Grado de satisfacción e impacto social y medioambiental en pacientes incluidos en un programa de seguimiento remoto de marcapasos / Degree of satisfaction and social and environmental impact in patients included in a remote pacemaker monitoring program

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el grado de satisfacción y el impacto sociolaboral y medioambiental de los pacientes de un programa de seguimiento remoto de marcapasos. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó 160 pacientes del programa de seguimiento remoto entre 2016 y 2017. Se pasó una encuesta de satisfacción a dichos pacientes y se cuantificó la disminución del CO2 emitido al reducir el número de visitas. Resultados: Los pacientes acudían acompañados (86%) y en coche (66%) la mayoría de las veces, y mostraron un grado de satisfacción «bueno o excelente¼ en un 96%. Se estima un ahorro de emisión de CO2 de casi un 10% por ciclo de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El seguimiento remoto de marcapasos implantado en nuestra unidad de arritmias reduce el impacto sociolaboral, económico y medioambiental.

Abstract Objective: To describe the degree of satisfaction and social, occupational and environmental impact of patients on our remote pacemaker monitoring programme run. Method: Prospective observational study including 160 patients on the remote pacemaker monitoring programme between 2016 and 2017. We handed out a satisfaction survey and quantified the decrease in CO2 emitted by reducing the number of visits. Results: The patients attended visits accompanied (86%) and by car (66%) most of the time. 96% of respondents said their degree of satisfaction was "good or excellent". We estimated a saving in CO2 emissions of almost 10% for each remote monitoring cycle. Conclusions: The remote monitoring of pacemakers implemented by our arrhythmia unit reduces the social, occupational, financial and environmental impact.

Impacto emocional en pacientes y familiares durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Un duelo diferente / Emotional impact on patients and families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A different kind of bereavement

OBJETIVO: Favorecer que cada persona elabore su duelo de forma natural, prevenir factores de riesgo e identifi car a los deudos que necesiten una atención específica. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo. Doscientas ocho familias fueron atendidas entre el 11 de marzo y el 20 de mayo de 2020 por duelo por la COVID-19, de acuerdo con un protocolo establecido. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los fallecidos fue de 76 años. El 58 % eran hombres. Los familiares atendidos fueron hijo/a (54 %), cónyuge o pareja (20 %), hermano/a (2 %). En relación con el lugar de fallecimiento, el 41 % en plantas de hospitalización, el 27 % en Urgencias, el 22 % en la planta de cuidados paliativos y el 10 % en UCI. El tipo de atención fue en el 53 % de los casos telefónica, en el 16 % presencial, en el 12 % telefónica y presencial y en el 3 % a través de videollamada. En un 63 % de las veces se realizó apoyo, asesoramiento puntual o atención específica mientras que en el 37 % se ofreció apoyo y disponibilidad. En lo referente "despedida final", el 49 % de los familiares pudieron despedirse, el 31 % no pudo. El tipo de duelo de los familiares atendidos fue inicialmente normal en el 71 %, mientras que un 16 % fue clasificado como de riesgo. CONCLUSIONES: La información y comunicación efectiva con los familiares afectados, la formación en la muerte y el duelo de los profesionales implicados y la disponibilidad de atención psicológica se consideran de gran importancia en una situación COVID-19. La experiencia muestra que la "Atención al duelo" debe estar a disposición de la población general afectada. Una buena organización y planificación ha de incorporar protocolos de actuación y seguimiento que incluyan una adecuada valoración y atención en los diferentes niveles desde el apoyo, la prevención y la detección precoz de posibles complicaciones en el duelo, y si es necesario la intervención especializada

OBJECTIVE: To allow each individual to undergo bereavement in a natural way, to prevent risk factors, and to identify bereaved people who need specific attention. METHOD: A descriptive study. Two hundred and eight families were attended to between March 11 and May 20, 2020 for Covid-19 according to an established protocol. RESULTS: Average age of the deceased relatives was 76 years. Fifty-eight percent were men. The family members who were cared for included: son or daughter (54 %), spouse or partner (20 %), brother or sister (2 %). Regarding the place of death, 41 % were in hospitalization wards, 27 % in the emergency room, 22 % in the palliative care ward, and 10 % in the ICU. The method of care was in 53 % of cases over the telephone, in 16 % in person, and in 12 % both over the telephone and in person; in 3 % of cases it was by video call. In 63 % of cases, support, specific advice or care was provided, whereas in 37 % support and availability were offered. In terms of "final goodbye", 49 % of all family members were able to say goodbye, while 31 % were unable to do so. The type of grief observed in the family members attended to was initially considered to be normal for 71 % of cases, whereas 16 % were classified as at risk. DISCUSSION: Effective information to and communication with affected relatives; that involved professionals be trained in dealing with death and grief so as not to cause harm, as well as in palliative care; and availability of psychological care are deemed of great importance in a COVID-19 scenario. Experience shows that "bereavement care" should be available to the general affected population. Proper organization and planning must incorporate action and follow-up protocols that include adequate assessment and care at different levels, from support, prevention and early detection of possible complications of bereavement to specialist intervention when necessary

