Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Mimicking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children, Sonora, Mexico.

We describe 5 children who had Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and manifested clinical symptoms similar to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Sonora, Mexico, where RMSF is hyperendemic. Physicians should consider RMSF in differential diagnoses of hospitalized patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome to prevent illness and death caused by rickettsial disease.

Descripción de la morfología del sistema de canales radiculares del primer molar maxilar mediante tomografía computarizada cone-beam en una población chilena / Description of the morphology of the root canal system of the maxillary first molar using cone-beam computed tomography in a Chilean population

Describir la morfología del sistema de canales radiculares del primer molar maxilar en una población chilena mediante exámenes de tomografía computarizada Cone-Beam (CBCT). Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en el cual se utilizaron los exámenes CBCT de pacientes que fueron atendidos en un Centro de Radiología Maxilofacial privado durante el período comprendido entre Enero y Diciembre del año 2018 en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile, los cuales fueron observados de manera independiente por dos investigadores previamente calibrados. Se observaron 199 exámenes CBCT. En la raíz mesiobucal,predominaron las morfologías tipo II, I y IV de Vertucci respectivamente, mientras que en la raíz distobucal y palatina predominó la morfología tipo I. El canal MB2 estuvo presente en el 62,3 % de los casos, con una prevalencia significativamente mayor en pacientes jóvenes. En la mayoría de los primeros molares maxilares de los habitantes de la ciudad de Temuco se observaron tres raíces separadas y la presencia de cuatro canales. Se determinó una alta frecuencia del canal MB2 en la raíz MB.

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to describe the morphology of the root canal system of the maxillary first molar in a Chilean population through Cone-Beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. A descriptive observational study was carried out in which the CBCT examinations of patients who were treated in a private maxillofacial radiology center during the period between January and December 2018 in Temuco, Chile, were used which were observed independently by two previously calibrated researchers. In this analysis 199 CBCT exams were observed. In the mesiobuccal root, Type II, I and IV morphologies predominated respectively, while in the distobuccal and palatal root, Type I morphology predominated. The MB2 canal was present in 62.3 % of cases, with a higher prevalence in young patients. Three separate roots and the presence of four canals were observed in most of the maxillary first molars of the patients in Temuco. A high frequency of the MB2 canal was determined in the root MB.

Cáncer de pulmón, tendencias desde la perspectiva del cuidado / Lung cancer, trends from a care perspective / Cancro do pulmão, tendências de uma perspectiva de cuidados

Objetivo: identificar las tendencias de investigación sobre el cáncer de pulmón durante los últimos cinco años, desde la perspectiva del cuidado de enfermería. Método: revisión bibliométrica y exploratoria realizada a partir de la base de datos de web of science. Se utilizaron los descriptores, lung neoplasm and nursing care con aplicación de filtros, obteniendo un total de 62 artículos publicados entre los años 2017-2021. El análisis bibliométrico fue realizado mediante bibliometrix con el total de los documentos obtenidos; para el análisis exploratorio se utilizaron 30 artículos que describen las principales tendencias temáticas identificadas en la estructura conceptual. Resultados: los indicadores bibliométricos muestran un promedio de publicación de 12 artículos por año, predominaron las publicaciones con enfoque cuantitativo (66,7 %) y de nivel de evidencia baja (56,7 %). El mayor número de artículos publicados por fuente y autor fue de 4. Los resultados exploratorios muestran cinco temáticas relevantes relacionadas con: el diagnóstico del cáncer de pulmón, síntomas, cuidado paliativo, calidad de vida y práctica avanzada de enfermería. Conclusión: se logra identificar publicaciones que enfatizan las temáticas mencionadas, con un nivel de evidencia bajo y con escasas intervenciones realizadas por parte de enfermería. Los estudios se enfocan en el control de síntomas y cuidados en el fin de vida.

Objective: identify trends in lung cancer research over the past five years from a nursing care perspective. Method: bibliometric and exploratory review based on the web of science database. The descriptors, lung neoplasm and nursing care were used with application of filters, obtaining a total of 62 articles published between the years 2017-2021. The bibliometric analysis was performed using bibliometrix with the total number of documents obtained; 30 articles describing the main thematic trends identified in the conceptual structure were used for the exploratory analysis. Results: bibliometric indicators show an average publication rate of 12 articles per year, with a predominance of publications with a quantitative approach (66.7 %) and a low level of evidence (56.7 %). The highest number of articles published per source and author was 4. The exploratory results show five relevant topics related to: lung cancer diagnosis, symptoms, palliative care, quality of life and advanced nursing practice. Conclusion: it is possible to identify publications that emphasize the aforementioned topics, with a low level of evidence and with few interventions carried out by nurses. The studies focus on symptom control and end-of-life care.

