ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Varicella causes a major health burden in many low- to middle-income countries located in tropical regions. Because of the lack of surveillance data, however, the epidemiology of varicella in these regions remains uncharacterized. In this study, based on an extensive dataset of weekly varicella incidence in children ≤10 during 2011-2014 in 25 municipalities, we aimed to delineate the seasonality of varicella across the diverse tropical climates of Colombia. METHODS: We used generalized additive models to estimate varicella seasonality, and we used clustering and matrix correlation methods to assess its correlation with climate. Furthermore, we developed a mathematical model to examine whether including the effect of climate on varicella transmission could reproduce the observed spatiotemporal patterns. RESULTS: Varicella seasonality was markedly bimodal, with latitudinal changes in the peaks' timing and amplitude. This spatial gradient strongly correlated with specific humidity (Mantel statistic = 0.412, P = .001) but not temperature (Mantel statistic = 0.077, P = .225). The mathematical model reproduced the observed patterns not only in Colombia but also México, and it predicted a latitudinal gradient in Central America. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate large variability in varicella seasonality across Colombia and suggest that spatiotemporal humidity fluctuations can explain the calendar of varicella epidemics in Colombia, México, and potentially in Central America.
Subject(s)
Chickenpox , Child , Humans , Chickenpox/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Climate , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Humidity , Seasons , Tropical ClimateABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo en el Hospital Oftalmológico, El Oued, Argelia, en el período de agosto de 2014 a julio de 2015 con el objetivo de caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente la aparición de pterigium. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por los 700 pacientes con dicho diagnóstico y la muestra por 366 pacientes atendidos en el servicio de córnea. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, localización, grado del pterigium y ocupación de riesgo. Se encontró la mayor frecuencia de pacientes entre 20 y 29 años (38.5 por ciento), del sexo masculino (59.3 por ciento) y con ocupación de riesgo (82.0 por ciento). Predominaron los casos con pterigium grado II y la localización nasal fue la más encontrada(AU)
An observational, descriptive study was performed at the Ophthalmological Hospital, El Oued, Algeria, from August 2014 to July 2015, with the aim of characterizing the clinical and epidemiological characterization of pterigium. The study of the universe consisted of the 700 patients with this diagnosis and the sample of 366 patients seen in the cornea service. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, location, degree of pterygium and occupation of risk. The highest frequency of patients between 20 and 29 years old (38.5 percent), male (59.3 percent) and occupational risk (82.0 percent) was found. The cases with pterigium grade II predominated and the nasal location was the most found(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pterygium/epidemiology , Algeria , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the genotype distribution of HPV among women with a Pap smear showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) attending the Program for the Detection and Control of Cervical Cancer in Bogotá, Colombia. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical samples from 200 women with an ASC-US Pap smear were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA and genotype distribution using a commercial molecular technique (Linear Array®; Roche Molecular Systems, USA). RESULTS: HPV infection was found in 140 women (70%). High-risk HPV types were present in 46.4% of the samples; 16.4% showed a low-risk HPV type, and 37.1% showed both. Of the positive samples, 42.9% were infected with a single viral genotype, whereas 57.1% exhibited multiple HPV infections. The most common HPV genotypes were HPV 16, 53, and 52 with a prevalence of 26.4, 16.4, and 13.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological characterization of HPV infections described in this study might guide actions for epidemiological surveillance to strengthen the program in Bogotá and to develop appropriate HPV vaccination programs.
