Impact of different automated peritoneal dialysis modalities on the inflammatory profile of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease / Impacto das diferentes modalidades de diálise peritoneal automatizada sobre o perfil inflamatório de idosos portadores de doença renal crônica

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease, more prevalent in the elderly, is considered a public health issue worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the impact of automated, peritoneal dialysis modalities, intermittent and continuous, on the inflammatory profile of elderly people with chronic kidney disease. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in a dialysis clinic in Brasília - Brazil, with 74 elderly people aged 60 years or older. The patients underwent rapid Peritoneal Equilibration Test, clinical assessment, blood collection for biochemical and cytokine assessments, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta 1, and answered a quality-of-life questionnaire (KDQOL-SF36). We used a 5% significance level for data analysis, associations and correlations. Results: Patients in the continuous modality had higher serum values of transforming growth factor beta 1 than those in the intermittent modality, which had higher peritoneal transforming growth factor beta 1, age and residual renal function than those in continuous mode. Interleukin 6 dosage in the peritoneum was associated with age, while serum IL-6 was associated with IL-6 in the peritoneum, time on dialysis and age. There was no association between the modality and the presence of diabetes, blood volume or nutritional status. Both modalities enable good adaptation to the dialysis treatment. Conclusion: Inflammation in automated peritoneal dialysis is mainly associated with low residual renal function, advanced age and longer time on therapy, and not to the type of dialysis performed.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica, mais prevalente em idosos, é considerada um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto das modalidades de diálise peritoneal automatizada, intermitente e contínua, no perfil inflamatório de idosos renais crônicos. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, transversal e analítico realizado em uma clínica de diálise em Brasília, com 74 idosos com idade igual ou maior que 60 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao Teste de Equilíbrio Peritoneal rápido, avaliação clínica, coleta de sangue para avaliações bioquímicas e de citocinas, interleucina 6 e fator de crescimento transformador beta 1, e questionário de qualidade de vida (KDQOL-SF36). Foram utilizadas para análise dos dados, associações e correlações com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Pacientes na modalidade contínua apresentaram valores séricos do fator de crescimento transformador beta 1 maiores do que os em modalidade intermitente. Estes apresentaram fator de crescimento transformador beta 1 no peritônio, idade e função renal residual maiores do que os em modalidade contínua. A dosagem da interleucina 6 no peritônio foi associada à idade, enquanto a IL-6 sérica foi associada à IL-6 no peritônio, ao tempo em diálise e à idade. Não houve associação entre a modalidade e a presença de diabetes, volemia ou estado nutricional. Ambas as modalidades permitem boa adequação à terapia dialítica. Conclusão: A inflamação na diálise peritoneal automatizada está associada principalmente à baixa função renal residual, à idade avançada e ao maior tempo em terapia, e não à modalidade de diálise realizada.

Impact of different automated peritoneal dialysis modalities on the inflammatory profile of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease, more prevalent in the elderly, is considered a public health issue worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of automated, peritoneal dialysis modalities, intermittent and continuous, on the inflammatory profile of elderly people with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in a dialysis clinic in Brasília - Brazil, with 74 elderly people aged 60 years or older. The patients underwent rapid Peritoneal Equilibration Test, clinical assessment, blood collection for biochemical and cytokine assessments, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta 1, and answered a quality-of-life questionnaire (KDQOL-SF36). We used a 5% significance level for data analysis, associations and correlations. RESULTS: Patients in the continuous modality had higher serum values of transforming growth factor beta 1 than those in the intermittent modality, which had higher peritoneal transforming growth factor beta 1, age and residual renal function than those in continuous mode. Interleukin 6 dosage in the peritoneum was associated with age, while serum IL-6 was associated with IL-6 in the peritoneum, time on dialysis and age. There was no association between the modality and the presence of diabetes, blood volume or nutritional status. Both modalities enable good adaptation to the dialysis treatment. CONCLUSION: Inflammation in automated peritoneal dialysis is mainly associated with low residual renal function, advanced age and longer time on therapy, and not to the type of dialysis performed.

Impact of telemedicine on metabolic control and hospitalization of peritoneal dialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national multicentric cohort study / Impacto da telemedicina no controle metabólico e hospitalização de pacientes em diálise peritoneal durante a pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo de coorte multicêntrico nacional

Abstract Introduction: The coronavirus-19 pandemic threatens the lives of all people, but results in higher mortality rates for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) including those on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Telemedicine was the main alternative to reduce exposure to the virus, but it was introduced in the Brazil without proper training. Objective: To investigate the impact of telemedicine on metabolic control, peritonitis rates, and hospitalization in PD patients during the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study. We included all adult patients on chronic PD from 9 clinics selected by convenience during the pandemic. The outcomes of interest were measured and compared between before and after switching to telemedicine using repeated measure analysis and multilevel Poisson regression. Results: The study included 747 patients with a mean age of 59.7±16.6 years, of whom 53.7% were male and 40.8% had diabetes. Biochemical parameters including hemoglobin, potassium, phosphate, calcium, and urea serum levels did not change significantly after transition to telemedicine. There was no association between telemedicine and peritonitis rates. In contrast, hospitalization rates increased significantly in the telemedicine period. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for hospitalization in the telemedicine period was 1.54 (95%CI 1.10-2.17; p 0.012) and 1.57 (95%CI 1.12-2.21; p 0.009) in the mixed-effects Poisson regression before and after adjustment for the presence of confounders. Admissions for hypervolemia and infections not related to PD doubled after transition to telemedicine. Conclusion: The implementation of telemedicine without proper training may lead to an increase in adverse events in PD patients.

