Inhibition of incipient caries lesion progression by different fluoridated varnishes.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of different fluoridated varnishes to inhibit the progression of incipient caries lesions after cariogenic challenge. Seventy-five enamel specimens of bovine teeth were prepared and selected based on the initial surface microhardness (SMH). The specimens were first subjected to artificial demineralization (in buffer solution) after which SMH was re-analyzed (SM1). They were then randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1- CONTROL (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®) (n=15). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and the specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for eight days. The SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were then analyzed (SM2). The fluoride and calcium ion concentrations in the solution were analyzed by the indirect method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by Student's t-test, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer, or Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn tests for individual comparisons (p˂0.05). All varnishes led to significantly higher surface and subsurface remineralization compared with the control group but did not differ from each other. The varnishes with the highest fluoride release were: PROFL and CLIN, followed by MI VAR and DUR. The varnishes with significantly higher release of calcium were: DUR, CLIN, and PROFL. In conclusion, all commercial fluoridated varnishes tested have good potential to inhibit the progression of demineralization, regardless of the ion release mechanisms.

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of BACCHARIN from BRAZILIAN green PROPOLIS.

Baccharin is one of the major compounds found in Brazilian green propolis and its botanical source, Baccharis dracunculifolia. Considering the biological effects of propolis and B. dracunculifolia, this study aims to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of baccharin. The neurodepressor potential was performed by the open field test, analgesia by mechanical stimulation with Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer, and by thermal stimulation with Hargreaves apparatus. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potential was achieved by the paw edema assay, histopathological evaluation, and NF-kB expression. Doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of baccharin were evaluated. After euthanasia, plantar tissue was collected and prepared for histology. As a result, analgesic activity was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg of baccharin in thermal stimulation under an inflammatory process and anti-inflammatory potential at a dose of 5 mg/kg of baccharin from the second hour in the paw edema test. A decrease in cellular infiltrate and down-modulation of NF-kB, besides the reduction of edema in the histopathology was observed. There was no evidence of kidney and liver toxicity and neurodepressive potential at the doses tested. Thus, baccharin has a promising anti-inflammatory effect possibly associated with antiedematogenic activity by inhibiting mediators such as prostaglandins, inhibiting the migration of polymorphonuclear cells, and modulating NF-kB expression.

Antimicrobial and optical properties of a new biogenic silica-coated silver nanoparticles incorporated into experimental resin.

Background: Evaluate the effects of incorporating silica-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs) into odontological clinic resin materials. Material and Methods: Silver nanoparticles coated with silicon dioxide were added to the experimental resin matrix at 1, 3, and 5wt%. Degree of conversion (DC), optical properties (total transmittance and color change), and microstructural analysis were evaluated. Materials were tested for silver ion release, cytotoxicity in dental pulp fibroblasts, Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth by Colony-Forming Unit (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results: Groups had a similar DC, despite significant differences observed in transmittance and color change analysis for all groups with NPs. Silver ion release values were below the detection limit after 72h for all groups, and NPs incorporation did not show a statistical difference from the control on pulp fibroblasts assay. After 72h, the CFU count was significantly reduced by 74% from 3wt% of Ag@SiO2NPs. CLSM evaluation on S. mutans colonies showed a dose-dependent decrease in the emitted fluorescence. Conclusions: The application of Ag@SiO2 NPs in a resinous matrix, demonstrates a significant reduction of S. mutans CFU in oral biofilm, at concentrations from 3wt%, without an increase in cytotoxicity. The reduced transmittance values did not affect the DC, although a significant color change was perceived in all concentrations. Key words:Nanoparticles, Silver Compounds, Composite Dental Resin, Anti-Bacterial Agent, Optical Imaging.

Assessing the efficacy of gutiferone E in photodynamic therapy for oral candidiasis.