Objectivo: identificar tendências na investigação do cancro do pulmão ao longo dos últimos cinco anos, numa perspectiva de cuidados de enfermagem. Método: revisão bibliométrica e exploratória realizada utilizando a teia de dados científicos. Os descritores, neoplasma pulmonar e cuidados de enfermagem foram utilizados com a aplicação de filtros, obtendo um total de 62 artigos publicados entre 2017-2021. A análise bibliométrica foi realizada utilizando a bibliometria com o número total de documentos obtidos; 30 artigos descrevendo as principais tendências temáticas identificadas na estrutura conceptual foram utilizados para a análise exploratória. Resultados: os indicadores bibliométricos mostram uma taxa média de publicação de 12 artigos por ano, com uma predominância de publicações com uma abordagem quantitativa (66,7 %) e um baixo nível de evidência (56,7 %). O maior número de artigos publicados por fonte e autor foi de 4. Os resultados exploratórios mostram cinco tópicos relevantes relacionados com: diagnóstico do cancro do pulmão, sintomas, cuidados paliativos, qualidade de vida e prática avançada de enfermagem. Conclusão: conseguimos identificar publicações que enfatizam os tópicos acima mencionados, com um baixo nível de evidência e com poucas intervenções realizadas por enfermeiros. Os estudos centram-se no controlo dos sintomas e nos cuidados de fim de vida.

Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners and Conventional pressions in Full-Arches: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate intraoral scanners accuracy in full-arches, comparing them with conventional impressions. A scientific research performed in MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and SciELO databases was conducted to analyze articles published between 2015 and 2020. Clinical and in vitro studies that evaluated accuracy (precision and trueness) from intraoral scanners and conventional impressions in full-arches were included. Two tests were applied to evaluate the methodological bias from the studies. Out of the 191 articles found, seven of them were selected for a qualitative analysis. In clinical studies,intraoral scanners CEREC Omnicam and 3Shape TRIOS Colorhad the highest precision compared to conventional irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. In in vitro studies, conventional polyvinyl siloxane impressions showed the highest accuracy, followed by intraoral scanners Cadent iTero and CEREC Omnicam, while irreversible hydrocolloid impressions showed the lowest accuracy. Digital intraoral impression systems do not show superior accuracycompared to highly accurate conventional impression techniques. However, they provide excellent clinical results and both methods are clinically accepted.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la exactitud de escáneres intraorales en impresiones digitales de arco completo en comparación con las impresiones convencionales. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EBSCOhost y SciELO para analizar artículos publicados entre los años 2015 y 2020. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos e in vitro que evaluaran exactitud (precisión y/o veracidad) de escáneres intraorales impresiones convencionales en arcos completos. Dos pautas se aplicaron para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios. De 191 artículos encontrados, 7 fueron seleccionados para un análisis cualitativo. En los estudios clínicos, los escáneres intraorales CEREC Omnicam y 3Shape TRIOS Color presentaron la mayor precisiónen comparación con las impresiones convencionales de hidrocoloide irreversible. En los estudios in vitro, las impresiones de polivinil siloxano presentaron la mayor exactitud seguido por los escáneres intraorales CadentiTero y CEREC Omnicam, mientras quelas impresiones de hidrocoloide irreversible presentaron la menor exactitud. Los sistemas de impresión digital intraoral no mostraron tener una exactitud superior comparados con las técnicas de impresión convencional de gran exactitud. Sin embargo, proveen excelentes resultados clínicos y ambos métodos son clínicamente aceptables.

Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Have Same Effect as Blood Clot in the 3-Dimensional Alveolar Ridge Preservation. A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) has been used for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in postextraction tooth sockets. However, current reports have measured its effectiveness in linear measurements of 3-dimensional ridge preservation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of L-PRF filling versus natural clot blood healing in ARP according to the clinical, radiographic, and volumetric measurements of postextraction tooth sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed. Healthy patients who needed bilateral extraction of upper third molars were selected. After the tooth extraction, the socket was filled and distributed randomly with L-PRF and the contralateral socket only with the blood clot. The dimensional change of soft tissue healing around the sockets, and the length, depth, and difference of bone formation were examined using standardized periapical radiographs. Volumetric measurement variation of the sockets was evaluated by 3-dimensional scanning of dental casts. Changes of all measures were analyzed at 7 days (initial) and 3 months (final) after the tooth extraction and compared between both groups (t test; P < .05). RESULTS: Sixteen patients (aged 24.75 ± 3.53 years; 56.25% women) participated. Measurements of wound healing and the length, depth, and difference of bone formation were similar for both study groups at initial and final times. The calculation of initial-final volumetric socket variation was 15.45 ± 13.12 µL using L-PRF and 14.12 ± 11.23 µL using blood clot (P = .78). CONCLUSIONS: L-PRF filling showed the same dimensional and volumetric behavior as normal blood clot healing in the ARP of postextraction tooth sockets. Future investigations will have to analyze the use of surgical models and digital instruments in ARP techniques.

