ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Após perda ponderal maciça, as pacientes apresentam alterações mamárias, como flacidez, ptose em graus variados e polo superior vazio. Diferentes técnicas de mamoplastia são empregadas para dar forma ao cone mamário e reposicionar o complexo aréolo-papilar (CAP). Neste trabalho, avaliamos diferentes abordagens cirúrgicas preenchendo as necessidades de cada caso. MÉTODO: Vinte e cinco pacientes submetidas à gastroplastia antes da mamoplastia foram analisadas. As técnicas utilizadas foram (1) mastopexia sem prótese e retalho inferior; (2) mastopexia sem prótese e pedículo areolado inferior; (3) mastopexia com prótese com cobertura pelo retalho inferior; (4) mastopexia com prótese com plicatura de retalhos cruzados (jaquetão). RESULTADOS: A média do IMC antes da mamoplastia foi de 26,6 (variando de 21,6 a 31,2). Todas as pacientes submetidas à cirurgia consideraram o resultado bom ou ótimo. Em avaliação por observador cego às técnicas empregadas, os resultados foram considerados bons com relação à forma da mama, correção da ptose e preenchimento do polo superior. Uma paciente submetida à mastopexia com prótese com retalhos cruzados apresentou seroma e contratura capsular subsequente, necessitando capsulectomia. Oito pacientes apresentaram deiscências: sete, na junção dos retalhos cutâneos no sulco inframamário, e uma na vertical, unilateralmente, resolvidas por cicatrização por segunda intenção. Não houve caso de necrose ou epiteliólise do CAP. CONCLUSÃO: Empregando-se diferentes técnicas de mamoplastia, individualizadas caso a caso, foram obtidos resultados agradáveis, alcançando satisfação das pacientes. Fatores, como distância fúrcula-papila, necessidade de elevação do CAP, volume mamário pré-mamoplastia e desejo de aumento de volume pela paciente, influenciam a escolha da técnica cirúrgica.
INTRODUCTION: After massive weight loss, patients present with various mammary changes, such as sagging, different grades of ptosis, and empty upper pole. Different mammoplasty techniques are used to shape the mammary cone and to reposition the nipple-areolar complex (NAC). In this study, we evaluate how different surgical approaches can satisfy the requirements of each patient. METHOD: Twenty-five patients who underwent mammoplasty following gastroplasty were analyzed. The mammoplasty techniques used were (1) mastopexy without implant with inferior flap; (2) mastopexy without implant with inferior areolar pedicle; (3) mastopexy with implant and coverage by inferior flap; (4) mastopexy with implant and plication of cross flaps (jacket procedure). RESULTS: The average body mass index (BMI) before mammoplasty was 26.6 (ranging from 21.6 to 31.2). All patients who underwent this surgery rated the outcome obtained as good or great. In an evaluation carried out by an observer unaware of the techniques employed, the results obtained were considered to be satisfactory for breast shape, correction of breast ptosis, and filling of the upper pole. One patient who underwent mastopexy with implants and cross flaps developed seroma and subsequent capsular contracture, which required capsulectomy. Eight patients developed unilateral dehiscence: seven at the junction of skin flap in the inframammary fold, and one vertically, which were resolved with healing by secondary intention. No cases of necrosis or NAC epitheliosis were observed. CONCLUSION: Using different mammoplasty techniques, which were personalized and analyzed on a case-by-case basis, good outcomes and a high level of patient satisfaction were achieved. Various factors, such as the furcula-papilla distance, the need to lift the NAC, pre-mammoplasty breast volume and the patient's desire to increase breast volume, influence the choice of the surgical technique.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Prostheses and Implants , Surgery, Plastic , Breast , Weight Loss , Retrospective Studies , Mammaplasty , Evaluation Study , Bariatric Surgery , Body Contouring , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Breast/surgery , Mammaplasty/methods , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Body Contouring/adverse effects , Body Contouring/methodsABSTRACT
Introdução: Tradicionalmente, múltiplas anomalias podem causar as orelhas proeminentes e foram desenvolvidas técnicas específicas para o tratamento de cada deformidade. Neste trabalho, testou-se uma abordagem única para alcançar resultados favoráveis. Método: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os pacientes submetidos a otoplastia bilateral entre junho de 2010 e Dezembro de 2012, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - técnica convencional de Mustardé e Grupo 2 - Refinamento da técnica de Mustardé. Para comparação foram coletados os dados referentes às complicações precoces, tardias, à necessidade de reoperação e ao grau de satisfação do paciente. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: No Grupo 1 foram incluídos 9 pacientes tratados com a técnica tradicional de Mustardé. Houve um caso de extrusão de pontos (11,11%). Sete pacientes ficaram muito satisfeitos, um satisfeito e um insatisfeito por correção insuficiente, sendo reoperado. No Grupo 2 foram incluídos 19 pacientes submetidos a uma variação da técnica de Mustardé com 3 suturas no terço médio da orelha, rotacionando posteriormente o vértice da antélice. Houve um caso de infecção bilateral (5,26%). Dezessete pacientes ficaram muito satisfeitos, um satisfeito e outro insatisfeito por correção insuficiente, sendo reoperado. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: A identificação da alteração básica relacionada com orelhas proeminentes permite uma abordagem única, de fácil aprendizado e execução, com resultados de aparência natural e elevado grau de satisfação do paciente.
