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1.
Metabolites ; 14(4)2024 Apr 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668325

ABSTRACT

Fungicides play an important role in crop protection, but they have also been shown to adversely affect non-target organisms, including those living in the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study is to combine experimental and computational approaches to evaluate the effects of flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, tetraconazole and triticonazole on aquatic model organisms and to obtain information on the effects of these fungicides on Lemna minor, a freshwater plant, at the molecular level. The EC50 (the half-maximum effective concentration) values for the growth inhibition of Lemna minor in the presence of the investigated fungicides show that metconazole (EC50 = 0.132 mg/L) and tetraconazole (EC50 = 0.539 mg/L) are highly toxic, tebuconazole (EC50 = 1.552 mg/L), flutriafol (EC50 = 3.428 mg/L) and myclobutanil (EC50 = 9.134 mg/L) are moderately toxic, and triticonazole (EC50 = 11.631 mg/L) is slightly toxic to this plant. The results obtained with the computational tools TEST, ADMETLab2.0 and admetSAR2.0 also show that metconazole and tetraconazole are toxic to other aquatic organisms: Pimephales promelas, Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena pyriformis. A molecular docking study shows that triazole fungicides can affect photosynthesis in Lemna minor because they strongly bind to C43 (binding energies between -7.44 kcal/mol and -7.99 kcal/mol) and C47 proteins (binding energies between -7.44 kcal/mol and -8.28 kcal/mol) in the reaction center of photosystem II, inhibiting the binding of chlorophyll a to these enzymes. In addition, they can also inhibit glutathione S-transferase, an enzyme involved in the cellular detoxification of Lemna minor.

2.
Development ; 151(2)2024 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38108453

ABSTRACT

A growing wealth of data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling might be crucial in conferring embryonic or adult stem cells their specific properties. However, how stem cells control ROS production and scavenging, and how ROS in turn contribute to stemness, remain poorly understood. Using the Xenopus retina as a model system, we first investigated the redox status of retinal stem cells (RSCs). We discovered that they exhibit higher ROS levels compared with progenitors and retinal neurons, and express a set of specific redox genes. We next addressed the question of ROS functional involvement in these cells. Using pharmacological or genetic tools, we demonstrate that inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production increases the proportion of quiescent RSCs. Surprisingly, this is accompanied by an apparent acceleration of the mean division speed within the remaining proliferating pool. Our data further unveil that such impact on RSC cell cycling is achieved by modulation of the Wnt/Hedgehog signalling balance. Altogether, we highlight that RSCs exhibit distinctive redox characteristics and exploit NADPH oxidase signalling to limit quiescence and fine-tune their proliferation rate.


Subject(s)
Adult Stem Cells , Neural Stem Cells , Animals , Xenopus laevis/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species , Cell Proliferation , Hedgehog Proteins , Retina/metabolism , Adult Stem Cells/metabolism , NADPH Oxidases/genetics , Wnt Signaling Pathway
3.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 559-578, ago. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448510

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los gobiernos municipales de Costa Rica tienen un papel significativo en el Sistema Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo (SNGR) para enfrentar las múltiples amenazas y riesgos que afectan al país desde sus territorios. Los distintos marcos y políticas que trabajan en el enfoque de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (GRD) promueven la realización de análisis de riesgos como proceso que contribuye a su reducción y mitigación, y destacan el enfoque de género como principio o eje para visibilizar la necesidad de realizar revisiones y acciones diferenciadas por género. El presente artículo recoge la investigación realizada que responde a la pregunta "¿Cuáles son los elementos psicosociales que influyen en la puesta en práctica de la transversalización del enfoque de género en los procesos de la GRD de las oficinas municipales?" Esta pregunta se respondió desde la Psicología Social Comunitaria y la Psicología Social Feminista. Se realizó un estudio con enfoque cualitativo y diseño fenomenológico, en el que se aplicaron entrevistas a representantes institucionales en GRD y género. Se identificaron doce elementos psicosociales que influyen en la transversalización del enfoque de género en la GRD municipal, que deben visibilizarse y pueden ser trabajados para abordar los riesgos de dos poblaciones históricamente discriminadas: mujeres y población LGTBIQ+. Trabajar las desigualdades de género como causa subyacente del riesgo es prioritario para la GRD.


