[Hygienic analysis of factors affecting of the occurrence of sleep disorders prevalence rate].

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence rate of sleep disorders in various age and professional groups of the population - residents of different regions of Russia and to estimate the relative role of environmental, work-related and life style factors in their progression. Materials and Methods: 6 groups of the population including more than 2500 adults and children - residents of areas with various levels of environmental pollution were examined with the use of the structured questionnaire. Working conditions of state employees and health care professionals were examined. Statistical analysis including the calculation of odds ratios for sleep disorders was performed Results: Disorders of the sleep maintenance among adults were found in 49% of men and 51% of women in Moscow; 49.3% of men and 26.7% of women in Voronezh. Air pollution and noise levels increased risks of insomnia by 10% and 20% respectively. In the city of Serpukhov (the Moscow Region) 78.7% of girls and 94.1% of boys estimated their sleep as deep and sound; in the Great Novgorod so did 69.2% girls and 66.0% boys. A trend (R=0.97) for the increasing of the prevalence rate of insomnia symptoms among children with the age was revealed. In working populations there was shown the positive correlation between the prevalence rate of sleep disorders and job environment, hardness of the work (r=0.28) and work-related stress (odds ratio = 1.8). Conclusion: Harmful environmental factors, life style, hardness of the work and work related stress are independent risk factors of chronic insomnia.

[Respiratory disorders during sleep in patients with cardiovascular diseases at the stage of rehabilitation].

High prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases dictates the necessity of enhancing the efficacy of preventive and rehabilitative programs, elaboration and implementation of innovative medical technologies. Sleep disturbances and especially associated respiratory disorders are important risk factors of arterial hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, abnormal heart rhythms, cerebrovascular pathology, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Introduction of the methods for diagnostics and correction of sleep disturbances into rehabilitative programs improves immediate and long-term results of the treatment.

[The problems of modern rehabilitology (proceedings of VII International Conference)].

The article is devoted to rendering of the proceedings of the VII International conference on scientific and practical arrangements of the modern rehabilitology. Over 300 specialists participated in the conference, among them a big number of physicians and prominent scientists. The main report was made by a corresponding member of RAMS A. Romanov, who dwelled upon the problems of development and quality of specialized multi-field rehabilitation centers, specializing in providing modern highly qualified medical aid and extending human professional longevity. The report of full member of RAMS, prof V. Tutelyan, was devoted to problems of nutrition, first of all, to fundamentals of nutriology, modern methods of diagnostics of human nutrition status and ways of dietary correction, performed with the use of computer programs. 2 symposia were held within the framework of the conference. One symposium was devoted to actual problems of rehabilitology in rehabilitation centers affiliated to the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, the other one--to an adverse influence of weather on human health.

[Chronic sleeplessness in a system of health hazards for workers].

Chronic sleeplessness is a prevalent sleep disorder with negative influence on workers' health state. The study demonstrated role of chronic stress at work in sleep disorders formation, specified mechanisms of negative influence caused by chronic sleeplessness on cardiovascular system and immune state of workers, suggested scientifically based prevention pattern.

[The treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis by using a low-power laser at a general rehabilitation center]. / Lechenie bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom s ispol'zovaniem nizkoénergeticheskogo lazera v mnogoprofil'nom tsentre reabilitatsii.

100 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis were examined and treated in the therapeutic department of rehabilitation center. Combined treatment including low-energy laser radiation produced good results. Laser therapy has improved bronchial permeability, sensitivity of bronchial beta 2-receptors to sympathomimetics. As a result, their intake was reduced or discontinued. Laser radiation combined well with other non-pharmacological modalities.

[Social-hygienic evaluation of the prevalence of sleep disorders]. / Sotsial'no-gigienicheskaia otsenka rasprostrannenosti narushenii sna.

According to the data of interviews of 4000 subjects, the incidence of sleep disorders is about 30% in different regions of Russia; for the age group of 20 to 24 years it is 5%, for subjects aged over 60-40%. Fourteen percent of men and twenty-four percent of women of capable age (30-59 years) complain of insufficient sleep. The quality of sleep depends on age, sex, constitutional features (excessive or insufficient body weight), and social characteristics (frequent change of working places, change of place of residence (migrations), family status, and microclimate in a family. Health status is the main factor underlying the formation of various sleep disorders. Subjects suffering from sleep disorders earlier develop age-specific diseases, this indicating that biological age-specific processes are accelerated in this patient population.

[Course of ischemic heart disease in patients who have sustained a stroke]. / Techenie ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u bol'nykh, perenesshikh mozgovoi insul't.

The state of the cardiovascular system was studied over time in 171 patients with a history of acute impairment of the brain circulation; 135 of them were suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) (the study group) and 35 patients were free of CHD (the control group). The majority of the study group patients showed little if any clinical manifestations of CHD in the acute period of cerebral stroke. Five (3.7%) patients displayed small focal myocardial infarction on the ECG, two showed focal dystrophy of the myocardium, 71 (52.2%) patients had compromised coronary circulation and 47.5% of the patients had various disorders of rhythm and conductivity. The impairment of the coronary circulation in the acute period of cerebral stroke was shown to correlate with a subsequent course of CHD.