Coreidae, Geocoridae [the older sense of "Lygaeidae"], and Pentatomidae (Pentatomomorpha). The taxa are presented alphabetically by infraorders, families, and genera, followed by epithet, bibliographic citation, type category, collection number, method of preservation, and present data on the labels. When necessary, we added localities data, and changes in taxonomic status of some species