Evidence of Q Fever and Rickettsial Disease in Chile.

Q fever and rickettsial diseases occur throughout the world and appear to be emergent zoonoses in Chile. The diagnosis of these diseases is currently uncommon in Chile, as their clinical presentations are non-specific and appropriate diagnostic laboratory assays are of limited availability. During a recent outbreak of undiagnosed human atypical pneumonia, we serologically investigated a series of 357 cases from three regions of southern Chile. The aim was to identify those caused by Coxiella burnetii and/or Rickettsia spp. Serological analysis was performed by ELISA and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for acute and convalescence sera of patients. Our results, including data from two international reference laboratories, demonstrate that 71 (20%) of the cases were Q fever, and 44 (15%) were a likely rickettsial infection, although the rickettsial species could not be confirmed by serology. This study is the first report of endemic Q fever and rickettsial disease affecting humans in Chile.

Assessment of knowledge of oral cancer in dentists in the Los Ríos region, Chile, in 2017 / Evaluación del conocimiento del cáncer oral en dentistas en la región de Los Ríos, Chile, en 2017

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of Oral Cancer (OC) of dental surgeons in Los Rios Region in the year 2017. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study consisting of a survey containing 24 multiple-choice questions was conducted and applied in person to 102 public practice dentists of Los Ríos Region, between March-July 2017. Participants were previously informed that the survey was voluntary, anonymous and confidential. Characterization data from the population was collected and the variable "Knowledge of Oral Cancer" along with its subsections on OC epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment/complications and prognosis/prevention were measured. Tabulated data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results were presented through a passing percentage (60% minimum for approval). Results: 100 surveys were answered (with a 98% response rate). Knowledge of OC averaged a 77% passing rate among the participants: 63% for the epidemiology section, 78% for etiopathogenesis, 86.5% for diagnosis, 64% for treatment/complications, while OC prevention resulted in a 75% passing rate. Conclusion: A high percentage of dental surgeons in Los Rios Region demonstrated a satisfactory knowledge of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention of OC. However, a low percentage responded correctly regarding the epidemiological factors, treatment and complications. It is highly recommended to follow the same research methodology in other regions across Chile in order to analyze results at a national level with a new approach, so as to properly guide future professional training programs.

Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos acerca de cáncer oral (CO) que poseen los odontólogos de la Región de los Ríos en el año 2017. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas de preguntas de selección múltiple aplicadas a 102 odontólogos de práctica pública de la Región de los Ríos. Se informó previamente a los participantes el carácter voluntario, anónimo y confidencial de la encuesta y se entregó un consentimiento informado. Se recopilaron datos de caracterización de la población y se midió la variable "Conocimientos acerca del Cáncer Oral" en sus dimensiones de epidemiología, etiopatogenia, diagnóstico, tratamiento/complicaciones y pronóstico/prevención. A los datos tabulados se les realizó estadística descriptiva. Los resultados se presentaron mediante porcentaje de aprobación y nota equivalente al 60% en escala continua. Resultados: Se respondieron 100 encuestas (tasa de respuesta del 98%). El Conocimiento acerca de CO promedió una aprobación de 77% entre los participantes, equivalente a una nota 5,29. La dimensión de epidemiología alcanzó un 63%, etiopatogenia un 78%, diagnóstico un 86,5%, tratamiento/complicaciones un 64% y prevención 75% de aprobación. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de los cirujanos dentistas de la Región de los Ríos demostró conocimientos adecuados acerca de la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y prevención del CO. Sin embargo, un bajo porcentaje respondió asertivamente en lo que respecta a factores epidemiológicos, tratamiento y complicaciones. Se sugiere seguir la misma línea investigativa en otras regiones, para analizar resultados a nivel nacional y orientar, con un nuevo enfoque, los programas educativos para profesionales.

