ABSTRACT
Follow-up of children with delayed language development underscores the fact that, in several cases, language difficulties coexist with other symptoms such as social behavior changes. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language specific disorder (LSD) are developmental disorders that are defined differently, but have some common language and social behavior characteristics which impose diagnostic difficulties. For this reason it is believed that they may share not only symptomatic but also ethiological aspects. With that in mind, we performed a literature search of works that discussed and, with their results, clarified this issue. Although several studies have allowed clearer and frequent diagnosis of both ASD and LSD, many cases persist in which the question in this article's title cannot be clearly answered, especially in children younger than two years of age.
Subject(s)
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Age Factors , Child , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Communication Disorders/physiopathology , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology , Male , Social Behavior Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Follow-up of children with delayed language development underscores the fact that, in several cases, language difficulties coexist with other symptoms such as social behavior changes. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language specific disorder (LSD) are developmental disorders that are defined differently, but have some common language and social behavior characteristics which impose diagnostic difficulties. For this reason it is believed that they may share not only symptomatic but also ethiological aspects. With that in mind, we performed a literature search of works that discussed and, with their results, clarified this issue. Although several studies have allowed clearer and frequent diagnosis of both ASD and LSD, many cases persist in which the question in this articles title cannot be clearly answered, especially in children younger than two years of age.
Subject(s)
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Age Factors , Child , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Communication Disorders/physiopathology , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology , Male , Social Behavior Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Follow-up of children with delayed language development underscores the fact that, in several cases, language difficulties coexist with other symptoms such as social behavior changes. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language specific disorder (LSD) are developmental disorders that are defined differently, but have some common language and social behavior characteristics which impose diagnostic difficulties. For this reason it is believed that they may share not only symptomatic but also ethiological aspects. With that in mind, we performed a literature search of works that discussed and, with their results, clarified this issue. Although several studies have allowed clearer and frequent diagnosis of both ASD and LSD, many cases persist in which the question in this articles title cannot be clearly answered, especially in children younger than two years of age.
Subject(s)
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Child , Early Diagnosis , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Male , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/physiopathology , Communication Disorders/physiopathology , Social Behavior Disorders/physiopathology , Language Development Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
A cohort study was conducted with a random sample of 33 healthy infants evaluated at birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 months to determine the frequency of respiratory rate changes in response to air blown over the face (diving reflex) in the first year of life, and to standardize the description of diving reflex occurrence. All 33 infants remained neurologically normal throughout follow-up. Diving reflex was observed in 95.3% of newborns and in 100% of infants between 2 and 6 months of age. At 6 months, it started to decrease but persisted in 90% of the infants up to 12 months. The diving reflex is highly prevalent in the first year of life and can be easily elicited by applying a flow of air over the infant's face, particularly during crying.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Diving/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of delivery type and usual obstetric procedures on the neurologic condition of a sample of consecutive term and healthy neonates, in the first 48 hours of life, using the Neurologic Adaptative Capacity Score (NACS) system. METHODS: cohort prospective study with 313 neonates, from a neonatology unit: Unidade de Neonatologia e Alojamento Conjunto. The variables analyzed were obstetric variables; clinical outcome: low neurologic vigor phase, evaluated by NACS, at 4, 24 and 48 hours of life. The data have been assessed twice: once with the whole sample and the other comparing the Vigorous Group, whose neonates kept a score of 35 or more during the three evaluations, and the Low Vigor Group, with less than 35 scores during the three consecutive evaluations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been done. Possible associations between low neurologic vigor phase and the type of delivery, as well between the low neurologic vigor phase and obstetric variables have been searched. RESULTS: in the bivariate analysis, the delivery type and the obstetric variables were not associated with the low neurologic vigor phase. Nevertheless, the