The rise in antifungal resistance and side effects of conventional treatments drive the search for innovative therapies like Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study explored the efficacy of PDT mediated by gutiferone, an isolated compound from red propolis, for candidiasis treatment. Multiple evaluation methods were employed, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via broth microdilution, quantifying biomass using crystal violet detachment, and cell counting through total plate count. PDT mediated by gutiferone was also assessed in five groups of mice, followed by histopathological examination and agar plating of lingual tissue samples. Among the seven Candida species tested, gutiferone displayed efficacy against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, with MIC values of 1000 µg/mL. In C. tropicalis biofilms, exposure to gutiferone led to a reduction of 1.61 Log10 CFU/mL. PDT mediated by gutiferone achieved an average reduction of 3.68 Log10 CFU/mL in C. tropicalis biofilm cells, underscoring its potent fungicidal activity. Histopathological analysis revealed fungal structures, such as pseudohyphae and hyphae, in infected groups (G2) and irradiated mice. In contrast, groups treated with gutiferone or subjected to gutiferone-assisted PDT (G5) exhibited only few blastoconidia. Furthermore, CFU/mL assessments in lingual tissue post-treatment demonstrated a significantly lower count (0.30 Log10 CFU/mL) in the G5 group compared to G2 (2.43 Log10 CFU/mL). These findings highlight the potential of PDT mediated by gutiferone as a promising alternative for managing denture stomatitis. Future research and clinical investigations offer the promise of validating its clinical applicability and improving outcomes in the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride as promising active ingredient for oral antiseptic products to eliminate microorganisms threatening the health of endangered wild cats: a comparative study with chlorhexidine digluconate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of polyhexamethylene hydrochloride guanidine (PHMGH) compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX) for use as an oral antiseptic during dental procedures in wild cats. This research is crucial due to limited information on the diversity of oral microorganisms in wild cats and the detrimental local and systemic effects of oral diseases, which highlights the importance of improving prevention and treatment strategies. Samples were collected from the oral cavities of four Puma concolor, one Panthera onca, and one Panthera leo, and the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was counted and semi-automatically identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates was determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill kinetics of PHMGH and CLX. A total of 16 bacterial isolates were identified, consisting of six Gram-positive and 10 Gram-negative. PHMGH displayed MIC and MBC from 0.24 to 125.00 µg/mL, lower than those of CLX against three isolates. Time-kill kinetics showed that PHMGH reduced the microbial load by over 90% for all microorganisms within 30 min, whereas CLX did not. Only two Gram-positive isolates exposed to the polymer showed incomplete elimination after 60 min of contact. The results could aid in the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral diseases in large felids. PHMGH showed promising potential at low concentrations and short contact times compared to the commercial product CLX, making it a possible active ingredient in oral antiseptic products for veterinary use in the future.

Non­urgent use of the emergency department: a qualitative semi­structured interview study, Vitória-ES, 2019. / Uso de serviço de emergência por motivos não urgentes: estudo qualitativo com usuários de um pronto-atendimento, Vitória-ES, 2019.

Introduction: The healthcare system is structured to prioritize Primary Health Care (PHC) as the main gateway for accessing care while reserving emergency services for situations requiring immediate attention. However, people's choices often deviate from what one would expect based on their health needs, leading to overburdened emergency services and reduced clinical care effectiveness and efficiency. Objective: This study aims to identify the motivations behind non-urgent health issues leading users to seek care at an emergency department. Method: A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews was conducted in 2019 with users of an emergency department in Vitória-ES. The collected data underwent thematic analysis. Results: The study included 29 participants, predominantly women, of Black or mixed race, and under 30 years old, who reported issues related to pain or respiratory problems. Notably, participants perceived emergency services as places where they could readily obtain immediate and effective care. Accessing PHC was seen as challenging, and they anticipated that their needs (appointments, tests, medications) would not be promptly met within PHC. Conclusion: Utilizing emergency services for non-urgent concerns is a multifaceted and complex public health problem that extends beyond PHC access difficulties to encompass individual and collective understanding of PHC's role and emergency care. Merely expanding PHC is insufficient; reframing this level care is essential, particularly among younger individuals.