Influence of the type of amino acids in the formation of precipitates of copper and sulphur in parenteral nutrition / Influencia del tipo de aminoácidos en la formación de precipitados de cobre y azufre en nutrición parenteral

Objective: we found a black precipitate during the infusion of a parenteral nutrition without lipids. The objective of this study is to check the composition of the precipitate and the influence of the type of amino acids in its formation. Methods: four PN bags were prepared with the following composition: 1 l of amino acids solution, 150 g glucose, 60 mEq potassium, 217 mEq chloride, 105 mEq sodium, 15 mEq magnesium, 15 mEq calcium, 18.63 mmol phosphorus and trace elements (Addamel(R)). Each bag was prepared using a different type of amino acids solution with different amount of cysteine per litre: Tauramin(R) 10% (0.5 g/l), Primene(R) 10% (1.89 g/l), Tauramin(R) 12.6% (0.62 g/l) or Synthamin(R) 10% (0 g/l). Tauramin(R) 10% and Primene(R) 10% were packaged in glass containers whereas Tauramin(R) 12.6% and Synthamin(R) 10%, in plastic. The contents of each bag were filtered using Pall NEO96E 0.2 micron filters. A 2.25% area of each filter was observed by scanning electron microscopy at 100x magnification. The analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed at 1,000x magnification. Results: in the Primene(R) 10% and Tauramin(R) 10% filters, a greater amount of precipitate was observed than with Tauramin(R) 12.6% and Synthamin(R) 10%. The percentage of copper and sulphur in each area of the filters studied was, respectively, 22.9% and 11.5% (Primene(R) 10%), 19.3% and 9.6% (Tauramin(R) 10%), 3.7% and 0% (Tauramin(R) 12.6%), 2.5% y 0% (Synthamin(R) 10%). Conclusions: the observed precipitate contains copper and sulphur. Precipitate formation occurs in high cysteine content amino acids solutions packaged in glass containers. It is important to use filters in the administration of PN to ensure that this type of precipitates are retained and do not pass to the patient. Key words

Objetivo: durante la infusión de una nutrición parenteral (NP) sin lípidos se observó un precipitado negro en el filtro. El objetivo del estudio es comprobar la composición del precipitado y la influencia del tipo de aminoácidos en su formación. Métodos: se prepararon cuatro bolsas de NP con 1.000 ml de solución de aminoácidos, 150 g glucosa, 60 mEq potasio, 217 mEq cloruro, 105 mEq sodio, 15 mEq magnesio, 15 mEq calcio, 18,63 mmol fósforo y oligoelementos (Addamel(R)). Se utilizaron distintos tipos de aminoácidos con concentraciones de cisteína diferentes: Tauramin(R) 10% (0,5 g/l), Primene(R) 10% (1,89 g/l), Tauramin(R) 12,6% (0,62 g/l) o Synthamin(R) 17 (0 g/l). Tauramin(R) 10% y Primene(R) 10% estaban envasados en vidrio y Tauramin(R) 12,6% y Synthamin(R) 17, en plástico. El contenido de cada bolsa se filtró utilizando filtros Pall NEO96E de 0,2 micras. Se estudió un área de 2,25% de cada filtro mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido a 100 aumentos. El análisis mediante espectroscopia de dispersión de energía (EDS) se realizó a 1.000 aumentos. Resultados: en los filtros con Primene(R) 10% y Tauramin(R) 10%, se observó mayor precipitación que con Tauramin(R) 12,6% y Synthamin(R) 10%. El porcentaje de cobre y azufre en cada área de los filtros estudiados fue 22,9% y 11,5% (Primene(R) 10%), 19,3% y 9,6% (Tauramin(R) 10%), 3,7% y 0% (Tauramin 12,6%), 2,5% y 0% (Synthamin 10%). Conclusiones: el precipitado observado contiene cobre y azufre. La formación de precipitados se produce con soluciones de aminoácidos envasadas en vidrio, con gran cantidad de cisteína. Es importante usar filtros en la administración de NP para garantizar que los precipitados se retengan y no se pasen al paciente

