Effects of orthokeratology lens on axial length elongation in unilateral myopia and bilateral myopia with anisometropia children.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial length (AL) elongation in unilateral myopia and bilateral myopia with anisometropia children. METHODS: Twenty-seven unilateral myopia (group 1) and 25 bilateral myopia with anisometropia children (group 2) were involved in this 1-year retrospective study. The eyes with higher spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) were assigned to the H eyes subgroup and the fellow eyes with lower SER to the L eyes subgroup in the two groups. RESULTS: The mean change in AL of H eyes and L eyes were 0.11 ± 0.19 mm, 0.30 ± 0.28 mm in group 1 (P = 0.04) and 0.09± 0.14mm, 0.13± 0.16mm in group 2 (P = 0.36), respectively. Multivariate regression analyses showed that significant difference of change in AL was found between H eyes and L eyes in group1 (ß=0.25, P = 0.03), but no difference in group 2 (ß=0.09, P = 0.12). The AL of H eyes in group 1 and group 2, H eyes in group 1 and L eyes in group 2 had the same increased rate (ß= -0.04, P = 0.43; ß = 0.02, P = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Monocular OK lens is effective on suppression AL elongation of the myopic eyes and reduce anisometropia value in unilateral myopic children. The OK lens can control the AL elongation in both eyes at the same rate, but it cannot reduce anisometropia value in bilateral myopia with anisometropia children after 1-year follow-up.

Comparison of botulinum toxin with surgery for the treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia and its clinical characteristics.

We compared the therapeutic effects between botulinum toxin and surgery for acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and analyze its clinical characteristics. The data of the 29 cases, who received treatment for AACE in the Ophthalmic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial Ophthalmology Hospital between January 2016 and January 2017, were collected. The 29 cases with AACE were followed for 6 months or more, and received either botulinum toxin injection (group A with 13 cases) or squint correction (group B with 16 cases). The distant and near deviation angles were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The success rate (total horizontal deviation of 10 prism diopters or less) and stereopsis were compared between the two groups at post-treatment 6 months. At the same time, the relations between distant and near deviation angles were analyzed among different myopia levels and different AACE types. Results indicated that he success rate was not significantly different at post-treatment 6 months (84.6% vs 81.3%, P = 1.00). The distant and near deviation angles were all significantly different one day and one month after treatment (all P < 0.05); but at post-treatment 6 months, they were not significantly different (all P > 0.05) between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the distant and near stereoacuity between the two groups at post-treatment 6 months (all P > 0.05). Among the 25 cases with myopia, the pre-treatment distant deviation angle was significantly higher than pre-treatment near deviation angle in the cases with myopia level >-2.5 D (P < 0.05), and the pre-treatment distant and near deviation angles were all significantly higher in the cases with type-IIAACE than in the cases with type-IIIAACE (all P < 0.05). This study suggests that Botulinum toxin is as effective as surgery in the treatment of AACE at post-treatment 6 months. For the cases with myopia level >-2.5 D, the pre-treatment distant deviation angle is significantly higher than pre-treatment near deviation angle; and both pre-treatment distant and near deviation angles are greater in the cases with type-IIAACE than in the cases with type-IIIAACE.

Protein kinase B (akt) promotes pathological angiogenesis in murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Akt, or protein kinase B, is an important signaling molecule that modulates many cellular processes such as cell growth, survival, and metabolism. However, the vivo roles and effectors of Akt in retinal angiogenesis are not explicitly clear. We therefore detected the expression of Akt using Western blotting or RT-PCR technologies in an animal model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, and investigated the effects of recombinant Akt on inhibiting vessels loss and Akt inhibitor on suppressing experimental retinal neovascularization in this model. We showed that in the hyperoxic phase of oxygen-induced retinopathy, the expression of Akt was greatly suppressed. In the hypoxic phase, the expression of Akt was increased dramatically. No significant differences were found in normoxic groups. Compared with control groups, administration of the recombinant Akt in the first phase of retinopathy markedly reduced capillary-free areas, while the administration of the Akt inhibitor in the second phase of retinopathy significantly decreased retinal neovascularization but capillary-free areas. These results indicate that Akt play a critical role in the pathological process (vessels loss and neovascularization) of mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, which may provide a valubale therapeutic tool for ischemic-induced retinal diseases.