Abstract The city governments of Costa Rica have a significant role in the National Risk Management System (SNGR in Spanish) to face the multiple threats and risks that affect the country from their territories. The different frameworks and policies that work with the Disaster Risk Management approach, among which are international (e. g., Sendai Framework for Action), regional (e. g., Central American Policy for Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management), and national instruments (e. g., National Risk Management Policy), promote risk analysis as a process that contributes to their reduction and mitigation, which, together with specific policies focused on gender (e. g., Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women [CEDAW]), highlight the gender approach as a principle or axis, making the need to carry out reviews and actions differentiated by gender visible. The growth of inequalities in events such as disasters emphasizes the fact that there are gender differences in the perception of risks, the levels of vulnerability that exist and the capacities to cope. This article collects the research carried out that answers the question: "What are the psychosocial elements that influence the implementation of mainstreaming the gender approach in DRM processes in municipal offices?" from Community Social Psychology and Feminist Social Psychology. A study with a qualitative approach and phenomenological design was carried out, in which interviews were applied to institutional representatives in DRM and gender. The first seeks to promote processes of social transformation, considering the psychosocial processes that permeate community dynamics, which, in turn, are influenced by specific contexts. As for Feminist Psychology, it promotes the identification of inequalities and the creation of options for change. The relationship between feminist political perspectives and psychological practices and sexual and gender differences were considered as causes of inequalities, generating certain psychosocial analyzes not widely developed so far. A subjective perspective to the lived experience of the people participating in the research was considered in order to emphasize the meanings and knowledge as a process, based on interviews with institutional representatives of municipal offices and national institutions both focused on DRM or gender. Twelve psychosocial elements that influence the mainstreaming of the gender approach in municipal DRM were identified: the need for training and awareness, the requirement of political will, the naturalization of gender roles and stereotypes, the recognition of gender differences, resistance to mainstreaming gender, subjectivity, the presence or absence of inter and intra-institutional articulations, the social participation of women, the recognition of gender violence, the recognition of vulnerable populations, the cultural context and social inequalities. Moreover, gender inequalities are recognized as an element that affects and emphasizes the vulnerabilities of specific populations, such as women of different ages, transgender people, people with disabilities, among others. The research allowed an approach to ten different territorial contexts where DRM is put into practice from an office or as a process, and how the experience of the people who lead them understands the gender approach, contrasting with the institutional perspective applied at the national level. It is concluded that these should be made visible and can be worked on to address the risks of two historically discriminated populations: women and LGTBIQ+ population. Considering gender inequalities as an underlying cause of risk is a priority for Disaster Risk Management.

4.
Rev. peru. epidemiol. (Online) ; 17(2): 1-8, mayo.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-706070

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) y enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia en niños menores de seis meses en Perú el año 2012. Métodos: Análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica de Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2012. Se definen variables y establece asociación de LME con enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA), infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA), infección inespecífica (fiebre) y problema de salud infeccioso. Análisis estad¡stico univariado, bivariado con Chi-cuadrado, OR (IC95%) y multivariado con regresión logística binaria con p<0,05 en SPSS 20, según procedimiento de ponderación del INEI. Resultados: Se incluyó a 829 niños peruanos menores de seis meses. 97,4% de niños se encontraba actualmente lactando, solo 48,7 % recib¡a LME. Se encontró un OR ajustado (ORa) de 0,37 IC95% 0,22 – 0,62) entre LME y EDA, ORa de 0,57 (IC95% 0,37 – 0,89) entre LME e infección inespecífica y ORa de 0,46 (IC95% 0.31 – 0.69) entre LME y problema de salud infeccioso en comparación a quienes no recib¡an LME. No se encontró asociación entre LME e IRA. Conclusiones: La lactancia materna exclusiva se asoció a menor probabilidad de presentar enfermedad diarreica aguda, infección inespecífica y algún problema de salud infeccioso en niños peruanos menores de seis meses.


Objective: To determine the association between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and infectious diseases in infants younger than 6 months in Peru in 2012. Methods: Secondary analysis of “Encuesta Demogr fica de Salud Familiar” (ENDES) survey database of 2012. Variables were defined on the database and association established based between EBF and fever (non-specific infection), acute diarrhea (AD), respiratory tract infections (RTI) and infectious health problem. Univariate and bivariate analysis performed with Chi-squared test and Odds Ratio (IC95%); multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression, p<0.05 using SPSS 20, according to weighing procedures of INEI. Results: 829 peruvian children under 6 months were included in the study. 97,4% of infants received breastfeeding, and only 48,7% received EBF. Compared with non-EBF infants, EBF infants presented lower risks of AD (adjusted OR [aOR]= 0,38; 95%CI 0,23-0,63); non-specific infection (aOR=0,60; 95%CI 0,39-0,93) and infectious health disease (aOR=0,47; 95%CI 0,32-0,69). No association was found between RTI and EBF. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of presenting acute diarrhea, non-specific infection and infectious health problems.


Subject(s)
Female , Infant , Integrated Management of Childhood Illness , Breast Feeding , Cross-Sectional Studies
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