Influence of the type of amino acids in the formation of precipitates of copper and sulphur in parenteral nutrition.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: we found a black precipitate during the infusion of a parenteral nutrition without lipids. The objective of this study is to check the composition of the precipitate and the influence of the type of amino acids in its formation. Methods: four PN bags were prepared with the following composition: 1 l of amino acids solution, 150 g glucose, 60 mEq potassium, 217 mEq chloride, 105 mEq sodium, 15 mEq magnesium, 15 mEq calcium, 18.63 mmol phosphorus and trace elements (Addamel®). Each bag was prepared using a different type of amino acids solution with different amount of cysteine per litre: Tauramin® 10% (0.5 g/l), Primene® 10% (1.89 g/l), Tauramin® 12.6% (0.62 g/l) or Synthamin® 10% (0 g/l). Tauramin® 10% and Primene® 10% were packaged in glass containers whereas Tauramin® 12.6% and Synthamin® 10%, in plastic. The contents of each bag were filtered using Pall NEO96E 0.2 micron filters. A 2.25% area of each filter was observed by scanning electron microscopy at 100x magnification. The analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed at 1,000x magnification. Results: in the Primene® 10% and Tauramin® 10% filters, a greater amount of precipitate was observed than with Tauramin® 12.6% and Synthamin® 10%. The percentage of copper and sulphur in each area of the filters studied was, respectively, 22.9% and 11.5% (Primene® 10%), 19.3% and 9.6% (Tauramin® 10%), 3.7% and 0% (Tauramin® 12.6%), 2.5% y 0% (Synthamin® 10%). Conclusions: the observed precipitate contains copper and sulphur. Precipitate formation occurs in high cysteine content amino acids solutions packaged in glass containers. It is important to use filters in the administration of PN to ensure that this type of precipitates are retained and do not pass to the patient. Key words.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: durante la infusión de una nutrición parenteral (NP) sin lípidos se observó un precipitado negro en el filtro. El objetivo del estudio es comprobar la composición del precipitado y la influencia del tipo de aminoácidos en su formación. Métodos: se prepararon cuatro bolsas de NP con 1.000 ml de solución de aminoácidos, 150 g glucosa, 60 mEq potasio, 217 mEq cloruro, 105 mEq sodio, 15 mEq magnesio, 15 mEq calcio, 18,63 mmol fósforo y oligoelementos (Addamel®). Se utilizaron distintos tipos de aminoácidos con concentraciones de cisteína diferentes: Tauramin® 10% (0,5 g/l), Primene® 10% (1,89 g/l), Tauramin® 12,6% (0,62 g/l) o Synthamin® 17 (0 g/l). Tauramin® 10% y Primene® 10% estaban envasados en vidrio y Tauramin® 12,6% y Synthamin® 17, en plástico. El contenido de cada bolsa se filtró utilizando filtros Pall NEO96E de 0,2 micras. Se estudió un área de 2,25% de cada filtro mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido a 100 aumentos. El análisis mediante espectroscopia de dispersión de energía (EDS) se realizó a 1.000 aumentos. Resultados: en los filtros con Primene® 10% y Tauramin® 10%, se observó mayor precipitación que con Tauramin® 12,6% y Synthamin® 10%. El porcentaje de cobre y azufre en cada área de los filtros estudiados fue 22,9% y 11,5% (Primene® 10%), 19,3% y 9,6% (Tauramin® 10%), 3,7% y 0% (Tauramin 12,6%), 2,5% y 0% (Synthamin 10%). Conclusiones: el precipitado observado contiene cobre y azufre. La formación de precipitados se produce con soluciones de aminoácidos envasadas en vidrio, con gran cantidad de cisteína. Es importante usar filtros en la administración de NP para garantizar que los precipitados se retengan y no se pasen al paciente.

[Black precipitate in parenteral nutrition]. / Precipitado negro en nutrición parenteral.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: a black precipitate was observed in the filter during the infusion of a parenteral nutrition without lipids. There are similar findings published in which copper and sulphur (from cysteine) were found in the composition of the precipitate. Objective: to determine if copper and cysteine are involved in the formation of the precipitate. Methods: samples of the parenteral nutrition solution were taken before and after its passage through the filter. Amino acids concentrations were analysed in both samples by ion exchange chromatography and post-column derivatization with ninhydrin in a Biochrom 30 device. Copper concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in a PerkinElmer AAnalyst™ 200 device. Results: a decrease in cysteine concentration of 29.3% was found. The concentration of copper decreased by 75.9%. Conclusions: the decrease in the concentrations of cysteine and copper in the filtered solution suggest that both are involved in the formation of the black precipitate observed in the filter.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: durante la infusión de una nutrición parenteral sin lípidos se observó un precipitado negro en el filtro. Hay hallazgos similares publicados en los que se han detectado cobre y azufre (proveniente de la cisteína) en la composición del precipitado. Objetivo: comprobar que la cisteína y el cobre intervienen en la formación del precipitado. Métodos: se tomaron muestras de la solución de nutrición parenteral antes y después de su paso por el filtro. Se analizaron en ambas muestras las concentraciones de aminoácidos mediante cromatografía de intercambio iónico y derivatización post-columna con ninhidrina en un equipo Biochrom 30 y las de cobre mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica en un equipo PerkinElmer AAnalyst™ 200. Resultados: las concentraciones de cisteína y cobre en la solución disminuyeron en un 29,3% y 75,9%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la disminución de las concentraciones de cisteína y cobre en la solución filtrada sugieren que ambos están involucrados en la formación del precipitado negro observado en el filtro.

