ABSTRACT
Foram estudadas as adrenais de 300 cães submetidos à necropsia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no período de março de 2012 a junho de 2013. Os tecidos coletados foram fixados em formol 10% e encaminhados ao processamento histológico de rotina para confecção e análise de lâminas histológicas. Posteriormente, foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia e dados epidemiológicos referentes aos cães que tiveram as adrenais coletadas foram anotados. Dos 300 cães analisados, 82% tinham uma ou mais alterações nas adrenais, que foram classificadas de acordo com a patogênese e a prevalência. Lesões hiperplásicas foram as mais prevalentes, com 91,5% das ocorrências, seguido de lesões degenerativas (26,%), circulatórias (20,3%), neoplásicas (15%), inflamatórias (4,1%) e outras lesões (14,2%). Macroscopicamente, as hiperplasias caracterizavam-se por variável quantidade de nódulos brancacentos, de até 1,5cm de diâmetro. Em 72,9% dos casos de hiperplasia, os nódulos eram constituídos de células da camada glomerulosa. A maioria dos animais que apresentou lesões hiperplásicas era constituída de fêmeas (60,4%), idosos (46,9%) e cães com raça definida (55,6%). A degeneração gordurosa foi a lesão degenerativa mais prevalente (54,7%) e era caracterizada por células da zona fasciculada e da zona reticular com grandes vacúolos citoplasmáticos. Entre as alterações neoplásicas, tumores primários foram mais prevalentes (75,7%), com predomínio de adenomas (57,1%), seguido de feocromocitomas (25%) e carcinomas corticais (17,9%). Os tumores metastáticos perfizeram 24,3% dos casos de alterações neoplásicas. As adrenais foram sítio de metástase de carcinoma mamário, osteossarcoma, melanoma, linfoma, colangiocarcinoma, sarcoma histiocítico e adenocarcinoma pulmonar. No item "outras lesões", adrenal de estresse foi a alteração mais prevalente (37,1%). Essa alteração era caracterizada histologicamente por córtex de aspecto variegado, com áreas...(AU)
The adrenal glands of 300 dogs, underwent to necropsy in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM), were studied from March 2012 to June 2013. The collected tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sent to the routine histological processing in order to preparation and analysis of histological slides. Subsequently, it was reviewed the necropsy reports and the epidemiological data of the dogs which had the adrenal glands collected. Out of the 300 dogs examined, 82% had one or more adrenal lesions that were classified according to the pathogenesis and prevalence. The hyperplastic lesions were the most prevalent, comprising 91.5% of the cases, followed by degenerative (26%), circulatory (20.3%), neoplastic (15%), inflammatory (4.1%) and other lesions (14.2%). Grossly, hyperplasia was characterized by a variable amount of whitish nodules, ranging from 0.2-1.5 cm of diameter. In 72.9% of the hyperplasia cases, the nodules were composed by cells of the glomerulosa zone. Most of the animals that showed hyperplastic lesions consisted of females (60.4%), elderly (46.9%) and purebred dogs (55.6%). Fatty degeneration was the most prevalent degenerative lesions (54.7%), characterized by cells of the fasciculata and reticularis zones with large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Among the neoplastic changes, primary tumors were the most prevalent (75.7%), with predominance of adenomas (57.1%), followed by pheochromocytomas (25%) and cortical carcinomas (17.9%). Metastatic tumors corresponded to 24.3% of all cases of neoplastic changes. The adrenal glands were the site of metastasis of mammary gland carcinoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, cholangiocarcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Under "other lesions", adrenal of stress was the most prevalent change (37.1%). It was characterized histologically by a cortex with irregular appearance, with areas of mild cell vacuolation in the fasciculata zone...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adrenal Glands/injuries , Endocrine System/pathology , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/veterinary , Epidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Foram estudadas as adrenais de 300 cães submetidos à necropsia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no período de março de 2012 a junho de 2013. Os tecidos coletados foram fixados em formol 10% e encaminhados ao processamento histológico de rotina para confecção e análise de lâminas histológicas. Posteriormente, foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia e dados epidemiológicos referentes aos cães que tiveram as adrenais coletadas foram anotados. Dos 300 cães analisados, 82% tinham uma ou mais alterações nas adrenais, que foram classificadas de acordo com a patogênese e a prevalência. Lesões hiperplásicas foram as mais prevalentes, com 91,5% das ocorrências, seguido de lesões degenerativas (26,%), circulatórias (20,3%), neoplásicas (15%), inflamatórias (4,1%) e outras lesões (14,2%). Macroscopicamente, as hiperplasias caracterizavam-se por variável quantidade de nódulos brancacentos, de até 1,5cm de diâmetro. Em 72,9% dos casos de hiperplasia, os nódulos eram constituídos de células da camada glomerulosa. A maioria dos animais que apresentou lesões hiperplásicas era constituída de fêmeas (60,4%), idosos (46,9%) e cães com raça definida (55,6%). A degeneração gordurosa foi a lesão degenerativa mais prevalente (54,7%) e era caracterizada por células da zona fasciculada e da zona reticular com grandes vacúolos citoplasmáticos. Entre as alterações neoplásicas, tumores primários foram mais prevalentes (75,7%), com predomínio de adenomas (57,1%), seguido de feocromocitomas (25%) e carcinomas corticais (17,9%). Os tumores metastáticos perfizeram 24,3% dos casos de alterações neoplásicas. As adrenais foram sítio de metástase de carcinoma mamário, osteossarcoma, melanoma, linfoma, colangiocarcinoma, sarcoma histiocítico e adenocarcinoma pulmonar. No item "outras lesões", adrenal de estresse foi a alteração mais prevalente (37,1%). Essa alteração era caracterizada histologicamente por córtex de aspecto variegado, com áreas de fina vacuolização citoplasmática das células da camada fasciculada, intercaladas por grupos de células hipereosinofílicas. Este estudo possibilitou concluir que lesões nas adrenais de cães são extremamente frequentes, de modo que a avaliação cuidadosa desse órgão se faz necessária na rotina de diagnóstico em patologia.(AU)