Ecografía pulmonar como herramienta diagnóstica de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en niños / Pulmonary echography as a diagnostic tool of pneumonia acquired in the community in children

Resumen La neumonía se define clínicamente como la presencia aguda de fiebre acompañada de síntomas y signos respiratorios que pueden estar o no acompañados de hallazgos radiográficos. Sin embargo, los signos y síntomas que acompañan la enfermedad en la edad pediátrica son inespecíficos. La radiografía de tórax continúa siendo la prueba de referencia para el diagnóstico de neumonía. Contrario a esto, la radiografía de tórax no se recomienda de forma rutinaria ante la sospecha de neumonía. La tomografía y la resonancia magnética ofrecen mejores herramientas diagnósticas, aunque todas conllevan a una exposición a radiación ionizante y a un mayor costo en los servicios de salud. Es conocido que la radiación ionizante es capaz de causar potencialmente daños a los tejidos y más aún en los niños. En los últimos años, diferentes estudios proponen la ecografía pulmonar como ayuda diagnóstica para la neumonía al ofrecer ventajas como no requerir uso de sedantes, no expone a radiación ionizante, fácil transporte y ofrece mejor resolución en lo referente al diagnóstico de septos. Muchos estudios han demostrado la efectividad de la ecografia pulmonar para el diagnóstico de la neumonía. Un metaanálisis reciente reportó una sensibilidad de 96 % (IC95 % 94-97 %) y una especificidad del 93 % (IC95 % 90-96 %) de la ecografía pulmonar para el diagnóstico para la neumonía. Deduciendo que la ecografía pulmonar se proyecta como una herramienta diagnóstica para la neumonía, llegando a ser igual o superior a la radiografía de tórax.

Abstract Pneumonia is defined clinically as the acute presence of fever accompanied by respiratory symptoms and signs that may or may not be accompanied by radiographic findings. However, the signs and symptoms that accompany the disease in the pediatric age are nonspecific. Chest radiography continues to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Contrary to this, chest radiography is not routinely recommended in case of suspected pneumonia. The tomography and the magnetic resonance offer better diagnostic tools, nevertheless these, along with the x-ray, lead to an exposure to ionizing radiation and to a greater cost in the health services. It is known that ionizing radiation is capable of potentially causing damage to tissues and even more so in children. In recent years, different studies have proposed pulmonary ultrasound as a diagnostic aid for pneumonia, offering advantages such as not requiring the use of sedatives, exposure to ionizing radiation, easy transport and offering better resolution regarding the diagnosis of septa. Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia. A recent meta-analysis reported a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI 94-97%) and a specificity of 93% (95% CI 90-96%) for pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Deducing that the pulmonary ultrasound is projected as a diagnostic tool for pneumonia, being equal or superior to chest radiography.

Efecto de los estilos de vida en jóvenes universitarios Mexicanos sobre la densidad mineral ósea / Effect of lifestyles in Mexican university students on bone mineral density

Fundamentos: Es necesario detectar factores de riesgo para prevenir osteoporosis. Por lo que se determinó la influencia de los estilos de vida sobre la formación ósea con densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y calciuria en jóvenes universitarios mexicanos de ambos sexos y entre 18-25 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, que incluyó a 101 jóvenes divididos en dos grupos: con DMO normal y con DMO baja. Se realizó una densitometría dual de Rayos X y además se midió el ratio calcio/creatinina. Se obtuvo la frecuencia y recordatorio habitual de alimentos, la realización de ejercicio, y el consumo de café, refrescos de cola, alcohol, cigarrillos y Cannabis sativa. Resultados: un 7,9% presentó DMO baja y el 36,6% hipercalciuria. Protección en mujeres con cintura normal, no consumo Cannabis sativa y normocalciuria. Correlaciones positivas en mujeres: DMO lumbar vs minutos actividad física y Vitamina D; DMO del fémur vs masa magra; y correlación negativa entre DMO y consumo de sodio. En hombres se obtuvo una correlación negativa entre DMO lumbar e ingesta de café. Ambos sexos con DMO baja presentaron riesgo de 5,1 veces superior de tener hipercalciura y 1,1 de padecer obesidad adiposa. Conclusiones: Ambos sexos se protegen mediante la realización de actividad física aeróbica y manteniendo una circunferencia cintura normal. En mujeres se recomienda no consumir Cannabis sativa, el consumo de vitamina D y un bajo consumo de sodio. En hombres se recomienda disminuir café (AU)