Use of Electronic Versus Print Textbooks by Chilean Dental Students: A National Survey.

Electronic textbooks have become available in recent decades as replacements or alternatives for print versions. The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to evaluate the use of electronic versus print textbooks by Chilean dental students. The target population was students from 14 Chilean dental schools. The questionnaire was adapted and translated to Spanish from a previous survey used in a similar study. It consisted of the following variables: preferred type, type used, frequency of use, source, electronic devices used to read, and disposal after use. The use of textbooks was analyzed and compared by gender and course (p≤0.05). The final sample consisted of 3,256 students (21.38±2.5 years of age, 50.8% women). Most of the participants reported using both types of texts, with most (63.9%) preferring print over electronic texts, including significantly more women (p<0.001) and first-year students (p<0.001). Most of the participants (82.8%), more women (p<0.001), and with variations over years of study (p<0.001) reported that they printed out their electronic texts, and 91.8% kept their printed material. Most of the students used electronic books on a daily basis (47.3%) or at least twice a week (30.7%). The main source of electronic textbooks was the Internet (43.8%). A personal computer was the most widely used device for reading electronic texts (95.0%), followed by a cell phone (46.4%) and a tablet (24.5%). Overall, these Chilean dental students preferred print over electronic textbooks, despite having available electronic devices.

Pain detection by clinical questionnaire in patients referred for temporomandibular disorders in a Chilean hospital / Detección de dolor mediante cuestionario clínico en pacientes derivados por trastornos temporomandibulares en un hospital chileno

To determine pain frequency by means of a clinical screening questionnaire in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) referred to the general Hospital of Valdivia (HBV) between September and December 2014. Material and method: A descriptive study, which included patients referred to the TMD Unit of the dental service at HBV between September and December 2014, was carried out. A clinical screening questionnaire was applied by an examiner in order to detect painful Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. The variables age, sex, wait time, and presence of related TMD pain were measured. Results: 101 patients were surveyed; 88.17 percent (84 patients) were women. Average age was 33.5 (11-70) years; 66 percent of patients had mandibular pain or stiffness upon awakening; 80 percent informed pain related to painful TMD. Conclusion: Most surveyed patients were women. Pain was highly frequent in the surveyed population; its main location was in temporal areas...

Determinar la frecuencia de dolor mediante un cuestionario de detección clínico en pacientes derivados por sospecha de trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) al Hospital Base de Valdivia (HBV) entre septiembre y diciembre del 2014. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo que incluyó a pacientes derivados a la especialidad de TTM del servicio dental del HBV entre Septiembre y Diciembre del 2014. Un examinador aplicó un cuestionario clínico para detectar TTM dolorosos. Se midieron las variables edad, sexo, tiempo de espera y presencia de dolor asociado a TTM doloroso. Resultados: Se encuestaron 101 pacientes. El 83.17 por ciento (84 pacientes) fueron mujeres. El promedio de edad fue 33.5 (11-70) años. 66 por ciento de los pacientes han presentado dolor o rigidez mandibular al despertar; 80 por ciento presentó dolor asociado a TTM doloroso. Conclusión: La mayoría de los encuestados son mujeres. El dolor tiene una alta frecuencia en la población encuestada, se presenta principalmente en áreas temporales...

Periodontal status of teeth restored with crowns and their contralateral homologues, Valdivia. Chile / Estado periodontal de dientes rehabilitados con prótesis fija unitaria y sus homólogos contralaterales, Valdivia - Chile

To determine periodontal status of fixed single prostheses (FSP) installed in 2013 at Austral University of Chile, and its contralateral homologue (CH). Methods: A group of patients with FSP installed during 2013, who met the selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study were evaluated. Probing depth, attachment level; bleeding on probing and dental plaque index for each FSP and CH were measured in 2014; biological width invasion was also evaluated. One FSP and one CH were measured per patient, and in 6 sites for each tooth. Results: Seventy-four patients were evaluated. The majority were women (73 percent); posterior teeth accounted for 63.5 percent. The majority of participants had history of previous periodontal disease (85.1 percent), of which 58.7 percent was Periodontitis. Six of the patients with a history of gingivitis progressed to periodontitis (23.07 percent); while 100 percent of patients with no history of periodontal disease maintained their condition. Only 4 of the FSP evaluated showed biological invasion width. Discussion: Similar results were found for FSP and CH teeth with respect to probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. However, a difference in relation to dental plaque index was observed: positive in 58.1percent CH and positive in 29.7 percent FSP. Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that the periodontal status of teeth with FSP does not differ from CH...

