ABSTRACT
We studied lipids, apolipoprotein-E (apo-epsilon) genotypes and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors of 67 CAD patients (male/female ratio 5) in Curaçao. Compared with 57 controls, male CAD patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, apo-B and decreased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/cholesterol concentrations. Other CAD risk factors were: increased fasting glucose and HbA1c concentrations, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased prevalences of lipoprotein (a) concentration > 500 mg/l, renal disease, hyperhomocysteinaemia, diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II), positive CAD family history and cigarette smoking. Male CAD patients had higher plasma alpha-tocopheroleq. Compared with 29 female controls, female CAD patients had higher fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c concentrations, and prevalence of DM-II. Predicting factors for CAD development in the whole CAD group were: DM-II, cigarette smoking, apo-epsilon 3/epsilon 4 and apo-epsilon 4/epsilon 4 Apo-epsilon 4 was associated with lower HDL- and higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations. There is a need for local studies on improvement of diabetic control, reference values of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations, on apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes, causes of hyperhomocysteinaemia, and dietary influences on CAD development in subjects who carry the apo-epsilon 4 allele.
Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Coronary Disease/genetics , Genotype , Lipids/blood , Urban Population , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronary Disease/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Patients with coronary artery disease are advised to augment their dietary linoleic acid intakes at the expense of saturated fatty acids. We investigated whether the dietary linoleic acid intake of 57 patients with coronary artery disease (47 males, 10 females; ages 61 +/- 10 years) in Curaçao is higher as compared with 77 controls (51 males, 26 females; ages 56 +/- 7 years). For this, we measured plasma cholesterol ester fatty acids, which reflect the dietary fatty acid composition of the preceding weeks. Patients with coronary artery disease and controls had minor differences in cholesterol ester fatty acids. Their cholesterol ester linoleic acid content suggests that the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio is far below 1. Comparison with data reported for The Netherlands, Greenland and Crete showed that the dietary fatty acid composition in Curaçao is typically Western with a high intake of saturated fatty acids, a low intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and the consumption of linoleic acid as the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Intake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from fatty fish is low. Reduction of dietary saturated fatty acids, augmentation of fish consumption, and an increase of the alpha-linolenic/linoleic acid ratio are likely to be of benefit to both primary and secondary prevention from coronary artery disease in Curaçao.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/prevention & control , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids/administration & dosage , Urban Population , Adult , Aged , Cholesterol Esters/blood , Coronary Disease/blood , Coronary Disease/etiology , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Fatty Acids/adverse effects , Fatty Acids/blood , Feeding Behavior , Female , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Humans , Linoleic Acid , Linoleic Acids/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Patients with coronary artery diseases are advised to augment their dietary linoleic acid intakes at the expense of saturated fatty acids. We investigated whether the dietary linoleic acid intake of 57 patients with coronary artery disease (47 males, 10 females; ages 61 ñ 10 years) in Curacao is higher as compared with 77 controls (51 males, 26 females; ages 56 ñ 7 years). For this, we measured plasma cholesterol ester fatty acids, which reflect the dietary fatty acid composition of the preceeding weeks. Patients with coronary artery disease and controls had minor differences in cholesterol ester fatty acids. Their cholesterol ester linoleic acid content suggests that the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio is far below 1. Comparison with data reported for the the Netherlands, Greenland and Crete showed that the dietary fatty acid composition in Curacao is typically Western with a high intake of saturated fatty acids, a low intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and the consumption of linoleic acid as the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Intake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from fatty fish is low. Reduction of dietary saturated fatty acids, augmentation of fish consumption, and an increase of the O-linolenic/linoleic acid ratio are likely to be of benefit to both primary and secondary prevention from coronary artery disease in Curaco.(AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Coronary Disease/etiology , Cholesterol Esters/blood , Dietary Fats/blood , Primary Prevention , Coronary Disease/blood , Coronary Disease/prevention & control , Dietary Fats, Unsaturated , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Feeding Behavior , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