Introdução: o sistema de saúde é organizado de uma forma que prevê a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) como a porta de entrada preferencial para o cuidado, destinando-se os serviços de emergência para situações que exigem atendimento imediato. Contudo, o caminho percorrido pelas pessoas nem sempre reflete o que se esperaria pelo perfil de sua necessidade de saúde, resultando em sobrecarga e baixa efetividade e eficiência dos serviços de emergência. Objetivo: identificar motivações para uso pronto-atendimentos por problemas de saúde não urgentes em usuários deste serviço. Método: estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em 2019 com usuários de um pronto-atendimento do município de Vitória-ES. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática derivada da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Participaram 29 pessoas, sendo a maioria mulheres, negras ou pardas, com menos de 30 anos, queixando-se de dor ou problema respiratório. Observou-se, dentre outras coisas, que os entrevistados percebem os serviços urgência e emergência como aqueles onde obterão cuidados imediatos com maior facilidade e resolubilidade, já que é difícil acessar a APS e nela muito provavelmente não terão tudo aquilo que consideram necessário para manejar seu problema (consulta, exames e medicações) de uma maneira imediata, rápida e resolutiva. Conclusão: A utilização de pronto-atendimentos por motivos não urgentes é uma questão complexa. Envolve não apenas a dificuldade de acesso à APS, mas a própria compreensão individual e coletiva do papel da APS e do pronto-atendimento. Não basta, portanto, expandir a APS, mas é preciso também ressignificá-la, em especial junto aos mais jovens.

Different vehicles containing CaneCPI-5 reduce erosive dentin wear in situ.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the protective capacity of a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) in different vehicles (1-solution and 2-chitosan gel) against erosive dentin wear in situ. METHODS: In part-1, 15 volunteers participated in a crossover protocol (solutions): Water; Elmex™ and CaneCPI-5. The volunteers wore an appliance with 4 dentin samples for 5 days. These samples were treated with a drop of the solutions for 1 min (4X/d), then the acquired pellicle (AP) was formed and the samples were subjected to erosive challenges (EROSION: citric acid, for 90 s, 4X/day). 2X/day, half of the samples were also abraded for 15 s (ABRASION). In part-2, 16 volunteers participated in a crossover protocol (gel): No gel, Chitosan gel, Chitosan gel + NaF and Chitosan gel + CaneCPI-5. The volunteers also wore an appliance. The samples were treated once/day with the gel or not for 4 min, then the AP was formed and the samples were subjected to erosive and abrasive challenges, as reported in part-1. Dentin wear was measured by profilometry. Data were analyzed by two-way RM-ANOVA and Sidak's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Part-1: Elmex™ and CaneCPI-5 significantly reduced dentin loss in comparison with Water for the EROSION/ABRASION conditions (p < 0.05). Part-2, all the treated groups significantly reduced the dentin loss in comparison to the No gel. The greatest reduction was found for the gel + CaneCPI-5 group for the EROSION/ABRASION (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The solution and chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 protected against erosive dentin wear in situ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These different vehicles are probably sufficient for protecting people with high risk of developing erosive dentin wear.

Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ -1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1800 to -1410) and intervention groups (Δ -1670 mg/day; 95% CI -1800 to -1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium.

Assistência pré-natal e amamentação exclusiva na atenção primária à saúde em um município do Sudoeste da Bahia / Prenatal care and exclusive breastfeeding in primary health care in a municipality in the Southwest of Bahia

Introdução: o aleitamento materno exclusivo deve ser promovido e fortalecido em todas as esferas públicas, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), que tem o pré-natal como elemento importante para assistência e acompanhamento da mulher durante a gestação. Objetivo: identificar a associação entre assistência pré-natal e amamentação exclusiva em crianças menores de seis meses acompanhadas na APS em um município do Sudoeste da Bahia. Metodologia: estudo transversal, envolvendo 75 mães/crianças de zero a seis meses cadastradas no programa de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do serviço de saúde do município de Jequié, Bahia, no período de março a agosto de 2018. Empregou-se o Teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, para avaliar associação entre variáveis da assistência pré-natal e amamentação exclusiva. Resultados: a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo registrado neste estudo foi de 36%.Observou-se que,mães com mais de seis consultas de pré-natal durante a gestação apresentaram maior prevalência de amamentação exclusiva (55,2%; p=0,019). A variável orientações sobre amamentação exclusiva no pré-natal não foi estatisticamente associada ao desfecho (0,457), porém descritivamente identificou-se que as mães que tiveram orientações durante o pré-natal apresentaram tendência de amamentar exclusivamente (56,7%; p= 0,457). Conclusão: a assistência pré-natal pode ser considerada elemento protetor na prática da amamentação exclusiva, e por isso a promoção e apoio ao aleitamento materno deve ser fortalecida na APS.