The adrenal glands of 300 dogs, underwent to necropsy in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM), were studied from March 2012 to June 2013. The collected tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sent to the routine histological processing in order to preparation and analysis of histological slides. Subsequently, it was reviewed the necropsy reports and the epidemiological data of the dogs which had the adrenal glands collected. Out of the 300 dogs examined, 82% had one or more adrenal lesions that were classified according to the pathogenesis and prevalence. The hyperplastic lesions were the most prevalent, comprising 91.5% of the cases, followed by degenerative (26%), circulatory (20.3%), neoplastic (15%), inflammatory (4.1%) and other lesions (14.2%). Grossly, hyperplasia was characterized by a variable amount of whitish nodules, ranging from 0.2-1.5 cm of diameter. In 72.9% of the hyperplasia cases, the nodules were composed by cells of the glomerulosa zone. Most of the animals that showed hyperplastic lesions consisted of females (60.4%), elderly (46.9%) and purebred dogs (55.6%). Fatty degeneration was the most prevalent degenerative lesions (54.7%), characterized by cells of the fasciculata and reticularis zones with large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Among the neoplastic changes, primary tumors were the most prevalent (75.7%), with predominance of adenomas (57.1%), followed by pheochromocytomas (25%) and cortical carcinomas (17.9%). Metastatic tumors corresponded to 24.3% of all cases of neoplastic changes. The adrenal glands were the site of metastasis of mammary gland carcinoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, cholangiocarcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Under "other lesions", adrenal of stress was the most prevalent change (37.1%). It was characterized histologically by a cortex with irregular appearance, with areas of mild cell vacuolation in the fasciculata zone, interspersed with hypereosinophilic cell groups. This study allowed the conclusion that the lesions in adrenal glands of dogs are extremely common, highlighting the importance of a careful evaluation of this organ in the routine of pathological diagnostic.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adrenal Glands/injuries , Endocrine System/pathology , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/veterinary , Epidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The adrenal glands of 300 dogs, underwent to necropsy in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV/UFSM), were studied from March 2012 to June 2013. The collected tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sent to the routine histological processing in order to preparation and analysis of histological slides. Subsequently, it was reviewed the necropsy reports and the epidemiological data of the dogs which had the adrenal glands collected. Out of the 300 dogs examined, 82% had one or more adrenal lesions that were classified according to the pathogenesis and prevalence. The hyperplastic lesions were the most prevalent, comprising 91.5% of the cases, followed by degenerative (26%), circulatory (20.3%), neoplastic (15%), inflammatory (4.1%) and other lesions (14.2%). Grossly, hyperplasia was characterized by a variable amount of whitish nodules, ranging from 0.2-1.5 cm of diameter. In 72.9% of the hyperplasia cases, the nodules were composed by cells of the glomerulosa zone. Most of the animals that showed hyperplastic lesions consisted of females (60.4%), elderly (46.9%) and purebred dogs (55.6%). Fatty degeneration was the most prevalent degenerative lesions (54.7%), characterized by cells of the fasciculata and reticularis zones with large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Among the neoplastic changes, primary tumors were the most prevalent (75.7%), with predominance of adenomas (57.1%), followed by pheochromocytomas (25%) and cortical carcinomas (17.9%). Metastatic tumors corresponded to 24.3% of all cases of neoplastic changes. The adrenal glands were the site of metastasis of mammary gland carcinoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, cholangiocarcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Under other lesions, adrenal of stress was the most prevalent change (37.1%). It was characterized histologically by a cortex with irregular appearance, with areas of mild cell vacuolation in the fasciculata zone, interspersed with hypereosinophilic cell groups. This study allowed the conclusion that the lesions in adrenal glands of dogs are extremely common, highlighting the importance of a careful evaluation of this organ in the routine of pathological diagnostic.
RESUMO: Foram estudadas as adrenais de 300 cães submetidos à necropsia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no período de março de 2012 a junho de 2013. Os tecidos coletados foram fixados em formol 10% e encaminhados ao processamento histológico de rotina para confecção e análise de lâminas histológicas. Posteriormente, foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia e dados epidemiológicos referentes aos cães que tiveram as adrenais coletadas foram anotados. Dos 300 cães analisados, 82% tinham uma ou mais alterações nas adrenais, que foram classificadas de acordo com a patogênese e a prevalência. Lesões hiperplásicas foram as mais prevalentes, com 91,5% das ocorrências, seguido de lesões degenerativas (26,%), circulatórias (20,3%), neoplásicas (15%), inflamatórias (4,1%) e outras lesões (14,2%). Macroscopicamente, as hiperplasias caracterizavam-se por variável quantidade de nódulos brancacentos, de até 1,5cm de diâmetro. Em 72,9% dos casos de hiperplasia, os nódulos eram constituídos de células da camada glomerulosa. A maioria dos animais que apresentou lesões hiperplásicas era constituída de fêmeas (60,4%), idosos (46,9%) e cães com raça definida (55,6%). A degeneração gordurosa foi a lesão degenerativa mais prevalente (54,7%) e era caracterizada por células da zona fasciculada e da zona reticular com grandes vacúolos citoplasmáticos. Entre as alterações neoplásicas, tumores primários foram mais prevalentes (75,7%), com predomínio de adenomas (57,1%), seguido de feocromocitomas (25%) e carcinomas corticais (17,9%). Os tumores metastáticos perfizeram 24,3% dos casos de alterações neoplásicas. As adrenais foram sítio de metástase de carcinoma mamário, osteossarcoma, melanoma, linfoma, colangiocarcinoma, sarcoma histiocítico e adenocarcinoma pulmonar. No item outras lesões, adrenal de estresse foi a alteração mais prevalente (37,1%). Essa alteração era caracterizada histologicamente por córtex de aspecto variegado, com áreas de fina vacuolização citoplasmática das células da camada fasciculada, intercaladas por grupos de células hipereosinofílicas. Este estudo possibilitou concluir que lesões nas adrenais de cães são extremamente frequentes, de modo que a avaliação cuidadosa desse órgão se faz necessária na rotina de diagnóstico em patologia.