Background: It is necessary to detect risk factors to prevent osteoporosis. Therefore the aim of this work was to determinate the influence of lifestyle on the bone formation with bone mineral density (BM D) and calciurea in Mexican students, of both sexes, between 18-25 years. Methods: cross-sectional study, which included 101 young people divided in two groups: normal BMD and low BMD. A dual X-ray densitometry was performed, and also the calcium/creatinine ratio was measured. Frequency and record of food, exercise, and consumption of coffee, cola, cigarettes, alcohol and Cannabis sativa were obtained. Results: 7.9% had low BMD and 36.6% had hypercalciuria. Protection in women is due to maintain normal waist, not consumption Cannabis sativa and normocalciuria. Positive correlation in women: lumbar BMD vs minutes of physical activity and vitamin D; femur BMD vs lean mass; and negative correlation between BMD and sodium intake. In men, a negative correlation was found between coffee intake and the BMD of the lumbar region. Both sexes with low BMD presented a 5.1-fold higher risk of having hypercalcius and 1.1 with adipose obesity. Conclusion: There is a protection in both sexes by performing aerobic physical activity and maintaining a normal waist circumference. In women the recommendation is not consuming Cannabis sativa, taking vitamin D and low sodium intake. In men it is recommended to reduce coffee intake (AU)

Dermatomicosis en las extremidades inferiores de pacientes diabéticos seguidos en una consulta de podología / Dermatomycosis in lower limbs of diabetic patients followed by podiatry consultation

Antecedentes. Los pacientes diabéticos son especialmente vulnerables a las micosis debido a las modificaciones inducidas por la enfermedad en su sistema inmunitario. Estas modificaciones comprometen los sistemas de defensa naturales, como la piel y las uñas, sobre todo en las extremidades inferiores. Objetivos. Evaluar la presencia de dermatomicosis en los miembros inferiores de pacientes diabéticos portugueses seguidos en consultas de podología y determinar los posibles factores predisponentes y las especies de hongos más frecuentes asociadas a los casos incluidos en el estudio. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de seis meses de duración en 163 pacientes diabéticos con signos y síntomas de dermatomicosis, atendidos por el servicio de podología de la Asociación Portuguesa de Diabetes en Lisboa. Se obtuvieron muestras de piel y/o de uñas de las extremidades inferiores y se registraron los datos demográficos y clínicos de los pacientes. Resultados. Trichophyton rubrum fue el dermatofito más frecuentemente aislado (12,1%), seguido por Trichophyton mentagrophytes (7,7%) y Trichophyton tonsurans (4,4%). En el presente estudio ha quedado demostrada la asociación entre la diabetes de tipo 2 y la presencia de dermatomicosis en la población estudiada (p=0,013); y así mismo entre la incidencia de dermatomicosis y la localización de la lesión corporal (p=0,000). Para ningún otro factor predisponente analizado se identificó una asociación positiva con la infección (p > 0,05). Conclusiones. En Portugal apenas se dispone de datos sobre micosis superficiales en pacientes diabéticos. El presente estudio proporciona información sobre la caracterización de las dermatomicosis en miembros inferiores de estos pacientes(AU)

Background. Diabetic patients are particularly susceptible to fungal infections due to modifications that occur in their immunological system. These modifications compromise natural defences, such as skin and nails, especially from lower limbs. Aims. Assessing the presence of dermatomycosis in lower limbs of Portuguese diabetic patients followed on Podiatry consultation. Determination of possible predisposing factors and the most frequent fungal species associated with the cases are included in the study. Methods. A six-month prospective study was carried out in 163 diabetic patients with signs and symptoms of dermatomycosis followed by Podiatry at the Portuguese Diabetes Association in Lisbon. Samples from the skin and/or nails of the lower limbs were collected and demographic and clinical data of those patients were recorded. Results. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte (12.1%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (7.7%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (4.4%). Our study showed positive associations between type 2 diabetes and the presence of dermatomycosis in the studied population (p=0.013); this association was also shown between the occurrence of dermatomycosis and the localization of the body lesion (p=0.000). No other predisposing factor tested was positively associated with infection (p>0.05). Conclusions. Data on superficial fungal infections in diabetic patients are scarce in Portugal. This study provides information on the characterization of dermatomycosis in lower limbs of diabetic patients(AU)