Introduction: exclusive breastfeeding should be promoted and strengthened in all public spheres, especially in Primary Health Care (PHC), which has prenatal care as an important element for the assistance and monitoring of women during pregnancy. Objective:to identify the link between prenatal care and exclusive breastfeeding in children younger than six months followed up in the PHC in a municipality in the Southwest of Bahia. Methodology: cross-sectional study, with 75 mothers/children aged zero to six months enrolled in the Growth and Development program of the health service in the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, from March to August 2018. Pearson's Chi-Square Test was used to assess the association between prenatal care variables and exclusive breastfeeding. Results: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding recorded in this study was 36%. It was observed that mothers with more than six prenatal consultations during pregnancy had a higher prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (55.2%; p=0.019). The variable guidance on exclusive breastfeeding during prenatal care was not statistically associated with the outcome (0.457), however it was descriptively identified that mothers who received guidance during prenatal care tended to breastfeed exclusively (56.7%; p= 0.457 ). Conclusion:prenatal care can be considered a protective element in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, and therefore the promotion and support of breastfeeding should be strengthened in PHC.

On the correlation between thermal imagery and fugitive CH4 emissions from MSW landfills.

Landfill gas (LFG) is related to the biochemical processes generating heat and releasing CH4, CO2, and other gases in lower concentrations, which result in environmental impacts and risk of local explosion. Thermal infrared imagery (TIR) is employed to detect CH4 leakage as a risk control approach. However, the challenge for LFG leakage detection using TIR is establishing a relation between the gas flux and the ground temperature. This study evaluates the problem of a heated gas flowing through a porous medium column where the upward surface exchanges heat by radiation and convection to the environment. A heat transfer model that considers the upward LFG flow is proposed, and a sensibility analysis is developed to relate the flux to the ground temperature level in the condition of non-income solar radiation. An explicit equation to predict CH4 fugitive flow as a function of temperature anomalies of the ground was presented for the first time. The results show that the predicted ground surface temperatures are consistent with the literature's experimental observations. Moreover, the model was complementarily applied to a Brazilian landfill, with in situ TIR measurements in an area with a slightly fractured cover. In this field observation, the predicted CH4 flux was around 9025 g m-2 d-1. Model limitations concerning the soil homogeneity, the transient variation of atmospheric conditions or local pressure, and soil temperature difference in low-flux conditions (related to TIR-cameras accuracy) require further validation. Results could help landfill monitoring in conditions of a high-temperature ground anomaly in dry seasons.

Influence of the calcium orthophosphate:glass ratio and calcium orthophosphate functionalization on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of resin-based composites.

The study verified the influence of calcium orthophosphate (CaP):glass ratio on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of resin-based composites containing either TEGDMA-functionalized dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) or non-functionalized DCPA particles. The null hypotheses were that the evaluated variables are not affected by (1) CaP:glass ratio or (2) DCPA functionalization. DCPA particles were synthesized and half of them were functionalized with TEGDMA. Particle characterization included x-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, laser scattering, helium picnometry and scanning electron microscopy. Two series of composites were prepared containing either DCPA-NF (non-functionalized) or DCPA-F (functionalized), with total inorganic content of 50 vol % and DCPA:silanized barium glass (BG) ratios from 10:40 to 50:0. A composite containing 50 vol % BG was tested as control. DC was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Biaxial flexural strength and modulus were tested after 24 h in water. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn (flexural properties) or analysis of variance/Tukey tests (DC). Materials with similar actual DCPA contents were compared using Student's t test (alpha: 0.05). DC was higher for materials with DCPA-F, except for the 10:40 ratio. DCPA-F resulted in higher strength than DCPA-NF only at 40:10 ratio. Modulus was not affected by functionalization. Materials with similar actual DCPA contents showed differences in DC (F > NF), while no difference in flexural properties was observed between materials with 28%-30% DCPA. Both null hypotheses were rejected.