Objetivo: Determinar el estado periodontal de los dientes rehabilitados con prótesis fija unitaria (PFU) realizadas el año 2013 en Universidad Austral de Chile, y la de su homólogo contralateral (HCL). Material y método: Se evaluaron los pacientes con PFU realizadas durante el 2013 que cumplieron con los criterios de selección y aceptaron participar. Se midió durante el año 2014: profundidad al sondaje, nivel de inserción, sangramiento al sondaje e índice de placa para cada PFUy HCL; y se consignó invasión del ancho biológico. Se midió una PFU y un HCL por cada paciente, y 6 sitios por cada diente. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se evaluaron 74 pacientes de los cuales 73 por ciento fueronmujeres. El 63,5 por ciento de los dientes evaluados fueron posteriores. El 85,1 por ciento tenía antecedentes de enfermedad periodontal previa, de los cuales el 58,7 por ciento correspondió aPeriodontitis. De los pacientes con antecedentes de gingivitis, 6 progresaron a periodontitis (23,07 por ciento); mientras que el 100 por ciento de los pacientes sin antecedentes de enfermedad periodontal mantuvieron su condición. Sólo 4 de las PFU evaluadas tenían Invasión del ancho biológico.Discusión: Se encontraron resultados similares entre PFU y HCL para las variables profundidad al sondaje,nivel de inserción clínica y sangramiento al sondaje. Sinembargo, hubo diferencias en índice de placa, positivo en un 58,1 por ciento de los HCL y en un 29,7 por ciento, de las PFU. Bajo las condiciones del presente estudio se concluye que el estado periodontal de los dientes rehabilitados con PFU no difiere del estado de los HCL...

Choice of electronic v/s printed documents by southern Chilean dental students / Uso de documentos electrónicos v/s impresos por estudiantes de odontología del sur de Chile

In recent decades, the use of digital texts has replaced printed documents. This has generated changes in the way texts are presented and diffused as well as the students’ choice and the way of reading materials related to medicine. While some reports have evaluated the use of digital compared to print formats, there is no evidence about dental students’ preferences. The objective of this study is to determine preferences among dental students from six universities in the south of Chile for using printed versus electronic documents. A descriptive study based on a survey which was conducted among dental students in May and June, 2013, was designed. The proposed survey was adapted for collecting general student data and preferences for using electronic or traditional printed documents. Six schools and a total of 1,022 students, with an average age of 21.4 years, participated. A 93.3 percent of them reported using both types of documents. However, a 59.7 percent preferred printed documents. Only a 9.3 percent read documents directly from an electronic device. Students overwhelmingly preferred using printed documents than the electronic type. It is imperative to investigate the impact of new learning technologies in Chilean dental education.

El uso de textos en formato digital ha reemplazado en las últimas décadas el uso de documentos impresos, generando cambios en la disposición y difusión de éstos como también en la elección de los estudiantes y la forma de lectura de materias relacionadas con la medicina. Si bien existen reportes que valoran el uso de formato digital en comparación a textos impresos, no existe evidencia de las preferencias en estudiantes de Odontología. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la preferencia de uso de documentos en formato impreso versus electrónico en estudiantes de odontología de seis universidades del sur de Chile. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo basado en una encuesta aplicada a estudiantes de Odontología entre mayo y junio del año 2013. Se adaptó la encuesta propuesta para ello, recolectando datos generales del estudiante, preferencia de uso de documentos electrónicos y documentos tradicionales impresos. Participaron seis escuelas, con un total de 1.022 estudiantes con un promedio de edad de 21.4 años. El 93.3 por ciento declara usar ambos tipos de documentos, sin embargo, el 59.7 por ciento prefieren el uso de documentos impresos versus documentos electrónicos. Sólo el 9.3 por ciento lee directamente los documentos desde un dispositivo electrónico. Los estudiantes prefieren mayoritariamente el uso de documentos impresos por sobre los de tipo electrónicos. Es perentorio investigar el impacto de nuevas tecnologías de aprendizaje en la educación odontológica chilena.