Dermatomycosis in lower limbs of diabetic patients followed by podiatry consultation.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients are particularly susceptible to fungal infections due to modifications that occur in their immunological system. These modifications compromise natural defences, such as skin and nails, especially from lower limbs. AIMS: Assessing the presence of dermatomycosis in lower limbs of Portuguese diabetic patients followed on Podiatry consultation. Determination of possible predisposing factors and the most frequent fungal species associated with the cases are included in the study. METHODS: A six-month prospective study was carried out in 163 diabetic patients with signs and symptoms of dermatomycosis followed by Podiatry at the Portuguese Diabetes Association in Lisbon. Samples from the skin and/or nails of the lower limbs were collected and demographic and clinical data of those patients were recorded. RESULTS: Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte (12.1%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (7.7%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (4.4%). Our study showed positive associations between type 2 diabetes and the presence of dermatomycosis in the studied population (p=0.013); this association was also shown between the occurrence of dermatomycosis and the localization of the body lesion (p=0.000). No other predisposing factor tested was positively associated with infection (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Data on superficial fungal infections in diabetic patients are scarce in Portugal. This study provides information on the characterization of dermatomycosis in lower limbs of diabetic patients.

Isolates from hospital environments are the most virulent of the Candida parapsilosis complex.

BACKGROUND: Candida parapsilosis is frequently isolated from hospital environments, like air and surfaces, and causes serious nosocomial infections. Molecular studies provided evidence of great genetic diversity within the C. parapsilosis species complex but, despite their growing importance as pathogens, little is known about their potential to cause disease, particularly their interactions with phagocytes. In this study, clinical and environmental C. parapsilosis isolates, and strains of the related species C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were assayed for their ability to induce macrophage cytotocixity and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, to produce pseudo-hyphae and to secrete hydrolytic enzymes. RESULTS: Environmental C. parapsilosis isolates caused a statistically significant (p = 0.0002) higher cell damage compared with the clinical strains, while C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were less cytotoxic. On the other hand, clinical isolates induced a higher TNF-α production compared with environmental strains (p < 0.0001). Whereas the amount of TNF-α produced in response to C. orthopsilosis strains was similar to the obtained with C. parapsilosis environmental isolates, it was lower for C. metapsilosis strains. No correlation between pseudo-hyphae formation or proteolytic enzymes secretion and macrophage death was detected (p > 0.05). However, a positive correlation between pseudo-hyphae formation and TNF-α secretion was observed (p = 0.0119). CONCLUSIONS: We show that environmental C. parapsilosis strains are more resistant to phagocytic host defences than bloodstream isolates, being potentially more deleterious in the course of infection than strains from a clinical source. Thus, active environmental surveillance and application of strict cleaning procedures should be implemented in order to prevent cross-infection and hospital outbreaks.

Sarcoma de Kaposi clásico en el pie: presentación de 2 casos no relacionados con VIH / The classic Kaposi´s sarcoma in feet: two cases not related to HIV

La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) ha aumentado la incidencia de pacientes con sarcoma dc Kaposi, de forma que la presencia del Kaposi junto con la demostración de la infección se considera criterio de SIDA. Previamente a la aparición del SIDA existía el sarcoma de Kaposi, afectando otras localizaciones diferentes y en un grupo poblacional diferente. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes no VIII con lesiones cutáneas de Sarcoma de Kaposi en su Variante clásica, con lesiones que afectan a los pies (AU)

Human immunodcficiencyvirus (HIV) infection has increased the incidence of patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma so patients with this disease associated to infection is considered AIDS. Previous to the discovery of this syndrome, Kaposi’s appears in patients on different locations and different population group. We present two cases of Kaposi’s syndrome in not HIV patients with lesions located in both feet (AU)

Pathogenic fungi: an unacknowledged risk at coastal resorts? New insights on microbiological sand quality in Portugal.