Introduction: Traditionally, multiple abnormalities can cause prominent ears, and specific techniques have been developed for the treatment of each abnormality. In this study, we tested a single approach aimed at achieving satisfactory outcomes. Method: Patients submitted to bilateral otoplasty, between June 2010 and December 2012, were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups: group 1 patients submitted to the conventional Mustardé technique and group 2 those who underwent the modified Mustardé technique. For comparison, we collected data relating to early and late complications, requirement for a new surgery, and degree of patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test. Results: Group 1 included nine patients treated with the conventional Mustardé technique. A case of suture extrusion (11.11%) was observed. Seven patients reported to be very satisfied, one satisfied, and one dissatisfied because of insufficient correction and a subsequent need for a second surgery. Group 2 included 19 patients submitted to the modified Mustardé technique, which involved three sutures in the middle third of the ear and the posterior rotation of the vertex of the antihelix. One case of bilateral infection (5.26%) was observed. Seventeen patients reported to be very satisfied, one satisfied, and another dissatisfied because of insufficient correction, thus needing to undergo a second surgery. No statistical difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The identification of the basic abnormality associated with prominent ears allows performing a single approach that is easy to learn and implement, in addition to providing good outcome (i.e., natural appearance) and a high degree of patient satisfaction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Plastic , Comparative Study , Retrospective Studies , Evaluation Study , Ear Deformities, Acquired , Ear, External , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Ear Deformities, Acquired/surgery , Ear Deformities, Acquired/pathology , Ear, External/abnormalities , Ear, External/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute swelling of the parotid glands after general anesthesia has become known as anesthesia mumps. Its cause is unknown. Only one case of postsurgical parotitis without general anesthesia is reported. This report describes three cases in this setting after plastic surgery. CASE 1: A 37-year-old women underwent breast surgery and abdominoplasty with a dual thoracic/lumbar epidural block (bupivacaine 0.5 %). The operative time totaled almost 6 h. Subsequently, 4 h after surgery, the patient experienced painless bilateral parotid swelling without palpable crepitus. The edema resolved completely within 12 h under clinical observation and parenteral hydration. CASE 2: A 45-year-old patient received subglandular breast implants and body contouring with liposuction, all with the patient under a dual thoracic/lumbar epidural block with 0.5 % marcaine. The total surgical time was 5 h. Subsequently, 3 h after surgery, the patient experienced a similar clinical presentation. The problem resolved completely in 36 h with clinical observation and parenteral hydration. CASE 3: A 30-year-old patient received a subglandular breast implant and underwent liposuction of the outer thighs using a dual thoracic/lumbar epidural block with lidocaine 1 %. The duration of surgery was 1 h. Subsequently, 5 h postoperatively, the patient experienced a similar clinical presentation. Dexamethasone and parenteral hydration were administered. The problem resolved completely in 48 h without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of parotitis in patients undergoing surgery under epidural anesthesia is a novel situation, which increases the range of possible etiologies for this little known condition. Dehydration leading to transient parotid secretion obstruction may play a significant role. Further reports of parotitis occurring in the regional anesthesia setting are expected to help elucidate its pathophysiology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Parotitis/etiology , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Adult , Dehydration/complications , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Patient Positioning , Postoperative Complications/etiologyABSTRACT