Fatores associados à introdução alimentar precoce em um município baiano / Factors associated with early food introduction in a municipality of baiano

Introdução: a introdução alimentar precoce é uma prática frequente no Brasil, envolta por diversos fatores de ordem social, cultural, econômica, familiar, emocional, bem como relacionados às condições de vida e assistência à saúde. Objetivo: identificar os principais fatores que se associam a introdução precoce de alimentos em crianças de zero a seis meses de vida, atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do Sudoeste da Bahia. Metodologia: estudo transversal, realizado com 75 mães e crianças atendidas na rede de saúde de Jequié, Bahia, no período de março a agosto de 2018. Empregou-se Regressão de Poisson com variância Robusta para avaliar a associação. Resultados: a prevalência da introdução alimentar precoce na população em estudo foi de 64%, sendo o leite de vaca, água/chá e fórmula infantil os alimentos mais prevalentes. Observou-se que a variável uso de chupeta (RP=1,21; IC95%= 1,02-1,43) apresentou associação positiva com a introdução alimentar precoce, enquanto que as variáveis uso de mamadeira (RP= 0,08; IC95%= 0,02-0,28) e orientações sobre amamentação (RP= 0,77; IC95%= 0,63-0,95) apresentaram associação negativa e inversa com o desfecho estudado. Conclusão: apesar da superioridade do leite materno sobre outras formas de nutrir as crianças menores de seis meses, os resultados deste estudo revelaram elevada prevalência de introdução alimentar precoce na população estudada e sua associação com o uso de chupetas. Sugere-se que ações de promoção e proteção da amamentação exclusiva aconteçam desde o pré-natal, evidenciando também os riscos da introdução alimentar precocemente.

Introduction: the early introduction of food is a frequent practice in Brazil, involved by several factors of social, cultural, economic, family, emotional, as well as related to living conditions and health care. Objective: to identify the main factors associated with the early introduction of food in children from zero to six months of life, attended in primary health care in a municipality in southwestern Bahia. Methodology: cross-sectional study, conducted with 75 mothers and children assisted in the health network of Jequié, Bahia, in the period from March to August 2018. Poisson Regression with Robust variance was employed to evaluate the association. Results: the prevalence of early food introduction in the study population was 64%, with cow's milk, water/tea and infant formula being the most prevalent foods. It was observed that the variable pacifier use (PR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.02-1.43) showed a positive association with early feeding, while the variables bottle use (PR = 0.08; 95%CI = 0.02-0.28) and breastfeeding orientation (PR = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.63-0.95) showed a negative and inverse association with the studied outcome. Conclusion: despite the superiority of breast milk over other forms of feeding children under six months of age, the results of this study revealed a high prevalence of early introduction of food in the studied population and its association with the use of pacifiers. It is suggested that actions to promote and protect exclusive breastfeeding take place since the prenatal period, also highlighting the risks of introducing food early.

Comparison of radiographic methods for detecting radiolucent uroliths in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare positive cystography techniques at 5%, 10%, and 20%, as well as three different double-contrast protocols for detecting radiolucent uroliths with a diameter of less than 3.0 mm in dogs. Six cadavers were used, one was selected at random to represent the negative control, and the others were submitted to urolith implantation in the bladder by urethral catheter. Three radiology professionals blindly accessed ventrodorsal and -lateral projections of each test. Contrast at 20% showed greater diagnostic sensitivity, but with greater difficulty identifying the number and size of the uroliths. Consequently, double-contrast techniques are better and should be used for diagnostic and therapeutic planning. Sensitivity and specificity tests demonstrated that positive 5% cystography and different concentrations of double contrast obtained better results in terms of sensitivity and specificity. However, due to the presence of a greater amount of artifacts in the 5% cystography, it is suggested that double contrast is used for this purpose, especially with the removal of contrast excess (protocol 2).

