ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In this study, we leverage proteomic techniques to identify communities of proteins underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk among clinically unimpaired (CU) older adults. METHODS: We constructed a protein co-expression network using 3869 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins quantified by SomaLogic, Inc., in a cohort of participants along the AD clinical spectrum. We then replicated this network in an independent cohort of CU older adults and related these modules to clinically-relevant outcomes. RESULTS: We discovered modules enriched for phosphorylation and ubiquitination that were associated with abnormal amyloid status, as well as p-tau181 (M4: ß = 2.44, p < 0.001, M7: ß = 2.57, p < 0.001) and executive function performance (M4: ß = -2.00, p = 0.005, M7: ß = -2.39, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: In leveraging CSF proteomic data from individuals spanning the clinical spectrum of AD, we highlight the importance of post-translational modifications for early cognitive and pathological changes.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction , Humans , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , tau Proteins/genetics , tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid , Proteomics , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Cognition , Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid , Cognitive Dysfunction/cerebrospinal fluidABSTRACT
Estudiosos del tema plantean la imposibilidad de definir a la juventud de manera homogénea. Ante su diversidad, este artículo se centra analizar las dinámicas políticas, sociales, culturales y económicas de las juventudes rurales en América Latina en el período 2000-2021. Para ello, se desarrolló una revisión documental en la base de datos Scielo a través de las investigaciones que abordan a esta población en el siglo XXI. Los resultados exponen cuatro principales ejes de análisis: identidades y representaciones; la preocupación por el envejecimiento del campo; el territorio y las estrategias de vida; y por último las violencias. Se concluye que analizar las juventudes rurales pasa por reflexionar sobre su invisibilidad en los estudios, a la vez que evidencia las grandes problemáticas/ potencialidades que involucran a las juventudes en América Latina.
Scholars argue that it is impossible to define youth in a homogeneous way. Given their diversity, this article focuses on analyzing the political, social, cultural, and economic dynamics of rural youth in Latin America in the 2000-2021 period. To this end, a documentary review was carried out in the Scielo database of research on this population in the 21st century. The results show four main axes of analysis: identities and representations; concern for the aging of the countryside; territory and life strategies; and finally, violence. It is concluded that analyzing rural youth entails reflecting on their invisibility in studies, while at the same time, it highlights the major issues/potentialities that involve youth in Latin America.
ABSTRACT
Resumen (analítico) Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva sobre las formas en que se desarrolla el juvenicidio en México, considerando que puede presentarse como masacre o de manera sutil y rutinaria. El trabajo implicó el análisis de noticias de eluniversal. com.mx y lajornada.com.mx donde los jóvenes aparecen como actores centrales, publicadas del 1 de septiembre al 30 de noviembre de 2020. La teoría fundamentada y el análisis de contenidos permitieron observar que el juvenicidio se desarrolla mediante violencias y muerte cotidiana, genocidios de Estado y con la precarización de la vida de los jóvenes y su tránsito a zonas de riesgo. Asi-mismo, que el juvenicidio se articula con movimientos de resistencia y de lucha por la libertad y la vida de la juventud.
Abstract (analytical) The document present the results of qualitative and descriptive research on youthicide in Mexico, taking into account that this phenomenon can occur as a massacre or as a subtle and routine part of daily life. The involved an analysis of news reports in which young people appear as central actors that were published in eluniversal.com.mx and lajornada.com.mx between September 1 and November 30, 2020. The grounded theory techniques used by the author and content analysis led to the observations that youthicide involves violence, deaths as part of daily life, massacres committed by the State, precariousness in the lives of young people and their transit to highrisk areas. The author also observed that youthicide is related to movements of resistance that fight for freedom and to defend the lives of young people.
Resumo (analítico) O documento apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva sobre juvenicidio no México, considerando que pode ser apresentado como um massacre ou de forma sutil e rotineira. O trabalho foi realizado por meio da análise de notícias onde os jovens aparecem como atores centrais, publicadas em eluniversal.com.mx e lajornada.com.mx, de 1º de setembro a 30 de novembro de 2020. A Teoria fundamentada e a análise de conteúdos permitiram observar que o «juvenicidio¼ se desenvolve por meio de violência e morte cotidiana, genocídios estatais e com a precariedade da vida dos jovens e seu trânsito para áreas de risco. Da mesma forma, esse «juvenicidio¼ se articula com movimentos de resistência e luta pela liberdade e pela vida da juventude.
ABSTRACT
Two fundamental issues in memory research concern when later experiences strengthen or weaken initial memories and when the two memories become linked or remain independent. A promising candidate for explaining these issues is semantic relatedness. Here, across five paired-associate learning experiments (N=1000), we systematically varied the semantic relatedness between initial and later cues, initial and later targets, or both. We found that learning retroactively benefited long-term memory performance for semantically related words (vs. unshown control words), and these benefits increased as a function of relatedness. Critically, memory dependence between initial and later pairs also increased with relatedness, suggesting that pre-existing semantic relationships promote interdependence for memories formed across episodes. We also found that modest retroactive benefits, but not interdependencies, emerged when subjects learned via studying rather than practice testing. These findings demonstrate that semantic relatedness during new learning retroactively strengthens old associations while scaffolding new ones into well-fortified memory traces.