Introdução: Blefaroespasmo essencial é bilateral, progressivo e pode levar a cegueira funcional. Predomina em pacientes do sexo feminino e sua causa é desconhecida. Relato do Caso: Paciente de 52 anos, com espasmos palpebrais progressivos em dois anos de evolução, recebeu cinco aplicações de toxina botulínica, com resposta apenas após as primeiras infiltrações. Na avaliação inicial, apresentava fenda palpebral com abertura voluntária máxima de 2 mm. Foi submetida à ressecção de um fuso de pele da pálpebra superior contendo o músculo orbicular e, pela mesma via de acesso, foram ressecados os músculos corrugadores, com preservação dos nervos supra-orbitários e supratrocleares. No pós-operatório, evoluiu com abertura voluntária máxima da fenda palpebral de 12 mm. Com cinco meses de pós-operatório, houve recidiva parcial, com fenda palpebral de 8 mm. Submetida a tratamento com toxina botulínica, em menor dose, apresentou abertura de 10 mm. Conclusão: Esta técnica cirúrgica alternativa para o tratamento do blefaroespasmo demonstrou resultado semelhante às técnicas descritas na literatura, porém ressecando os músculos orbiculares apenas superiormente e os corrugadores pela mesma via de acesso palpebral, preservando a inervação da região frontal.
Background: Essential blepharospasm is bilateral, progressive and can lead to functional blindness. It predominates in female patients and its cause is unknown. Case report: A52-year patient, with progressive eyelid spasms along two years of evolution, received five applications of botulinum toxin, responding only to the first ones. In the initial evaluation she showed a palpebral fissure of 2 mm with maximum voluntary opening. She was submitted to resection of an ellipse of skin of upper eyelid along with the orbicular muscle and, by thesame surgical access, the corrugators muscles were resected, with preservation of the supra-orbitaland supra-trochlear nerves. In the postoperative period, she evolved with maximum voluntary opening of the palpebral fissure of 12 mm. With five months postoperatively, there was partial recurrence, with palpebral fissure of 8 mm. Receiving botulinum toxin on lower dose, she presented opening of 10 mm. Conclusion: This alternative surgical technique for treatment of blepharospasm showed a similar result to the techniques described in the literature, however resecting the orbicularis muscle only superiorly and the corrugators by the same surgical approach, preserving the innervations of the frontal region.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Blepharospasm/surgery , Eyelid Diseases/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles , Orbit/surgery , Eyelids/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , PatientsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The formation of seromas after abdominoplasty is a highly prevalent complication that disturbs both the patient and the surgeon. Aspiratory drainage and adhesion sutures (Baroudi suture) are widely used to prevent this complication. This study evaluated the effectiveness of drains in preventing seromas. METHODS: This retrospective study investigated women submitted to classic abdominoplasty with adhesion sutures. The women were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised 28 individuals who received no drains, and group 2 consisted of 32 patients that had drains placed. Clinical evaluation of the patients was performed 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was accomplished via Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Group 1 had one case of seroma (3.5%), clinically detected between the first and second postoperative months, whereas group 2 had one case (3.12%) detected 14 days postoperatively. Fisher's test showed a P value of 1.000 (not statistically significant), for a 95% confidence interval of 0.05 to 14.08 and an odds ratio of 0.8387. Clinical evaluation showed no statistical difference in the incidence of seromas after abdominoplasty with adhesion sutures between the patients who received drains and those who did not. CONCLUSION: The use of adhesion sutures is an effective measure for preventing seromas with no need for additional surgical measures.
