ABSTRACT
Dyslipidemia is a chronic non-transmissible condition that has increased due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Statins have been used as the standard treatment to control hyperlipidemia. However, side effects and high costs may be associated with its prolonged treatment, so plants derivatives have been an attractive therapy to overcome these problems. Among the compounds extracted from plants, the p-hydroxycinnamic diesters (HCE), present in carnauba wax (CW), have been found with good pharmacological properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-hypercholesterolemic and possible toxicological effects of HCE in C57BL/6J mice under a high-fat (HF) diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed during 60 days under the HF diet and therefore were either treated with HCE (200 and 400 mg/kg) or simvastatin (20 mg/kg) or received saline (controls) by gavage for 30 days under the same diet. HCE treatment was able to reduce serum total cholesterol and LDL levels. Besides, this compound increased liver X receptor (LXR) and but not significantly affected IL-1ß and TNF-α liver mRNA transcription activity. In conclusion, HCE treatment was found safe and may attenuate the deleterious effects of dyslipidemia due to chronic feeding with western diets.
Subject(s)
Arecaceae/chemistry , Coumaric Acids/pharmacology , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Body Weight/drug effects , Coumaric Acids/administration & dosage , Coumaric Acids/isolation & purification , Coumaric Acids/toxicity , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Hyperlipidemias/chemically induced , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypolipidemic Agents/toxicity , Inflammation/genetics , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/genetics , Lipids/blood , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Liver X Receptors/metabolism , Male , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Simvastatin/administration & dosage , Simvastatin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/6376173.].
ABSTRACT
The present objective of the investigation is to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic activity of the aqueous fruit pulp extract (APE) of Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore (Arecaceae family). Various chemical characterization methods like thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography have been employed to characterize the extracted pectin. The present study demonstrated that hypercholesterolemic diet (HD) created hypercholesterolemia, caused significant increases in body weight, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, and caused decreases in high-density lipoprotein in serum compared with SD group. Two doses (APE 150 and 300 mg/Kg b.w./day) were administered to hyperlipidemic mice for 90 days. APE reversed body weight changes, changed serum lipids to normal values, and significantly inhibited the changes of lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the liver tissues. The renal parameters analyzed (urea and creatinine) altered by diet were reverted to normal values. Our results revealed that aqueous fruit pulp extracts of carnauba reduced hypercholesterolemia showing a potential preventive effect against cardiovascular diseases without side effects cause.