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia do coronavírus-19 ameaça a vida de todas as pessoas, mas resulta em uma alta taxa de mortalidade em pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET), incluindo aqueles em diálise peritoneal (DP). A telemedicina foi a principal alternativa para reduzir a exposição ao vírus, mas foi introduzida no Brasil sem treinamento adequado. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto da telemedicina no controle metabólico, taxas de peritonite e hospitalização em pacientes em DP na pandemia. Métodos: Estudo de coorte multicêntrico retrospectivo. Incluímos todos os pacientes adultos em DP crônica de 9 clínicas selecionadas por conveniência durante a pandemia. Desfechos de interesse foram medidos e comparados entre antes e depois da mudança para telemedicina usando análise de medidas repetidas e regressão multinível de Poisson. Resultados: Incluiu-se 747 pacientes com idade média de 59,7±16,6 anos, sendo 53,7% homens e 40,8% diabéticos. Parâmetros bioquímicos, incluindo níveis séricos de hemoglobina, potássio, fosfato, cálcio e ureia não mudaram significativamente após transição para telemedicina. Não houve associação entre telemedicina e taxas de peritonite. Em contraste, taxas de hospitalização aumentaram significativamente no período de telemedicina. A razão de taxas de incidência (RTI) para internação no período de telemedicina foi 1,54 (IC95% 1,10-2,17; p 0,012) e 1,57 (IC95% 1,12-2,21; p 0,009) na regressão multinível de Poisson antes e após ajuste para presença de fatores de confusão. As internações por hipervolemia e infecções não relacionadas à DP dobraram após transição para telemedicina. Conclusão: A implementação da telemedicina sem treinamento adequado pode levar ao aumento de eventos adversos em pacientes em DP.

Impact of telemedicine on metabolic control and hospitalization of peritoneal dialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national multicentric cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus-19 pandemic threatens the lives of all people, but results in higher mortality rates for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) including those on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Telemedicine was the main alternative to reduce exposure to the virus, but it was introduced in the Brazil without proper training. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of telemedicine on metabolic control, peritonitis rates, and hospitalization in PD patients during the pandemic. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study. We included all adult patients on chronic PD from 9 clinics selected by convenience during the pandemic. The outcomes of interest were measured and compared between before and after switching to telemedicine using repeated measure analysis and multilevel Poisson regression. RESULTS: The study included 747 patients with a mean age of 59.7±16.6 years, of whom 53.7% were male and 40.8% had diabetes. Biochemical parameters including hemoglobin, potassium, phosphate, calcium, and urea serum levels did not change significantly after transition to telemedicine. There was no association between telemedicine and peritonitis rates. In contrast, hospitalization rates increased significantly in the telemedicine period. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for hospitalization in the telemedicine period was 1.54 (95%CI 1.10-2.17; p 0.012) and 1.57 (95%CI 1.12-2.21; p 0.009) in the mixed-effects Poisson regression before and after adjustment for the presence of confounders. Admissions for hypervolemia and infections not related to PD doubled after transition to telemedicine. CONCLUSION: The implementation of telemedicine without proper training may lead to an increase in adverse events in PD patients.

Avaliacao da procedencia de pacientes internados em tres hospitais da Fundacao Hospitalar do Distrito Federal / Analysis on the Origin of Patients Hospitalized in Three Hospitals of the Distrito Federals Hospital Foundation

A demanda por servicos publicos de saude tem aumentado em media 10 por cento ao ano nos ultimos quatro anos, gerando um verdadeiro estrangulamento deste setor no Distrito Federal. Em busca de respostas para este aumento excessivo, analisou-se a procedencia de 386 pacientes internados nas clinicas medica, cirurgica e maternidade de tres Hospitais Regionais da Fundacao Hospitalar do Distrito Federal, realizando-se com este fim, um censo nos dias 18 e 19 de setembro de 1995 nas referidas clinicas dos Hospitais da Asa Norte, Sobradinho e Gama, onde avaliou-se, alem da procedencia, a possivel participacao de prefeituras no encaminhamento destes pacientes. Os dados mostraram que, dos 386 leitos hospitalares ocupados nos dias do censo, 53,4 por cento destes destinavam-se a pacientes residentes fora do Distrito Federal. O Estado de Goias foi responsavel por 60,2 por cento destes pacientes. Dentre os motivos que trouxeram os pacientes ao Distrito Federal, 91,3 por cento vieram especificamente para o tratamento. Quanto a participacao de prefeituras no encaminhamento destes pacientes, observou-se que, em media, 28,1 por cento vieram com alguma ajuda financeira das mesmas, sendo que, no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, este percentual atingiu 37,9 por cento. Conclui-se, por fim, que tal situacao onera a Secretaria de Saude do DF com problemas de outros estados da Federacao, sugerindo a necessidade de reavaliacao dos criterios de repasse dos recursos do Governo Federal e de prefeituras municipais de outros Estados para o Governo do Distrito Federal