Subject(s)
Abdomen/surgery , Drainage/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Seroma/prevention & control , Suture Techniques/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Seroma/etiology , Seroma/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introdução: A formação de seroma pós-abdominoplastia é uma complicação que incomoda paciente e cirurgião. O uso da drenagem aspirativa e a utilização de pontos de adesão (Pontos de Baroudi) são estratégias utilizadas para prevenir essa complicação. Este trabalho avalia a necessidade de drenos na prevenção do seroma em abdominoplastias com pontos de adesão. Método: Avaliação de todas as pacientes submetidas à abdominoplastia clássica com pontos de adesão, entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2007. Grupo 1 composto de 28 indivíduos nos quais não foram utilizados drenos; grupo 2 constou de 32 pacientes nos quais foram empregados drenos. A avaliação clínica dos pacientes foi realizada aos sete dias, duas semanas, um mês, dois, quatro e seis meses de pós-operatório. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: No grupo 1, houve um (3,5%) caso de seroma, clinicamente detectado entre o primeiro e o segundo mês pós-operatório, enquanto que no grupo 2, houve um (3,12%) caso diagnosticado aos 14 dias de pós-operatório. O teste de Fisher mostrou um valor de p de 1,000, estatisticamente não significativo para um intervalo de confiança de 95% (0,05-14,08), e odds ratio de 0,8387. A avaliação clínica não demonstrou diferença estatística entre a utilização de drenos ou não na incidência de seroma em pacientes submetidos à abdominoplastia com pontos de adesão. Conclusão: A utilização dos pontos de adesão é uma medida eficaz para prevenir a formação de seroma, sem a necessidade de medidas cirúrgicas adicionais.
Introduction: The formation of seroma in post-abdominoplasty is a highly prevalent complicationthat upsets both the patient and the surgeon. Aspiratory drainage and adhesion suture(Baroudi suture) are widely employed strategies for prevention of this complication. This study evaluates the need for drains in the prevention of seroma in abdominoplasty with adhesion suture. Method: Evaluation of all patients who underwent classic abdominoplasty with adhesion suture between January 2006 and December 2007. Group 1 comprised 28 individuals with whom no drains were used; group 2 consisted of 32 patients for whom drains were employed. Clinical evaluation of the patients was performed seven days, two weeks, one month, two, four and six months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was accomplished by means of the Fisher exact test. Results: In group 1 there was one (3.5%) case of seroma, clinically detected between the first and second postoperative month, whereas in group 2 there was one (3.12%) case detected 14 days postoperatively. Fishers test showed a p valueof 1.000, not statistically significant for a confidence interval of 95% (0.05-14.08), and odds ratio of 0.8387. Clinical evaluation revealed no statistical difference between the use of drains or not in the incidence of seroma in patients submitted to abdominoplasty with adhesion suture. Conclusion: The use of adhesion suture is an effective measure to prevent the formation of seroma, without the need for additional surgical measures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Abdomen/surgery , Soil Flood-Bypass Channel , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Seroma/prevention & control , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , Methods , Patients , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresABSTRACT
O cirurgião plástico se depara com muitas situações de carência de tecido para o fechamento de falhas intr- orais. Oretalho miomucoso do bucinador é uma forma plausível de manipular grande quantidade de mucosa vascularizada dentro da cavidade oral, porém com cicatriz externa, devido ao duplo acesso. Visando à diminuição deste estigma, foi utilizado o retalho miomucoso em ilha do músculo bucinador (RMBI) com base no pedículo anterior usando apenas acesso intra-oral. Duas pacientes, adultas (14 e 18 anos), do sexo feminino, apresentando fístula oronasal anterior de 2 cm x 2,5 cm e 2 cm x 3cm, seqüela de fenda labial e palatina completa, foram operadas. Previamente, foram realizadas dissecções em cadáveres para aperfeiçoar a técnica. A indicação do RMBI foi decorrente da vascularização abundante, de sua extensão, de sua largura e, principalmente, de seu arco de rotação possível de 180 graus, possibilitando a transferência para o palato duro. A incisão intr-oral permite uma boa dissecção e liberação do retalho, sem comprometimento da artéria labial, e sem a cicatriz da abordagem transcutânea. Encontramos o retalho miomucoso de pedículo anterior a melhor alternativa para as grandes reconstruções de seqüelas na região anterior do palato. Este retalho pode ser utilizado bilateralmente, além de se prestar para reconstruções de outros segmentos intra e extracavitários, como reconstrução de lábio, sem seqüelas funcionais ou estéticas importantes.