Experimental composite containing silicon dioxide-coated silver nanoparticles for orthodontic bonding: Antimicrobial activity and shear bond strength.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel using experimental composites with different concentrations of silicon dioxide-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs). METHODS: Fifty bovine incisors were divided into five groups according to the composite (n = 10): G1 - Control Group (Transbond XT Resin), G2 - Experimental composite without Ag@SiO2 NPs; G3 - Experimental composite with 0.5% of Ag@SiO2 NPs; G4 - Experimental composite with 1% of Ag@SiO2 NPs; G5 - Experimental composite with 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs. The SBS test was performed using a universal mechanical testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was analyzed by optical microscopy. For the antimicrobial activity evaluation, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm was formed for three days in hydroxyapatite discs. Posteriorly, S. mutans colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. For SBS analysis, Analysis of Variance was used, followed by the Tukey test, at a 5% statistical significance level. The CFU data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunn as a post-hoc test. The ARI results were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in SBS values between the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). A 3% incorporation of Ag@SiO2 NPs statistically reduced the SBS values (p<0.05) compared to the 1% group. The addition of 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs to the composites significantly reduced S. mutans biofilm formation, compared to group G2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Composites incorporating 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs presented similar SBS values compared to the control group, and showed significant antimicrobial activity.

Cohort cholecystectomies in the Brazilian public system: is access to laparoscopy universal after three decades?

OBJECTIVE: videosurgery in Brazil started in 1990 with the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, being included by the public health system in 2008. We evaluated the current situation of the use of this technology in the Unified Health System (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde). METHODS: from 2013 to 2019, 1,406,654 patients registered at the SUS Informatics Department (DATASUS) were analyzed to calculate the rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) in relation to open cholecystectomies (OC). Patient characteristics, disease presentation and postoperative mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: the LC rate reached 41.5% (growth of 68%) with no decrease in the absolute number of OC. In University Hospitals (UH), the LC rate reached 91.96%. The open technique in emergencies was more associated with male patients, aged 60 years or older, with prolonged hospitalization and in the ICU. Those undergoing LC were less predisposed to postoperative death, both electively (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.42 - 0.56; NNT=20) and urgently (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.20 - 0.25; NNT ≅1), providing a protective effect. CONCLUSION: despite the increase in the indication of LC, the open technique during the years studied remained stable and the most used in the public health system in Brazil. The effectiveness of public health policies to shorten the complete implementation of videosurgery in SUS needs to be investigated in future epidemiological studies, as well as its impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Preventive effect of chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 against enamel erosive wear in situ.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the preventive effect of a chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 against enamel erosion and erosion + abrasion in situ. METHODS: Sixteen volunteers participated in a crossover, double-blind protocol, comprising 4 phases: (1) no treatment (Nt); (2) chitosan gel (Cg); (3) chitosan gel + 12,300 ppm NaF (Cg + NaF); and (4) chitosan gel + 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (Cg + Cane). Volunteers wore an appliance containing 4 specimens. Once/day, they applied the gel (except for Nt) (4 min/specimen). Erosive challenges were performed extra-orally (0.1% citric acid, 90 s, 4 × /day; ERO). Specimens were also abraded (toothbrush, 15 s/specimen, 2 × /day; ERO + ABR). Enamel wear was assessed by profilometry and relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI). Two-way RM-ANOVA/Sidak's tests and Spearman's correlation were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For profilometry, ERO + ABR promoted significantly greater wear when compared with ERO. There was a significant difference among all treatments. The lowest enamel loss occurred for Cg + Cane, followed by Cg + NaF, Cg, and Nt (p < 0.05). The %SRI was significantly lower for ERO + ABR when compared to ERO, only for the Nt group. The greatest %SRI was found for the Cg + NaF and Cg + Cane groups, which did not differ significantly, regardless of the conditions. The lowest %SRI was found for the Nt and Cg groups, which did not differ from each other, regardless of the conditions. The Nt group did not differ significantly from the Cg + NaF (ERO). There was a significant correlation between both analyses. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of CaneCPI-5 in the chitosan gel prevented erosive wear in situ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results open a new perspective for the use of CaneCPI-5 in other application vehicles, such as chitosan gel.