We studied lipids, apolipoprotein-E (apo-E) genotypes and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors of 67 CAD patients (male/female ratio 5) in Curacao. Compared with 57 controls, male CAD patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, apo-B and decreased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/cholesterol concentrations. Other CAD risk factors were: increased fasting glucose and Hba concentration, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased prevalences of lipoprotein (a) concentration > 500 mg/l, renal disease, hyperhomcysteinaemia, diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II), positive CAD family history and cigarette smoking. Male CAD patients had higher plasma O-tocopherol. Compared with 29 female controls, female CAD patients had higher fasting plasma glucose with HbA concentrations, and prevalence of DM-II. Predicting factors for CAD development in the whole CAD group were: DM-II, cigarette smoking, apo-E/E and apo-E/E Apo-E was associated with lower HDL-and higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations. There is a need for local studies on improvement of diabetic control, reference values of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations, on apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes, causes of hyperhomocysteinaemia, and dietary influences on CAD development in subject who carry the apo-E allele.(AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Coronary Disease/genetics , Lipids/genetics , Genotype , Alleles , Risk Factors , Disease Susceptibility , Case-Control Studies , Sex Factors , Coronary Disease/etiologyABSTRACT
We studied lipids, apolipoprotein-E (apo-E) genotypes and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors of 67 CAD patients (male/female ratio 5) in Curacao. Compared with 57 controls, male CAD patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, apo-B and decreased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/cholesterol concentrations. Other CAD risk factors were: increased fasting glucose and Hba concentration, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased prevalences of lipoprotein (a) concentration > 500 mg/l, renal disease, hyperhomcysteinaemia, diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II), positive CAD family history and cigarette smoking. Male CAD patients had higher plasma Ó-tocopherol. Compared with 29 female controls, female CAD patients had higher fasting plasma glucose with HbA concentrations, and prevalence of DM-II. Predicting factors for CAD development in the whole CAD group were: DM-II, cigarette smoking, apo-E/E and apo-E/E Apo-E was associated with lower HDL-and higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations. There is a need for local studies on improvement of diabetic control, reference values of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations, on apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes, causes of hyperhomocysteinaemia, and dietary influences on CAD development in subject who carry the apo-E allele.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Coronary Disease/genetics , Lipids/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Coronary Disease/etiology , Disease Susceptibility , Alleles , GenotypeABSTRACT
Patients with coronary artery diseases are advised to augment their dietary linoleic acid intakes at the expense of saturated fatty acids. We investigated whether the dietary linoleic acid intake of 57 patients with coronary artery disease (47 males, 10 females; ages 61 ñ 10 years) in Curacao is higher as compared with 77 controls (51 males, 26 females; ages 56 ñ 7 years). For this, we measured plasma cholesterol ester fatty acids, which reflect the dietary fatty acid composition of the preceeding weeks. Patients with coronary artery disease and controls had minor differences in cholesterol ester fatty acids. Their cholesterol ester linoleic acid content suggests that the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio is far below 1. Comparison with data reported for the the Netherlands, Greenland and Crete showed that the dietary fatty acid composition in Curacao is typically Western with a high intake of saturated fatty acids, a low intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and the consumption of linoleic acid as the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Intake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from fatty fish is low. Reduction of dietary saturated fatty acids, augmentation of fish consumption, and an increase of the Ó-linolenic/linoleic acid ratio are likely to be of benefit to both primary and secondary prevention from coronary artery disease in Curaco.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Dietary Fats/blood , Cholesterol Esters/blood , Coronary Disease/etiology , Primary Prevention , Dietary Fats, Unsaturated , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated , Risk Factors , Coronary Disease/prevention & control , Coronary Disease/blood , Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedABSTRACT
We studied lipids, apolipoprotein-E genotypes (apoe) and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors of 67 CAD patients (male/female ratio 6) in Curacao. Compared with 57 controls, male CAD patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, apo-apo-B, apo-B/apo-Al, and decreased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/cholesterol. Other CAD risk factors were increased fasting glucose, HbA1c and prevalences of renal disease, diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II), positive CAD family history and cigarette smoking. Male CAD patients had higher plasma O-tocopherol eq but normal plasma O-tocopherol eq/ total lipid and á-carotene/total lipid; 38.5 percent of male CAD patients and 37.8 percent of male controls had Lp(a) above 300 mg/l. Compared with 29 female controls, female CAD patients had higher fasting plasma glucose, HbA 1c and prevalences of renal disease and DM-II. Predicting factors for CAD development in the whole CAD group were DM-II, cigarette smoking, apo-i3/i4 and apoi4. Apo-i was associated with lower DLH-and higher LDL-cholesterol. We conclude that classical atherogenic lipid profiles are associated with CAD in Curacao. It is questionable whether Lp(a) contributes to CAD in a predominantly negroid population. DM-II may considerably contribute to CAD development, notably in women. Apoi4, possibly because of induction of atherogenic lipid profile, is likely to be a risk factor (AU)