ABSTRACT
A case of hepatogenous chronic copper toxicosis associated with ingestion of Brachiaria decumbens in a 4-year-old female is reported in a goat from a herd of approximately 1,000 goats of different categories, all grazing in a pasture consisting exclusively of B. decumbens. The goat had chronic weight loss, dehydration, and apathy. Just prior to death it developed anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria. Necropsy findings included marked icterus, enhanced lobular pattern and orange discoloration of the liver, pulmonary edema, distention of the gall bladder and hemoblobinuric nephrosis. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed marked random degeneration and necrosis of individual hepatocytes, marked bilestasis, intracytoplasmic hemosiderin in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, birefringent crystals with bile staining in the lumen of bile ducts, and sparse, randomly distributed foamy macrophages. Severe multifocal tubular degeneration and necrosis associated with multiple hyaline and coarsely granular hemoglobin casts were observed in the kidneys. Copper levels determined in liver and kidney samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry were 410 ppm of liver dry matter and 34.4 ppm (kidney, dry matter). The gross, histopathological findings and copper analysis in the tissues of this goat led to a final diagnosis of hepatogenous chronic copper toxicosis associated with grazing of B. decumbens.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Brachiaria/toxicity , Goats , Copper/toxicity , Liver Diseases/veterinary , Plants, Toxic , Goat DiseasesABSTRACT
A case of granulomatous leptomeningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is described in a 2-year-old mixed-breed, female goat which presented acute neurological signs including ataxia, nystagmus, bilateral blindness, opisthotonus, hyperesthesia, and spastic paresis of forelimbs. Granulomatous inflammation was detected in the pia arachnoid covering the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes of the telencephalon; cerebellum, thalamus, mesencephalon, pons, medulla, and cervical and thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord. Yeast-like organisms with morphology compatible with Cryptococcus spp. were observed. A 350 base pair sequence was amplified from DNA extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue. The amplified sequence matched 100% Cryptococcus neoformans. It is suggested that cryptococcal meningitis should be included in the differential diagnosis list of goat diseases with neurological signs such as ataxia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, hyperesthesia and spastic paresis.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Goats , Cryptococcus neoformans , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/veterinary , Goat Diseases , Central Nervous System Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
A case of granulomatous leptomeningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is described in a 2-year-old mixed-breed, female goat which presented acute neurological signs including ataxia, nystagmus, bilateral blindness, opisthotonus, hyperesthesia, and spastic paresis of forelimbs. Granulomatous inflammation was detected in the pia arachnoid covering the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes of the telencephalon; cerebellum, thalamus, mesencephalon, pons, medulla, and cervical and thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord. Yeast-like organisms with morphology compatible with Cryptococcus spp. were observed. A 350 base pair sequence was amplified from DNA extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue. The amplified sequence matched 100% Cryptococcus neoformans. It is suggested that cryptococcal meningitis should be included in the differential diagnosis list of goat diseases with neurological signs such as ataxia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, hyperesthesia and spastic paresis.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Goats , Cryptococcus neoformans , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/veterinary , Central Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Goat DiseasesABSTRACT
A case of hepatogenous chronic copper toxicosis associated with ingestion of Brachiaria decumbens in a 4-year-old female is reported in a goat from a herd of approximately 1,000 goats of different categories, all grazing in a pasture consisting exclusively of B. decumbens. The goat had chronic weight loss, dehydration, and apathy. Just prior to death it developed anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria. Necropsy findings included marked icterus, enhanced lobular pattern and orange discoloration of the liver, pulmonary edema, distention of the gall bladder and hemoblobinuric nephrosis. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed marked random degeneration and necrosis of individual hepatocytes, marked bilestasis, intracytoplasmic hemosiderin in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, birefringent crystals with bile staining in the lumen of bile ducts, and sparse, randomly distributed foamy macrophages. Severe multifocal tubular degeneration and necrosis associated with multiple hyaline and coarsely granular hemoglobin casts were observed in the kidneys. Copper levels determined in liver and kidney samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry were 410 ppm of liver dry matter and 34.4 ppm (kidney, dry matter). The gross, histopathological findings and copper analysis in the tissues of this goat led to a final diagnosis of hepatogenous chronic copper toxicosis associated with grazing of B. decumbens.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Goats , Brachiaria/toxicity , Copper/toxicity , Plants, Toxic , Liver Diseases/veterinary , Goat DiseasesABSTRACT
An outbreak of Brachiaria decumbens poisoning in goats in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is described. Out of a herd of about 1,000 goats, seven goats died after showing photosensitivity (3 out 7 goats) and icterus (4/7). Other clinical signs included lethargy, dehydration and weight loss (7/7). At necropsy there was either hepatomegaly or liver atrophy; orange, yellow or gray discoloration - were observed in the liver of six goats. Two had accentuation of lobular pattern and punctate, linear or stellar fibrous depressions were randomly distributedover the capsular surface. Macroscopic changesattributedto liver failure consisting of hydropericardium (2/7) and ascites (2/7) were observed. Histologically, there was accumulation of refringent crystals in the bile ducts and infiltration of foamy macrophages in the liver of all goats. Foamy macrophages were also present in the hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes of two goats. The diagnosis of B. decumbens poisoning was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, necropsy findings and histopathology.