Escala de crenças sobre o uso de questionários em pesquisas científicas: evidências psicométricas preliminares / Escala de creencias sobre el uso de cuestionarios en la investigación científica: evidencias psicométricas preliminares / A Scale of Beliefs on the Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Research: Preliminary Psychometric Evidence

Resumo Objetivou-se construir a Escala de crenças sobre o uso de questionários em pesquisas científicas (ECQP), a partir de evidências de validade de conteúdo e da verificação de seus indicadores iniciais de validade fatorial e consistência interna para o contexto brasileiro. Foram realizados dois estudos. No estudo 1, elaborou-se os itens da ECQP e verificou-se a validade de seu conteúdo. Contou-se com a participação de quatro juízes especialistas em psicologia social e psicometria, os quais avaliaram o conjunto de itens como adequado ao construto e semanticamente claro para o público-alvo. No estudo 2, por sua vez, buscou-se conhecer a estrutura fatorial da ECQP. Participaram, então, 307 estudantes (M = 25,1 anos), os quais responderam à ECQP e a perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que a ECQP apresenta índices satisfatórios de validade fatorial e consistência interna. Portanto, confia-se que seja um instrumento promissor, podendo ser utilizada em futuros estudos no Brasil.

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue construir la Escala de creencias sobre el uso de cuestionarios en la investigación científica (ECQP, en portugués), desde evidencias de validez de contenido y la verificación de sus indicadores iniciales de validez factorial y consistencia interna para el contexto brasileño. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el estudio primero, se elaboraron los ítems del ECQP y se verificó su validez de contenido. Cuatro jueces expertos en psicología social y psicometría evaluaron el conjunto de ítems como adecuados al constructo y semánticamente claros para el público objetivo. En el segundo estudio, por su parte, se buscó conocer la estructura factorial del ECQP. Así, participaron 307 estudiantes (M = 25,1 años), que respondieron el ECQP y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados indicaron que el ECQP presenta índices satisfactorios de validez factorial y consistencia interna. Por lo tanto, se confía en que sea un instrumento prometedor y que pueda utilizarse en futuros estudios en Brasil.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to create the Scale of Beliefs on the Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Research by gathering evidence of content validity and verifying its initial indicators of factorial validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian context. Two studies were carried out. In the first study, the items of the questionnaire were elaborated and the validity of their content was verified. Four judges specialized in Social Psychology and Psychometrics evaluated the set of items as appropriate to the construct and semantically clear to the target audience. In the second study, we sought to determine the factorial structure of the questionnaire. Thus, 307 students (M = 25.1 years) participated and answered the questionnaire and demographic questions. The results indicated that the questionnaire has satisfactory indexes of factorial validity and internal consistency. Therefore, it is believed to be a promising instrument and can be used in future studies in Brazil.

Firocoxib as a Potential Neoadjuvant Treatment in Canine Patients with Triple-Negative Mammary Gland Tumors.

This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of NSAID (Previcox®) in vitro and in vivo. Two CMT cell lines, one from the primary tumor and one from bone metastasis, were treated with firocoxib and MTT assay was performed to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. The firocoxib IC50 for the cell lines UNESP-CM5 and UNESP-MM1 were 25.21 µM and 27.41 µM, respectively. The cell lines were then treated with the respective firocoxib IC50 concentrations and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay was performed, to detect the induction of apoptosis in both cells (Annexin+/PI+). We conducted an in vivo study involving female dogs affected by CMT and divided them into control and treatment groups. For both groups, a biopsy was performed on day 0 (D0) and a mastectomy was performed on day 14 (D14). In the treatment group, after biopsy on D0, the patients received Previcox® 5 mg/kg PO once a day until mastectomy was performed on D14. COX-2/caspase-3 double immunostaining was performed on samples from D0 and D14, revealing no difference in the control group. In contrast, in the treatment group Previcox® increased the number of COX-2 positive apoptotic cells. Therefore, firocoxib can induce apoptosis in CMT cells in vitro and in vivo, and Previcox® can be a potential neoadjuvant treatment for patients with mammary cancer.