Whilst the potential impact on beach users from microorganisms in water has received considerable attention, there has been relatively little investigation into microbial contaminants in sand. Thirty three beaches across Portugal were analyzed during a five year period (2006-2010) to determine the presence of yeasts, pathogenic fungi, dermatophytes, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci in sand. Our results showed that 60.4% of the samples were positive for fungi and that 25.2% were positive for the bacterial parameters. The most frequent fungal species found were Candida sp. and Aspergillus sp., whereas intestinal enterococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Positive associations were detected among analyzed parameters and country-regions but none among those parameters and sampling period. Regarding threshold values, we propose 15 cfu/g for yeasts, 17 cfu/g for potential pathogenic fungi, 8 cfu/g for dermatophytes. Twenty-five cfu/g for E. coli, and 10 [corrected] cfu/g for intestinal enterococci.

Persistence of immunological alterations after thymectomy in Good's syndrome: a clue to its pathogenesis.

Analyzing the phenotypic characterization of the immune system cells involved in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) is difficult due to the low number of studies on that subject. We describe the immunological alterations observed in a case of Good's syndrome, and we summarize the pathogenic explanations found in the literature.

Comparison of Enzymatic Method Rapid Yeast Plus System with RFLP-PCR for Identification of Isolated Yeast from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare two identification methods, i.e., restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR analysis and enzymatic method Rapid TM Yeast Plus System to identify different species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vaginal discharges of women who had attended the gynecology outpatient clinic of Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran were collected using cotton swabs and were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolated yeasts were identified by germ-tube testing and Rapid TM Yeast Plus System (Remel USA). For molecular identification, the isolated DNA was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers and PCR products digested with the enzyme HpaІІ followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Epidemiological and clinical features of women with respect to identified species were also evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 231 subjects enrolled, 62 VVC cases were detected. The isolated species were identified as follows: Candida albicans, 24 (38.7%), C. glabrata, 15 (24.2%), C. kefyr, 13 (21.0%) C. krusei, 9 (14.5%), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 (1.6%) by RFLP-PCR method; whereas findings by Rapid TM Yeast Plus System were C. albicans, 24 (38.7%), C. glabrata, 5 (8%), C. kefyr, 11 (17.7%) C. krusei, 2 (3.2%), S. cerevisiae, 9 (14.5%), and C. tropicalis, 6 (9.6%) as well as other nonpathogenic yeasts, 4 (6.9%). CONCLUSION: Statistical comparison showed that there is no significant difference in identification of C. albicans by the two methods; although, in this study, it was not true about other species of yeasts. A correlation between clinical and laboratory findings is important as it enables us to administer an appropriate treatment on time.

New polymorphic microsatellite markers able to distinguish among Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates.

Among the Candida species causing bloodstream infections, Candida parapsilosis is one of the most frequently isolated. The objective of the present work was the identification of new microsatellite loci able to distinguish among C. parapsilosis isolates. DNA sequences with trinucleotide repeats were selected from the C. parapsilosis genome database. PCR primer sets flanking the microsatellite repeats were designed and tested with 20 independent isolates. On the basis of the amplification efficiency, specificity, and observed polymorphism, four of the sequences were selected for strain typing. Two hundred thirty-three independent C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates were genotyped by using these markers. The polymorphic loci exhibited from 20 to 42 alleles and 39 to 92 genotypes. In a multiplex analysis, 192 genotypes were obtained and the combined discriminatory power of the four microsatellites was 0.99. Reproducibility was demonstrated by submission of subcultures of 4 isolates each, in triplicate, interspersed with unique numbers among a group of 30 isolates for blind testing. Comparison of the genotypes obtained by microsatellite analysis and those obtained by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and internal transcribed sequence grouping was performed and showed that the microsatellite method could distinguish individual isolates; none of the other methods could do that. Related species, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis, were not confused with C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. These new microsatellites are a valuable tool for use for the differentiation of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto strains, vital in epidemiology to answer questions of strain relatedness and determine pathways of transmission.

Chromoblastomycosis associated with Fonsecaea pedrosoi in a carpenter handling exotic woods.

Chromoblastomycosis is a rare, hard to diagnose disease that arises mostly in the tropics, especially in humid areas, affecting mainly males and rural workers. It is characterized by verrucous plaques or nodules that are slow growing and attributed to infection by different pigmented (dematiaceous) fungi. Usually the infection develops after injury, being primarily located on the lower extremities. The authors present the case of a healthy, 60-year-old man observed with a one year history of an erythematous violaceous 5cm tumor located on the right thigh. A biopsy specimen for histopathology revealed single or clustered brown pigmented cells, with a single or double septum and thick cell walls. Cultural smears showed growth of Fonsecaea Pedrosoi. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole (200mg per day), with a good response and clinical cure in 6 months that left only an atrophic scar.