Relata-se um surto de intoxicação por Brachiaria decumbens em caprinos no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. De um rebanho de aproximadamente 1.000 caprinos, sete cabras morreram após apresentar fotossensibilização (3 de 7 cabras) e icterícia (4/7). Outros sinais clínicos incluíam apatia, desidratação e emagrecimento (7/7). Todas as cabras tinham alteração no tamanho do fígado - cinco estavam aumentados de volume e dois, diminuídos; o fígado de 6 cabras tinha alteração na cor - dois eram alaranjados, dois amarelados e dois, acinzentados; o fígado de duas cabras tinha acentuação do padrão lobular e outros dois apresentavam depressões fibrosas puntiformes, lineares ou estreladas, brancacentas distribuídas aleatoriamente pela superfície capsular. Adicionalmente, foram observadas alterações macroscópicas atribuídas à insuficiência hepática como hidropericárdio (2/7) e ascite (2/7). Alterações histopatológicas incluíam cristais refringentes nos ductos biliares e infiltrado de macrófagos espumosos no parênquima hepático de todas as cabras. Macrófagos espumosos também foram observados nos linfonodos mesentéricos e hepáticos em duas cabras. O diagnóstico de intoxicação por braquiária foi baseado na epidemiologia, achados clínicos, de necropsia e histopatológicos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Brachiaria/toxicity , Plant Poisoning/diagnosis , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Ruminants , Saponins/analysis , Saponins/toxicity , Plants, Toxic/poisoning , Poaceae/toxicityABSTRACT
An outbreak of Brachiaria decumbens poisoning in goats in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is described. Out of a herd of about 1,000 goats, seven goats died after showing photosensitivity (3 out 7 goats) and icterus (4/7). Other clinical signs included lethargy, dehydration and weight loss (7/7). At necropsy there was either hepatomegaly or liver atrophy; orange, yellow or gray discoloration - were observed in the liver of six goats. Two had accentuation of lobular pattern and punctate, linear or stellar fibrous depressions were randomly distributedover the capsular surface. Macroscopic changesattributedto liver failure consisting of hydropericardium (2/7) and ascites (2/7) were observed. Histologically, there was accumulation of refringent crystals in the bile ducts and infiltration of foamy macrophages in the liver of all goats. Foamy macrophages were also present in the hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes of two goats. The diagnosis of B. decumbens poisoning was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, necropsy findings and histopathology.(AU)
Relata-se um surto de intoxicação por Brachiaria decumbens em caprinos no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. De um rebanho de aproximadamente 1.000 caprinos, sete cabras morreram após apresentar fotossensibilização (3 de 7 cabras) e icterícia (4/7). Outros sinais clínicos incluíam apatia, desidratação e emagrecimento (7/7). Todas as cabras tinham alteração no tamanho do fígado - cinco estavam aumentados de volume e dois, diminuídos; o fígado de 6 cabras tinha alteração na cor - dois eram alaranjados, dois amarelados e dois, acinzentados; o fígado de duas cabras tinha acentuação do padrão lobular e outros dois apresentavam depressões fibrosas puntiformes, lineares ou estreladas, brancacentas distribuídas aleatoriamente pela superfície capsular. Adicionalmente, foram observadas alterações macroscópicas atribuídas à insuficiência hepática como hidropericárdio (2/7) e ascite (2/7). Alterações histopatológicas incluíam cristais refringentes nos ductos biliares e infiltrado de macrófagos espumosos no parênquima hepático de todas as cabras. Macrófagos espumosos também foram observados nos linfonodos mesentéricos e hepáticos em duas cabras. O diagnóstico de intoxicação por braquiária foi baseado na epidemiologia, achados clínicos, de necropsia e histopatológicos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Brachiaria/toxicity , Plant Poisoning/diagnosis , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Saponins/analysis , Saponins/toxicity , Ruminants , Plants, Toxic/poisoning , Poaceae/toxicityABSTRACT
Renal encephalopathy was diagnosed in a 7-month-old male goat with a history of diarrhea and dehydration due to Eimeria sp. infection. The goat was treated with sulfadiazine before developing central nervous system (CNS) signs characterized by severe anorexia, salivation, tremors, inability to stand and depression. Biochemical parameters revealed high levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, 263.6 mg/dL and 2.9 mg/dL respectively. No gross pathological changes were observed at necropsy. Histopathological examination of the brain revealed large irregular empty spaces (status spongiosus) in the white matter of the brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, basal nuclei and in the interface of white and grey matter in the cerebrum. There was severe multifocal renal tubular necrosis characterized by abundant deposits of basophilic granular material, frequently forming crystals that replaced the lost tubular epithelial cells and filled the lumina. The clinical-pathologic findings support to a diagnosis of encephalopathy due to acute renal failure.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Goats , Brain Diseases/veterinary , Renal Insufficiency/veterinary , Necrosis/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques, Urological/veterinaryABSTRACT
Renal encephalopathy was diagnosed in a 7-month-old male goat with a history of diarrhea and dehydration due to Eimeria sp. infection. The goat was treated with sulfadiazine before developing central nervous system (CNS) signs characterized by severe anorexia, salivation, tremors, inability to stand and depression. Biochemical parameters revealed high levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, 263.6 mg/dL and 2.9 mg/dL respectively. No gross pathological changes were observed at necropsy. Histopathological examination of the brain revealed large irregular empty spaces (status spongiosus) in the white matter of the brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, basal nuclei and in the interface of white and grey matter in the cerebrum. There was severe multifocal renal tubular necrosis characterized by abundant deposits of basophilic granular material, frequently forming crystals that replaced the lost tubular epithelial cells and filled the lumina. The clinical-pathologic findings support to a diagnosis of encephalopathy due to acute renal failure.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Renal Insufficiency/veterinary , Brain Diseases/veterinary , Goats , Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques, Urological/veterinary , Necrosis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Visando a otimização do uso da técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) na detecção de Aspergillus spp. e zigomicetos (membros da família Mucoraceae), utilizaram-se dois anticorpos monoclonais fungo-específicos em fragmentos de tecidos de animais (fixados em formol e embebidos em parafina) com diagnóstico histomorfológico prévio de aspergilose e zigomicose, os quais foram submetidos a três sistemas de detecção diferentes (dois biotinilados e um não biotinilado). Os dois anticorpos apresentaram alta especificidade e sensibilidade nos tecidos examinados. Não ocorreram reações cruzadas entre os anticorpos utilizados e os agentes etiológicos avaliados (incluindo casos de aspergilose, zigomicose, candidíase e pitiose). No entanto, reações inespecíficas foram observadas nas hifas em alguns casos, as quais puderam ser eliminadas através de um dos métodos de detecção utilizados. Para a aspergilose, o método da estreptavidina-biotina-fosfatase alcalina não apresentou reações inespecíficas nas hifas. Enquanto que nos casos de zigomicoses, as reações inespecíficas não ocorreram no método por polímero (não biotinilado). A técnica de IHQ mostrou-se uma ferramenta muito útil na detecção e confirmação dos casos de aspergilose e zigomicose neste estudo retrospectivo.