Effect of Xylitol Varnishes on the Inhibition of Demineralization in Vitro

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of xylitol varnishes in the inhibition of enamel demineralization in vitro. Material and Methods: Bovine enamel blocks (n=120) were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 30), and the surface hardness (SH) was measured at baseline. The blocks were treated with the following varnishes: 20% xylitol, 20% xylitol plus F (5% NaF), Duraphat™ (5% NaF, positive control), and placebo (no-F/xylitol, negative control). The varnishes were applied and removed after 6 h of immersion in artificial saliva. The blocks were subjected to pH cycles (demineralization and remineralization for 2 and 22h/day, respectively, for 8 days). Surface and cross-sectional hardnesses were measured to calculate the percentage of SH loss (%SHL) and the integrated loss of the subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's tests (p<0.05). Results: %SHL was significantly decreased by 20% xylitol plus F, Duraphat™, and 20% xylitol varnishes compared to placebo. The use of 20% xylitol plus F varnish led to a significantly lower percentage of SH loss compared to the use of 20% xylitol varnish without F. However, the experimental and commercial varnishes led to significantly lower subsurface demineralization compared to placebo and did not differ from each other. Conclusion: Xylitol varnishes, especially when combined with F, effectively prevent enamel demineralization (AU).

Experimental composite containing silicon dioxide-coated silver nanoparticles for orthodontic bonding: Antimicrobial activity and shear bond strength

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel using experimental composites with different concentrations of silicon dioxide-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs). Methods: Fifty bovine incisors were divided into five groups according to the composite (n = 10): G1 - Control Group (Transbond XT Resin), G2 - Experimental composite without Ag@SiO2 NPs; G3 - Experimental composite with 0.5% of Ag@SiO2 NPs; G4 - Experimental composite with 1% of Ag@SiO2 NPs; G5 - Experimental composite with 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs. The SBS test was performed using a universal mechanical testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was analyzed by optical microscopy. For the antimicrobial activity evaluation, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm was formed for three days in hydroxyapatite discs. Posteriorly, S. mutans colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. For SBS analysis, Analysis of Variance was used, followed by the Tukey test, at a 5% statistical significance level. The CFU data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunn as a post-hoc test. The ARI results were analyzed descriptively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in SBS values between the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). A 3% incorporation of Ag@SiO2 NPs statistically reduced the SBS values (p<0.05) compared to the 1% group. The addition of 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs to the composites significantly reduced S. mutans biofilm formation, compared to group G2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Composites incorporating 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs presented similar SBS values compared to the control group, and showed significant antimicrobial activity.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou investigar a atividade antimicrobiana e a resistência de união ao cisalhamento (RU) de braquetes ortodônticos colados em esmalte bovino, utilizando compósitos experimentais com diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas de prata revestidas com dióxido de silício (NPs Ag@SiO2). Material e Métodos: Cinquenta incisivos bovinos foram divididos em cinco grupos, de acordo com o compósito utilizado (n = 10): G1 - Grupo Controle (Resina Transbond XT); G2 - Compósito Experimental sem NPs Ag@SiO2; G3 - Compósito Experimental com 0,5% de NPs Ag@SiO2; G4 - Composto Experimental com 1% de NPs Ag@SiO2; e G5 - Compósito Experimental com 3% de NPs Ag@SiO2. O teste de RU foi realizado em máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos, e o índice de adesivo remanescente (IAR) foi analisado por microscopia óptica. Para a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, biofilme de S. mutans foi formado por três dias em discos de hidroxiapatita. Posteriormente, foram avaliadas as unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de S. mutans. Para a análise de RU, foi utilizada a Análise de Variância, seguida do teste de Tukey, com nível de significância estatística de 5%. Os dados de UFC foram analisados por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste post-hoc de Dunn. Os resultados de IAR foram analisados descritivamente. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores de RU entre os grupos experimentais e o grupo controle (p> 0,05). A incorporação de 3% de NPs Ag@SiO2 reduziu estatisticamente os valores de RU (p< 0,05), em comparação ao grupo com 1%. A adição de 3% de NPs Ag@SiO2 ao compósito reduziu significativamente a formação de biofilme de S. mutans, em relação ao grupo G2 (p< 0,05). Conclusão: Os compósitos com incorporação de 3% de NPs Ag@SiO2 apresentaram valores de RU semelhantes ao grupo controle e demonstraram significativa atividade antimicrobiana.