Estado de salud oral de niños y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual en una población chilena, 2012 / Oral health status of intellectually disabled school children and adolescents, in a Chilean population, 2012

Objetivo: Determinar el estado de salud oral de niños y adolescentes con Discapacidad Intelectual (DI) de establecimientos educacionales municipales, Valdivia, Chile, 2012.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo. Se evaluó una muestra de estudiantes de establecimientos educacionales municipales acerca de historia de caries (dientes permanentes Cariados, Obturados, Perdidos (COPD)/ dientes temporales cariados, extraídos, obturados (ceod)), calidad de higiene (Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado, IHO-S) y estado gingival (Índice Gingival, IG). Además, se interrogó acerca de hábitos de higiene, grado de discapacidad intelectual, presencia de enfermedades sistémicas y consumo de medicamentos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 195 estudiantes de 6-21 años (promedio 13 años) con DI leve a moderada. El COPD/ceod promedio fue de 2.19/1.33 para mujeres y de 1.59/1.93 para hombres. El IHO-S en el 75.9 por ciento de los participantes fue regular, encontrándose peor higiene oral en participantes con DI moderada. Sólo un 2.6 por ciento presentó código 0 para el IG, reflejando pobre higiene oral. La mayoría de los participantes poseía cepillo de dientes propio (88.2 por ciento) y se cepillaban sin ayuda (96.4 por ciento).Conclusión: El estado de salud oral de la población evaluada es deficiente. La calidad de higiene oral es regular o mala, lo que conlleva un pobre estado de salud gingival.

Aim: To determine the oral health status of intellectually disabled (ID) children and adolescents from state schools, Valdivia, Chile, 2012.Design: Descriptive study. A sample of students from state schools was assessed for caries history (Decayed, Missing, Filled permanent Teeth (DMFT)/decayed, extracted, filled temporal teeth (deft)), quality of oral hygiene (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, OHI-S) and gingival health (Gingival Index, GI). In addition, questions were asked about dental care habits, degree of ID, presence of systemic disease and medicine use. Results: 195 students with slight to moderate ID and aged from 6 to 21 years were assessed. The average DMFT/deft was 2.19/1.33 for female students and 1.59/1.93 for male students. The OHI-S in 75.9 percent of participants was moderate, with poorer oral hygiene found in participants with moderate ID. Only 2.6 percent showed code 0 for GI, reflecting poor oral hygiene. Most participants possessed their own toothbrush (88.2 percent and could clean their teeth unaided (96.4 percent).Conclusion: The state of oral health in the assessed population is deficient. The quality of oral hygiene is normal or poor, which leads to poor gingival health.

Dental students' evaluations of an interactive histology software.

This study assessed dental students' evaluations of a new Interactive Histology Software (IHS) developed by the authors and compared students' assessment of the extent to which this new software, as well as other histology teaching methods, supported their learning. The IHS is a computer-based tool for histology learning that presents high-resolution images of histology basics as well as specific oral histologies at different magnifications and with text labels. Survey data were collected from 204 first-year dental students at the Universidad Austral de Chile. The survey consisted of questions for the respondents to evaluate the characteristics of the IHS and the contribution of various teaching methods to their histology learning. The response rate was 85 percent. Student evaluations were positive for the design, usability, and theoretical-practical integration of the IHS, and the students reported they would recommend the method to future students. The students continued to value traditional teaching methods for histological lab work and did not think this new technology would replace traditional methods. With respect to the contribution of each teaching method to students' learning, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found for an evaluation of IHS, light microscopy, and slide presentations. However, these student assessments were significantly more positive than the evaluations of other digital or printed materials. Overall, the students evaluated the IHS very positively in terms of method quality and contribution to their learning; they also evaluated use of light microscopy and teacher slide presentations positively.

Tumor del cuerpo carotídeo: Presentación de un caso por ecografía y resonancia magnética / Carotid body tumor: A case presentation with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging

El tumor de cuerpo carotídeo, que se origina en los quimiorreceptores de dicha estructura, representa hasta el 50% de los paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello. En forma frecuente, constituye un hallazgo incidental (asintomático), aunque en algunos casos los pacientes pueden consultar por una masa indolora, ronquera, paresia lingual y/o disfagia. Sus características imagenológicas permiten una aproximación diagnóstica no invasiva con altos índices de sensibilidad y especificidad, por lo que su conocimiento facilita la conducta clínico-terapéutica. Se presenta un caso clínico que resulta particularmente elocuente para la práctica diaria, ya que la paciente tiene antecedentes quirúrgicos por patología tiroidea maligna, hecho que precisa una aproximación diagnóstica estricta para su correcto seguimiento.

The carotid body tumor, which arises from its chief cells (glomus type 1), is the most common paraganglioma of the head and neck (up to 50%). This tumor is in most cases clinically silent and is detected incidentally at imaging study during evaluation of patients with unrelated symptoms such as painless, slowly growing lateral neck mass, dysphagia, sleep apnea, and paresia or atrophy of the tongue. According to its appearance, precise non-invasive imaging techniques may allow the radiologist to reach the correct diagnosis and treatment. The following case report is particularly useful for daily practice; the patient has surgical history of tiroid neoplasm which requires a thorough diagnosis, in order to determine an accurate follow-up.