Aiming to optimize the usage of the immunohistochemical technique (IHC) in the detection of Aspergillus spp. and zygomycetes (members of the Mucoraceae family), two fungal-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in tissue fragments (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded), previously diagnosed by histomorphology as aspergillosis and zygomycosis. Tissues were submitted to three different detection systems (two biotinilated and one non biotinilated). Both antibodies showed high specificity and sensitivity in the examined tissues. No cross-reactions were observed between the antibodies used and the agents evaluated (including cases of aspergillosis, zygomycosis, candidiasis and pythiosis). However, nonspecific reactions in hyphae were observed in some cases, but were eliminated by mean of one of the detection systems used. In the aspergillosis cases, with the streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase method, nonspecific reactions were not observed. In the zygomycosis cases, nonspecific reactions did not occur using a polymer (nonbiotinilated). The IHC technique showed to be a useful tool detecting and confirming aspergillosis and zygomycosis in this retrospective study.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Aspergillosis/veterinary , Cross Reactions , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Rhizopus/isolation & purification , Zygomycosis/veterinary , Birds/microbiology , Cattle/microbiology , Dogs/microbiology , Sheep/microbiologyABSTRACT
Visando a otimização do uso da técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) na detecção de Aspergillus spp. e zigomicetos (membros da família Mucoraceae), utilizaram-se dois anticorpos monoclonais fungo-específicos em fragmentos de tecidos de animais (fixados em formol e embebidos em parafina) com diagnóstico histomorfológico prévio de aspergilose e zigomicose, os quais foram submetidos a três sistemas de detecção diferentes (dois biotinilados e um não biotinilado). Os dois anticorpos apresentaram alta especificidade e sensibilidade nos tecidos examinados. Não ocorreram reações cruzadas entre os anticorpos utilizados e os agentes etiológicos avaliados (incluindo casos de aspergilose, zigomicose, candidíase e pitiose). No entanto, reações inespecíficas foram observadas nas hifas em alguns casos, as quais puderam ser eliminadas através de um dos métodos de detecção utilizados. Para a aspergilose, o método da estreptavidina-biotina-fosfatase alcalina não apresentou reações inespecíficas nas hifas. Enquanto que nos casos de zigomicoses, as reações inespecíficas não ocorreram no método por polímero (não biotinilado). A técnica de IHQ mostrou-se uma ferramenta muito útil na detecção e confirmação dos casos de aspergilose e zigomicose neste estudo retrospectivo.(AU)
Aiming to optimize the usage of the immunohistochemical technique (IHC) in the detection of Aspergillus spp. and zygomycetes (members of the Mucoraceae family), two fungal-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in tissue fragments (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded), previously diagnosed by histomorphology as aspergillosis and zygomycosis. Tissues were submitted to three different detection systems (two biotinilated and one non biotinilated). Both antibodies showed high specificity and sensitivity in the examined tissues. No cross-reactions were observed between the antibodies used and the agents evaluated (including cases of aspergillosis, zygomycosis, candidiasis and pythiosis). However, nonspecific reactions in hyphae were observed in some cases, but were eliminated by mean of one of the detection systems used. In the aspergillosis cases, with the streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase method, nonspecific reactions were not observed. In the zygomycosis cases, nonspecific reactions did not occur using a polymer (nonbiotinilated). The IHC technique showed to be a useful tool detecting and confirming aspergillosis and zygomycosis in this retrospective study.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Rhizopus/isolation & purification , Antibodies , Aspergillosis/veterinary , Zygomycosis/veterinary , Cross Reactions , Birds/microbiology , Cattle/microbiology , Dogs/microbiology , Sheep/microbiologyABSTRACT
Seven cases of cryptococosis (six cats and one dog) were studied to establish the determining histomorphological and histochemical characteristics in the histopathological diagnosis of this condition. Additional data related to the epidemiology, clinical aspects, sites of the lesions, and gross findings were obtained from the necropsy and biopsy protocols. Histologically, yeasts were observed inside macrophages or free in the parenchyma, associated with scarse to severe lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. In the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections, the yeasts were round, with a central cell containing a nucleus, surrounded by a clear halo (usually non-stained capsule). The techniques of periodic Schiff acid (PAS), Groccot (GMS), and Fontana-Masson (FM) were utilized and demonstrated the wall of the yeast cells. The FM stain showed the melanin present in these cells. The Alcian blue and Mayer's mucicarmin stains showed mainly the yeast polysaccharide capsule. The diameter of the cells ranged from 1.67 to 10.00µm and the full diameter of the encapsulated yeasts varied between 4.17 e 34.16µm. Yeast buddings were better observed through the PAS stain and were narrow based, simple or multiple, mainly in the opposite poles of the cells or forming chains. The definitive diagnosis of cryptococosis was established through the histopathological exam, based on the specific morphology of the agent (encapsulated yeast) and on histochemical proprieties, mostly in the cases without fungal culture.