Subject(s)
Cervix Uteri/pathology , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Adult , Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix/pathology , Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix/virology , Cervix Uteri/virology , DNA, Viral/genetics , Female , Genotype , Humans , Middle Aged , Papanicolaou Test/methods , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaginal Smears/methods , Young AdultABSTRACT
Se describe el caso de una paciente de 49 años de edad, hipertiroidea, que presenta tendinitis postraumática en el antebrazo izquierdo iniciando tratamiento con diclofenaco por vía oral. Cuatro días después aparecen lesiones purpúricas hemorrágicas en miembros superiores, inferiores y artralgia. Se diagnostica como púrpura anafilactoide secundaria a antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), enfermedad que por su gravedad puede comprometer la vida del paciente de no diagnosticarse y tratarse adecuadamente(AU)
The case of a patient, female, 49-year-old hyperthyroid, having traumatic tendinitis in his forearm left initiating treatment with diclofenac in oral way. Four days later appear hemorrhagic and purple wounds in upper, lower limbs and arthralgia.the patients was diagnosed as anaphylaxis ,purple and secondary to non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease severity that may cause severe damage in patient's life with properly diagnosis and treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , IgA Vasculitis/etiology , Diclofenac/adverse effects , TendinopathyABSTRACT
La tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) constituye una de las tecnologías de punta en el diagnóstico oftalmológico, al permitir la visualización in vivo y sin contacto la estructura de la retina y facilitar estudio del nervio óptico. En este artículo se exponen las características fundamentales del 3D-OCT-1000 de la Topcon y se muestran algunas imágenes realizadas con este equipo durante la colaboración médica brindada en el Hospital Oftalmológico de la Amistad Cuba-China en Hebi, Henan, China (AU)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the technologies in ophthalmic diagnosis, allowing in vivo imaging and non-contact structure of the retina and optic nerve to facilitate study. In this article are exposed, the fundamental characteristics of 3D-OCT-1000 Topcon equipment and are shown some images taken with this equipment during medical cooperation provided in the Cuba-China Friendship hospital in Hebi, Henan, China
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases , Optic NerveABSTRACT
Los adenomas de hipófisis constituyen la tumoración intracraneal que con mayor frecuencia afecta el sistema visual, acorde a lo que demuestran los estudios psicofísicos y neurofisiológicos, de ahí, la importancia de un seguimiento adecuado y oportuno en consultas de Neuroftamología. En este estudio se describe el caso de una paciente atendida en nuestro servicio con palidez temporal de discos ópticos y defectos campimétricos importantes, con diagnóstico de macroadenoma de hipófisis al realizarle estudios de imagen (AU)
Pituitary adenomas are the intracranial tumor that most often affects the visual system, according to what show psychophysical and neurophysiological studies, hence, the importance of proper monitoring and timely Neuro and ophthalmologic consultations. This study describes the case of a patient treated in our department with optical disc temporal pallor and significant visual field defects, diagnosed with pituitary adenoma by x-ray tests (AU)
Subject(s)
Adenoma, Basophil , Pituitary Neoplasms , Visual Field Tests , Optic DiskABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio de intervención educativa, con el objetivo de modificar conocimientos sobre el glaucoma crónico simple en los médicos de la familia del Policlínico Hermanos Martínez Tamayo, Baracoa en el periodo enero-diciembre del 2009. El universo está constituido por 20 médicos de familia que atienden pacientes glaucomatosos en su área de salud. Se aplica un cuestionario que permite explorar los conocimientos acerca de: concepto de la enfermedad, síntomas, medios diagnósticos y tratamiento, así como la satisfacción después del programa de capacitación. Se logran modificar los conocimientos una vez aplicada la intervención con óptimos resultados(AU)
A study of educational intervention is done, with the aim to change knowledge about chronic simple glaucoma in the family doctors Polyclinic Hermanos Martínez Tamayo, Baracoa. From January to December 2009. The universe is composed by 20 family physicians that see glaucomatous patients in their health area. A questionnaire was applied to assess the knowledge about: the concept of the disease, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment, with satisfaction after the learning program. Know ledges are modified after application of the intervention with optimum results(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio en 297 pacientes con diagnóstico de neuropatía óptica epidémica (NOE) en el servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto de Guantánamo, en el periodo 1992-2005. Se les realizan pruebas de visión a color con test de Ishihara, sensibilidad al contraste con test de Vistech, campimetría y oftalmoscopia. Se valora la dinámica de acumulación de los casos y la comparación en relación con la edad y el sexo entre la muestra total de afectados. Se exploran las variables psicofísicas: agudeza visual, visión de colores, fondo de ojo y campo visual. El sexo masculino y los grupos etarios entre 25 a 44 años y 45 a 64 años fueron los más afectados. El 65.3 por ciento de los pacientes fue evaluado como alta clínica con secuelas. Predominaron, además, las formas moderadas de la enfermedad y la palidez temporal del disco óptico a la oftalmoscopia (AU)
