Smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Smoking has been recognized as a significant risk factor for COVID-19 and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended smoking cessation to reduce the impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the smoking cessation rate of patients starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment at six months using motivational interviewing based on the WHO "five steps to quit" model. In addition, we assessed the knowledge about smoking and the barriers to smoking cessation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Outpatients aged >18 years, smokers, and those who are starting TB treatment in two outpatient TB clinics were invited to participate. Patients received information about the importance of smoking cessation, especially in TB patients, and standardized advice based on guidelines. This information was repeated during phone calls during the second and fourth months of treatment. During the study period, 111 patients were included. The primary outcome was the smoking cessation rate at the end of the sixth month of treatment, which was 26.8% (19/71). The barriers to smoking cessation described by the patients were anxiety/depression (47.4%), seeing someone smoking (38.5%), drug use (19.2%), and alcohol abuse (2.6%). The assessment of knowledge about smoking showed that patients had some information gaps. In conclusion, TB smokers who tried to quit smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic faced many challenges. Despite this, we demonstrated a reasonable smoking cessation rate with a nurse-conducted motivational interview.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of galactomannan from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Background:Several studies to evaluate the accuracy of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a diagnostic tool have been carried out; however, there are still controversies about the optimal cut-off point of BALF GM.Aims:The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and the optimal cut-off point on BALF GM from patients with suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a tertiary care hospital.Methods:A cross-sectional study with 188 patients (≥18 years) that had undergone a bronchoscopy with BAL due to suspected IPA was carried out. IPA was diagnosed according to the EORTC/MSG guidelines.Results:The optimal optical density cut-off point for BALF GM was 0.67, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 70%, 32.3%, and 100%, respectively.Conclusions:BALF GM detection proved to be a useful supplementary technique in the early diagnosis of IPA in both neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. (AU)

Antecedentes:Diversos estudios han evaluado la precisión del galactomanano (GM) como herramienta diagnóstica en el líquido de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA); sin embargo, todavía existen controversias sobre el punto de corte óptimo de LBA GM.Objetivos:El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la precisión diagnóstica y el punto de corte óptimo en LBA GM de pacientes con sospecha de aspergilosis pulmonar invasora (API) en un hospital de tercer nivel.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que fueron incluidos 188 pacientes (≥18años) a los que se les había realizado una broncoscopia con LBA por sospecha de API. La API se diagnosticó de acuerdo con las guías EORTC/MSG.Resultados:El punto de corte óptimo para el valor densidad óptica de LBA GM fue de 0,67, con sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo del 100%, 70%, 32,3% y 100%, respectivamente. (AU)ConclusionesLa detección de GM en LBA demostró ser un procedimiento útil en el diagnóstico precoz de la API, tanto en pacientes neutropénicos como en no neutropénicos.

Screening for Tuberculosis in Migrants: A Survey by the Global Tuberculosis Network.

Tuberculosis (TB) does not respect borders, and migration confounds global TB control and elimination. Systematic screening of immigrants from TB high burden settings and-to a lesser degree TB infection (TBI)-is recommended in most countries with a low incidence of TB. The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of a diverse group of international health professionals on TB management among migrants. Participants expressed their level of agreement using a six-point Likert scale with different statements in an online survey available in English, French, Mandarin, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian. The survey consisted of eight sections, covering TB and TBI screening and treatment in migrants. A total of 1055 respondents from 80 countries and territories participated between November 2019 and April 2020. The largest professional groups were pulmonologists (16.8%), other clinicians (30.4%), and nurses (11.8%). Participants generally supported infection control and TB surveillance established practices (administrative interventions, personal protection, etc.), while they disagreed on how to diagnose and manage both TB and TBI, particularly on which TBI regimens to use and when patients should be hospitalised. The results of this first knowledge, attitude and practice study on TB screening and treatment in migrants will inform public health policy and educational resources.

Coronavirus Disease-19: An Interim Evidence Synthesis of the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (Waidid).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving, highly transmissible, and potentially lethal pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of June 11 2020, more than 7,000,000 COVID-19 cases have been reported worldwide, and more than 400,000 patients have died, affecting at least 188 countries. While literature on the disease is rapidly accumulating, an integrated, multinational perspective on clinical manifestations, immunological effects, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19 can be of global benefit. We aimed to synthesize the most relevant literature and experiences in different parts of the world through our global consortium of experts to provide a consensus-based document at this early stage of the pandemic.

Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in hospitalized patients in a high TB and HIV burden setting: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The most essential components of TB control are early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis may result in more extensive disease and more complications, increase severity of the disease and is associated with higher risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis of TB in hospitalized patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a general, tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital. Adult patients with TB that were hospitalized were identified retrospectively, and risk factors for delayed diagnosis were collected. RESULTS: The median delay until diagnosis was 6 days (IQR: 2-12 days). One hundred and sixty six (54.4%) patients were diagnosed ≤ 6 days, and 139 (45.6%) > 6 days after admission. The main factors associated with diagnostic delay (> 6 days) were extra-pulmonary TB and negative sputum smear. CONCLUSIONS: Although hospitalization permits a rapid management of the patient and favors a faster diagnosis, we found an unacceptable time delay before the diagnosis of pulmonary TB was made. Future studies should focus on attempt to explain the reasons of diagnostic retard in the patients with the characteristics related to delay in this study.