Sete casos de criptococose (seis gatos e um cão) foram estudados para estabelecer as características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico histopatológico dessa condição. Os dados complementares relacionados à epidemiologia, aos aspectos clínicos, à localização das lesões e às alterações macroscópicas foram obtidos dos protocolos de necropsias e biópsias. Na histologia, as leveduras foram observadas no interior de macrófagos ou livres no parênquima, associadas à reação inflamatória linfo-histioplasmocítica que variou de escassa a acentuada. Pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) as leveduras eram arredondadas, com célula central contendo um núcleo, circundada por um halo claro (cápsula geralmente não corada). As técnicas histoquímicas do ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), Grocott e Fontana-Masson (FM) foram utilizadas e evidenciaram a parede das células das leveduras. Pelo FM observou-se a melanina presente nessas células. As técnicas do azul Alciano e da mucicarmina de Mayer evidenciaram principalmente a cápsula polissacarídica das leveduras. O diâmetro das células das leveduras variou de 1,67 a 10,00µm e o diâmetro total das leveduras encapsuladas variou entre 4,17 e 34,16µm. Os brotamentos foram melhor visualizados através do PAS e ocorreram em base estreita, de forma única ou múltipla, principalmente em polos opostos das células das leveduras ou formando uma cadeia. O diagnóstico definitivo de criptococose foi estabelecido através do exame histopatológico, baseando-se na morfologia característica do agente (levedura encapsulada) e em suas propriedades tintoriais (histoquímicas), principalmente nos casos em que a cultura micológica não foi realizada.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Dogs/microbiology , Cryptococcosis/veterinary , Cryptococcus/isolation & purification , Cats/microbiology , Mycoses , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcus/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Seven cases of cryptococosis (six cats and one dog) were studied to establish the determining histomorphological and histochemical characteristics in the histopathological diagnosis of this condition. Additional data related to the epidemiology, clinical aspects, sites of the lesions, and gross findings were obtained from the necropsy and biopsy protocols. Histologically, yeasts were observed inside macrophages or free in the parenchyma, associated with scarse to severe lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. In the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections, the yeasts were round, with a central cell containing a nucleus, surrounded by a clear halo (usually non-stained capsule). The techniques of periodic Schiff acid (PAS), Groccot (GMS), and Fontana-Masson (FM) were utilized and demonstrated the wall of the yeast cells. The FM stain showed the melanin present in these cells. The Alcian blue and Mayer's mucicarmin stains showed mainly the yeast polysaccharide capsule. The diameter of the cells ranged from 1.67 to 10.00µm and the full diameter of the encapsulated yeasts varied between 4.17 e 34.16µm. Yeast buddings were better observed through the PAS stain and were narrow based, simple or multiple, mainly in the opposite poles of the cells or forming chains. The definitive diagnosis of cryptococosis was established through the histopathological exam, based on the specific morphology of the agent (encapsulated yeast) and on histochemical proprieties, mostly in the cases without fungal culture.(AU)
Sete casos de criptococose (seis gatos e um cão) foram estudados para estabelecer as características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico histopatológico dessa condição. Os dados complementares relacionados à epidemiologia, aos aspectos clínicos, à localização das lesões e às alterações macroscópicas foram obtidos dos protocolos de necropsias e biópsias. Na histologia, as leveduras foram observadas no interior de macrófagos ou livres no parênquima, associadas à reação inflamatória linfo-histioplasmocítica que variou de escassa a acentuada. Pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) as leveduras eram arredondadas, com célula central contendo um núcleo, circundada por um halo claro (cápsula geralmente não corada). As técnicas histoquímicas do ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), Grocott e Fontana-Masson (FM) foram utilizadas e evidenciaram a parede das células das leveduras. Pelo FM observou-se a melanina presente nessas células. As técnicas do azul Alciano e da mucicarmina de Mayer evidenciaram principalmente a cápsula polissacarídica das leveduras. O diâmetro das células das leveduras variou de 1,67 a 10,00µm e o diâmetro total das leveduras encapsuladas variou entre 4,17 e 34,16µm. Os brotamentos foram melhor visualizados através do PAS e ocorreram em base estreita, de forma única ou múltipla, principalmente em polos opostos das células das leveduras ou formando uma cadeia. O diagnóstico definitivo de criptococose foi estabelecido através do exame histopatológico, baseando-se na morfologia característica do agente (levedura encapsulada) e em suas propriedades tintoriais (histoquímicas), principalmente nos casos em que a cultura micológica não foi realizada.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Dogs/microbiology , Cats/microbiology , Cryptococcosis/veterinary , Mycoses/veterinary , Cryptococcus/isolation & purification , Cryptococcus/pathogenicity , Cryptococcosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Foi realizado um estudo de casos de osteoporose em caprinos provenientes de uma propriedade na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM, determinando a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico-patológico e discutindo os prováveis mecanismos patogenéticos. Cinco cabras, fêmeas, SRD, de seis meses a seis anos de idade foram afetadas. As cabras eram mantidas em campo nativo, sem suplementação com ração e sob superlotação. Os principais sinais clínicos foram emagrecimento, dificuldade de locomoção e permanência em decúbito por longos períodos. As principais alterações macroscópicas nos ossos examinados foram vistas nas superfícies de corte e caracterizavam-se por depleção do osso esponjoso (porosidade) e redução acentuada da espessura do osso cortical. Havia também marcada atrofia serosa da gordura da medula óssea. Microscopicamente, nas regiões avaliadas (úmero proximal, rádio distal, fêmur distal, tíbia proximal e corpos das vértebras lombares) foi observada redução moderada a acentuada do número e da espessura das trabéculas ósseas nas epífises e metáfises dos ossos longos e nos corpos vertebrais. Os achados clínico-patológicos indicaram que a osteoporose observada provavelmente foi causada pela desnutrição. As alterações ósseas (diminuição no número e na espessura das trabéculas do osso esponjoso) sugerem que ambos os mecanismos, má formação óssea e reabsorção óssea aumentada, contribuíram para a ocorrência de osteoporose nos caprinos deste estudo.
