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1.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol ; 16(9): 877-883, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37477611

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Histamine type-2-receptor antagonist drugs (H2-antagonists) have been used as standard treatment to prevent hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) in paclitaxel-containing regimens, however, their use has been strongly questioned. Ranitidine has been the most widely used H2-antagonist. Therefore, especially after its withdrawal from the market, the objective of this study is to determine the impact of its elimination from premedication on HR incidence. METHODS: A cohort, multicenter, observational, prospective, and non-inferiority study, including paclitaxel-naïve cancer patients, designed to determine the incidence of HRs of any grade associated with paclitaxel administration and analyze non-inferiority against the incidence estimated in the literature (20%), with 5% as the maximum difference (Δ). Patients with a solid neoplasm of any type/stage, who initiated treatment with paclitaxel without H2-antagonists in the premedication regimen were enrolled. RESULTS: A total of 441 patients were included, of whom 50 presented 54 HRs of any grade. The cumulative incidence was 11.3% (95%CI 8.5-14.7), thus fulfilling the hypothesis of non-inferiority. Of the overall HRs detected, 15 were grade ≥ 3 with a cumulative incidence of 3.4% (95%CI 1.9-5.5). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the elimination of ranitidine from paclitaxel premedication schedules is non-inferior in the development of HRs of any grade compared to the administration of H2-antagonists.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Drug Hypersensitivity , Neoplasms , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Drug Hypersensitivity/prevention & control , Histamine H2 Antagonists/adverse effects , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/complications , Paclitaxel/adverse effects , Premedication , Prospective Studies , Ranitidine/adverse effects
2.
Farm Hosp ; 37(5): 412-8, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24128105

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Patients infected with HIV demographic have changed in recent years and sometimes, co-infections with hepatitis virus B and C are common. Due to their longer survival, these patients often present diseases or undergo surgical procedures that preclude the intake of drugs, requiring the use of the enteral administration. This practice, however, may fail due to the lack of adherence, unsuitable drug blood concentrations caused by malabsorption or interactions, and dosage errors. We aim to develop management guidelines for antiviral drugs enteral administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the technical specifications of drugs used in HIV, HBV or HCV. A search was conducted in Pubmed® database and Micromedex®, manufacturers were contacted for futher information and other related literature was reviewed. RESULTS: The results are shown in table 1. DISCUSSION: Although in pharmaceutical practice crushing tablets is common, sometimes suspension of crushed drugs in water is not completely appropriate for enteral administration, because this practice may alter the bioavailability of drugs, which may modify the therapeutic effect. There is currently not enough evidence that supports the practice of crushed and suspension of drugs exposed in this study. Therefore, the bioavailability of different formulations should be studied more carefully, especially of recent marketing drugs.


Introducción: Las características demográficas de los pacientes infectados por VIH han cambiado en los últimos años y las co-infecciones por virus de la hepatitis B y C son muy comunes en estos pacientes. Debido al aumento de supervivencia, a menudo estos pacientes presentan patologías o tienen que ser sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas que imposibilitan o dificultan la ingesta siendo necesaria la utilización de la vía enteral para la administración de fármacos. De entre los factores que influyen en el fracaso terapéutico destacan falta de adherencia, la falta de concentraciones adecuadas en sangre por malabsorción o interacciones y los errores de dosificación. Por ello se pretende elaborar una guía con recomendaciones de administración por vía enteral de los medicamentos antivirales. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos utilizados en VIH, VHB o VHC. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed® y Micromedex®, se contactó con los fabricantes y se revisó otra literatura al respecto. Resultados: Los resultados se detallan en la Tabla 1. Discusión: A veces, la mera suspensión del comprimido triturado en agua no basta y esta práctica hace que muchos fármacos vean alterada su biodisponibilidad con la consiguiente modificación del efecto terapéutico. Actualmente no existe suficiente evidencia que apoye las prácticas de triturado y suspensión de los fármacos expuestos en este estudio, y consideramos que deberían llevarse a cabo más estudios para determinar la biodisponibilidad de formulaciones diferentes a las convencionales, especialmente de los medicamentos de reciente comercialización.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Gastrostomy , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics , Biological Availability , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Dosage Forms , Drug Compounding/methods , HIV Infections/complications , Hepatitis B/complications , Hepatitis C/complications , Humans , Solubility
3.
Farm. hosp ; 37(5): 412-418, sept.-oct. 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-120998

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las características demográficas de los pacientes infectados por VIH han cambiado en los últimos años y las co-infecciones por virus de la hepatitis B y C son muy comunes en estos pacientes. Debido al aumento de supervivencia, a menudo estos pacientes presentan patologías o tienen que ser sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas que imposibilitan o dificultan la ingesta siendo necesaria la utilización de la vía enteral para la administración de fármacos. De entre los factores que influyen en el fracaso terapéutico destacan falta de adherencia, la falta de concentraciones adecuadas en sangre por malabsorción o interacciones y los errores de dosificación. Por ello se pretende elaborar una guía con recomendaciones de administración por vía enteral de los medicamentos antivirales. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos utilizados en VIH, VHB o VHC. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed® y Micromedex®, se contactó con los fabricantes y se revisó otra literatura al respecto. Resultados: Los resultados se detallan en la Tabla 1.Discusión: A veces, la mera suspensión del comprimido triturado en agua no basta y esta práctica hace que muchos fármacos vean alterada su biodisponibilidad con la consiguiente modificación del efecto terapéutico. Actualmente no existe suficiente evidencia que apoye las prácticas de triturado y suspensión de los fármacos expuestos en este estudio, y consideramos que deberían llevarse a cabo más estudios para determinar la biodisponibilidad de formulaciones diferentes a las convencionales, especialmente de los medicamentos de reciente comercialización (AU)


Introduction: Patients infected with HIV demographic have changed in recent years and sometimes, co-infections with hepatitis virus B and C are common. Due to their longer survival, these patients often present diseases or undergo surgical procedures that preclude the intake of drugs, requiring the use of the enteral administration. This practice, however, may fail due to the lack of adherence, unsuitable drug blood concentrations caused by malabsorption or interactions, and dosage errors. We aim to develop management guidelines for antiviral drugs enteral administration. Material and methods: We reviewed the technical specifications of drugs used in HIV, HBV or HCV. A search was conducted in Pubmed® database and Micromedex®, manufacturers were contacted for futher information and other related literature was reviewed. Results: The results are shown in table 1.Discussion: Although in pharmaceutical practice crushing tablets is common, sometimes suspension of crushed drugs in water is not completely appropriate for enteral administration, because this practice may alter the bioavailability of drugs, which may modify the therapeutic effect. There is currently not enough evidence that supports the practice of crushed and suspension of drugs exposed in this study. Therefore, the bioavailability of different formulations should be studied more carefully, especially of recent marketing drugs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Enteral Nutrition/methods , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Gastrostomy , Food, Formulated , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Deglutition Disorders/diet therapy
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