A study of cases of osteoporosis in goats diagnosed in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, was performed. The epidemiology, clinicopathological changes and possible pathogenetic mechanisms were determined and discussed. Five goats, females, mixed breed, with six months to six years of age were affected. The goats were kept on natural pasture without supplemental feed and under overcrowding condition. The main clinical signs were weight loss, limited mobility, and recumbence for long periods. The main gross bone changes, observed on the cutting surface, were depletion of cancellous bone (porosity) and marked reduction in the thickness of the cortical bone. Severe serous atrophy of medullary adipose tissue was also observed. Microscopically, in the evaluated regions (proximal humerus, distal radius, distal femur, proximal tibia and lumbar vertebral bodies), moderate to marked reduction in the number and thickness of bone trabeculae in the epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies were observed. The clinicopathological features indicated that the osteoporosis observed was probably caused by malnutrition. The bone changes (decrease in the number and thickness of trabeculae of cancellous bone) suggest that both mechanisms, poor bone formation and increased bone resorption, contributed to the occurrence of osteoporosis in the goats of this study.
Subject(s)
Animals , Osteoporosis/veterinary , Sheep/metabolism , Signs and Symptoms/veterinary , Deficiency Diseases/veterinary , Bone Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
Foi realizado um estudo de casos de osteoporose em caprinos provenientes de uma propriedade na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM, determinando a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico-patológico e discutindo os prováveis mecanismos patogenéticos. Cinco cabras, fêmeas, SRD, de seis meses a seis anos de idade foram afetadas. As cabras eram mantidas em campo nativo, sem suplementação com ração e sob superlotação. Os principais sinais clínicos foram emagrecimento, dificuldade de locomoção e permanência em decúbito por longos períodos. As principais alterações macroscópicas nos ossos examinados foram vistas nas superfícies de corte e caracterizavam-se por depleção do osso esponjoso (porosidade) e redução acentuada da espessura do osso cortical. Havia também marcada atrofia serosa da gordura da medula óssea. Microscopicamente, nas regiões avaliadas (úmero proximal, rádio distal, fêmur distal, tíbia proximal e corpos das vértebras lombares) foi observada redução moderada a acentuada do número e da espessura das trabéculas ósseas nas epífises e metáfises dos ossos longos e nos corpos vertebrais. Os achados clínico-patológicos indicaram que a osteoporose observada provavelmente foi causada pela desnutrição. As alterações ósseas (diminuição no número e na espessura das trabéculas do osso esponjoso) sugerem que ambos os mecanismos, má formação óssea e reabsorção óssea aumentada, contribuíram para a ocorrência de osteoporose nos caprinos deste estudo.(AU)
A study of cases of osteoporosis in goats diagnosed in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, was performed. The epidemiology, clinicopathological changes and possible pathogenetic mechanisms were determined and discussed. Five goats, females, mixed breed, with six months to six years of age were affected. The goats were kept on natural pasture without supplemental feed and under overcrowding condition. The main clinical signs were weight loss, limited mobility, and recumbence for long periods. The main gross bone changes, observed on the cutting surface, were depletion of cancellous bone (porosity) and marked reduction in the thickness of the cortical bone. Severe serous atrophy of medullary adipose tissue was also observed. Microscopically, in the evaluated regions (proximal humerus, distal radius, distal femur, proximal tibia and lumbar vertebral bodies), moderate to marked reduction in the number and thickness of bone trabeculae in the epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies were observed. The clinicopathological features indicated that the osteoporosis observed was probably caused by malnutrition. The bone changes (decrease in the number and thickness of trabeculae of cancellous bone) suggest that both mechanisms, poor bone formation and increased bone resorption, contributed to the occurrence of osteoporosis in the goats of this study.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/metabolism , Osteoporosis/veterinary , Signs and Symptoms/veterinary , Bone Diseases/veterinary , Deficiency Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
A retrospective study of the goat necropsies performed over a period of 48 years (1964 to 2011) at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, was performed. A total of 114 reports of goat necropsies were analyzed. Ninety five necropsies (83.33%) had a conclusive diagnosis and 19 (19.66%) had inconclusive diagnosis. Out of the conclusive cases, infectious and parasitary diseases were the most prevalent, followed, in decreasing order of prevalence, by metabolic and nutritional diseases, poisonings and toxi-infections, and developmental diseases. Other conditions or lesions that did not fit any of the above groups of diseases affected about 10% of the necropsied goats. Hemonchosis was the most prevalent cause of death in this study. Eimeriosis and listeriosis were also important causes of goat deaths. Among the metabolic and nutritional diseases, urolithiasis, osteoporosis, pregnancy toxemia, malnutrition, and white muscle disease were the most prevalent. Mostly the infectious and parasitary diseases and the metabolic and nutritional diseases occurred many times as outbreaks, causing even more important economic losses.
Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos arquivos do LPV-UFSM e examinados os laudos de necropsias de caprinos realizadas num período de 48 anos (1964 a 2011). Foram analisados 114 laudos de necropsias de caprinos. Deste total, 95 (83,33%) tinham diagnóstico conclusivo e 19 (19,66%) tinham diagnóstico inconclusivo. Dos 95 casos conclusivos, as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas em ordem decrescente de prevalência, pelas doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, intoxicações e toxi-infecções e alterações do desenvolvimento. Outras alterações de diferentes naturezas e etiologias que não se enquadravam nos grupos de doenças acima afetaram cerca de 10% dos caprinos examinados. A hemoncose foi a principal causa de morte de caprinos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM. Eimeriose e listeriose também foram causas importantes de morte. Dentre as doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, urolitíase, osteoporose, toxemia da prenhez, desnutrição e doença dos músculos brancos foram as mais prevalentes. Principalmente as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e as metabólicas e nutricionais ocorreram muitas vezes na forma de surtos, acarretando maiores perdas econômicas associadas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Autopsy/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Haemonchiasis/veterinary , Listeriosis/veterinaryABSTRACT
A retrospective study of the goat necropsies performed over a period of 48 years (1964 to 2011) at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, was performed. A total of 114 reports of goat necropsies were analyzed. Ninety five necropsies (83.33%) had a conclusive diagnosis and 19 (19.66%) had inconclusive diagnosis. Out of the conclusive cases, infectious and parasitary diseases were the most prevalent, followed, in decreasing order of prevalence, by metabolic and nutritional diseases, poisonings and toxi-infections, and developmental diseases. Other conditions or lesions that did not fit any of the above groups of diseases affected about 10% of the necropsied goats. Hemonchosis was the most prevalent cause of death in this study. Eimeriosis and listeriosis were also important causes of goat deaths. Among the metabolic and nutritional diseases, urolithiasis, osteoporosis, pregnancy toxemia, malnutrition, and white muscle disease were the most prevalent. Mostly the infectious and parasitary diseases and the metabolic and nutritional diseases occurred many times as outbreaks, causing even more important economic losses.(AU)
Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos arquivos do LPV-UFSM e examinados os laudos de necropsias de caprinos realizadas num período de 48 anos (1964 a 2011). Foram analisados 114 laudos de necropsias de caprinos. Deste total, 95 (83,33%) tinham diagnóstico conclusivo e 19 (19,66%) tinham diagnóstico inconclusivo. Dos 95 casos conclusivos, as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas em ordem decrescente de prevalência, pelas doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, intoxicações e toxi-infecções e alterações do desenvolvimento. Outras alterações de diferentes naturezas e etiologias que não se enquadravam nos grupos de doenças acima afetaram cerca de 10% dos caprinos examinados. A hemoncose foi a principal causa de morte de caprinos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM. Eimeriose e listeriose também foram causas importantes de morte. Dentre as doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, urolitíase, osteoporose, toxemia da prenhez, desnutrição e doença dos músculos brancos foram as mais prevalentes. Principalmente as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e as metabólicas e nutricionais ocorreram muitas vezes na forma de surtos, acarretando maiores perdas econômicas associadas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Autopsy/veterinary , Retrospective Studies , Listeriosis/veterinary , Haemonchiasis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Carcinomas de células escamosas vulvares (CCEVs) em bovinos foram estudados retrospectivamente quanto à prevalência, epidemiologia, quadro clinicopatológico e aspectos imuno-histoquímicos. O grau de pigmentação da pele vulvar foi também avaliado. Nos 48 anos analisados retrospectivamente, foram computados materiais de necropsias e biópsias de 7.483 bovinos recebidos no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da UFSM. Desses, em 664 (8,87%) casos de neoplasmas foram identificados, sendo 33 (4,97%) casos de CCEVs. Dezenove eram vacas da raça Holandesa, três da Charolesa, uma era Jersey e 10 eram sem raça definida. A principal alteração macroscópica foi aumento de volume vulvar, sangrante e com miíase concomitante. As massas tumorais eram firmes, ulceradas e com áreas amarelas. Foi possível reavaliar microscopicamente 30 dos 33 casos. Desses, oito eram CCEVs bem diferenciados, 17 eram moderadamente diferenciados e cinco eram pobremente diferenciados. A avaliação de lesões intraepiteliais escamosas (LIEs) foi realizada em tecidos de 21 casos que tinham epitélio de revestimento. Hiperplasia epitelial foi observada em 10 casos; displasia leve em dois, moderada em um e acentuada em cinco casos; em três casos não havia LIEs. A técnica de Fontana-Masson para melanina foi realizada em 21 casos. Desses, em 17 a pigmentação do epitélio da epiderme vulvar era ausente, em dois era leve e em outros dois era moderada. Independentemente do grau de diferenciação dos CCEVs, houve imunomarcação acentuada da maioria dos ceratinócitos neoplásicos para pancitoceratina bovina pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Papilomavírus bovino não foi detectado pela IHQ neste estudo.
Vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCCs) in cattle were retrospectively studied regarding the prevalence, epidemiology, clinicopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects. The degree of vulvar pigmentation was also evaluated. In the 48 years analyzed, necropsy and biopsy reports of 7,483 cattle were found. Out of these, 664 (8.87%) cases of various neoplasms were identified; 33 (4.97%) of these cases were of VSCCs. Nineteen cows were Holstein, three were Charolais, one was Jersey, and 10 were mix breed cows. Grossly, the main change was vulvar swelling, with bleeding and concomitant myiasis. The tumor masses were firm, ulcerated and with yellow areas. It was possible to reevaluate microscopically 30 out of the 33 cases. Eight of them were well differentiated, 17 were moderately differentiated, and five were poorly differentiated VSCCs. The evaluation of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) was performed in 21 cases. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 10 cases, mild dysplasia in two, moderate in one, and severe in five cases; in three cases no SILs were observed. Fontana-Masson stain for melanin was performed in 21 cases. In 17 cases the epidermal pigmentation was absent; it was mild in two and moderate in other two cases. Independently of the degree of differentiation, most neoplastic keratinocytes were strongly positive for bovine pancytokeratine through the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Bovine papillomavirus was not detected by IHC in this study.