association between the amniotic fluid and the low neurologic vigor phase reached values very close to significance and, then, it was included in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable associated with low neurologic vigor was the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid, which has shown to be 8.1 times more risky for the neurologic scoring, when Vigorous Group and Low Vigor Group were compared. In the analysis of the whole sample, the same risk was 1.7. CONCLUSIONS: neither the delivery type, nor the usual obstetric procedures were associated with low neurologic vigor phase. This is useful information, clinically or legally speaking, mainly for obstetricians. According to this sample data, when the term neonate is healthy, the delivery type and the usual obstetric procedures have no impact in the neurologic condition.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Nervous System Physiological Phenomena , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do tipo de parto e dos procedimentos obstétricos usuais sobre o estado neurológico das primeiras 48 horas de vida, em uma amostra de recém-nascidos consecutivos a termo e saudáveis, usando um sistema de escores (NACS - Neurologic Adaptative Capacity Score). MÉTODOS: coorte prospectiva com 313 recém-nascidos de uma Unidade de Neonatologia e Alojamento Conjunto. As variáveis analisadas foram as obstétricas; o desfecho clínico - fase de baixo vigor neurológico, avaliada pelo NACS com 4, 24 e 48 horas de vida. Foram realizadas duas avaliações dos dados: uma com toda a amostra e outra comparando o Grupo Vigoroso, cujos recém-nascidos mantiveram-se com 35 ou mais pontos no NACS, versus Grupo de Baixo Vigor com menos de 35 pontos durante as três avaliações consecutivas. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariadas. Foram buscadas possíveis associações entre a fase de baixo vigor neurológico e o tipo de parto, bem como entre a fase de baixo vigor neurológico e as variáveis obstétricas. RESULTADOS: na análise bivariada, o tipo de parto e as variáveis obstétricas não estiveram associados com a fase de baixo vigor neurológico. Entretanto, a associação entre o aspecto do líquido amniótico e a fase de baixo vigor neurológico atingiu valores bem próximos da significância e, então, foi incluído na análise multivariada. Na análise multivariada, a única variável associada com baixo vigor neurológico foi a presença de líquido amniótico tinto de mecônio, que mostrou 8,1 vezes maior risco de baixa pontuação neurológica quando comparados o Grupo Vigoroso e o Grupo de Baixo Vigor. Na análise da amostra global, o mesmo risco foi de 1,7. CONCLUSÕES: nem o tipo de parto nem as manobras obstétricas usuais estiveram associados com fase de baixo vigor neurológico. Esta é uma informação útil, tanto do ponto de vista clínico quanto do médico-legal, especialmente para os obstetras. Pelos dados desta amostra, se o recém-nascido a termo...
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of delivery type and usual obstetric procedures on the neurologic condition of a sample of consecutive term and healthy neonates, in the first 48 hours of life, using the Neurologic Adaptative Capacity Score (NACS) system. METHODS: cohort prospective study with 313 neonates, from a neonatology unit: Unidade de Neonatologia e Alojamento Conjunto. The variables analyzed were obstetric variables; clinical outcome: low neurologic vigor phase, evaluated by NACS, at 4, 24 and 48 hours of life. The data have been assessed twice: once with the whole sample and the other comparing the Vigorous Group, whose neonates kept a score of 35 or more during the three evaluations, and the Low Vigor Group, with less than 35 scores during the three consecutive evaluations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been done. Possible associations between low neurologic vigor phase and the type of delivery, as well between the low neurologic vigor phase and obstetric variables have been searched. RESULTS: in the bivariate analysis, the delivery type and the obstetric variables were not associated with the low neurologic vigor phase. Nevertheless, the association between the amniotic fluid and the low neurologic vigor phase reached values very close to significance and, then, it was included in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable associated with low neurologic vigor was the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid, which has shown to be 8.1 times more risky for the neurologic scoring, when Vigorous Group and Low Vigor Group were compared. In the analysis of the whole sample, the same risk was 1.7. CONCLUSIONS: neither the delivery type, nor the usual obstetric procedures were associated with low neurologic vigor phase. This is useful information, clinically or legally speaking, mainly for obstetricians. According to this sample data, when the term neonate is healthy, the delivery type...
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Nervous System Physiological Phenomena , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e a ocorrência de elementos pré-linguísticos em crianças normais durante o primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 33 crianças nascidas a termo e normais, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, selecionadas aleatoriamente para um estudo de coorte. As informações, de acordo com as variáveis sorriso social, sons inarticulados, balbucio monossilábico, balbucio polissilábico, primeiras palavras/palavras-frase, jargão e frases, foram obtidas através do inquérito (informações dos pais), da observação espontânea do examinador e de estímulos facilitadores. RESULTADOS: A partir dos resultados obtidos, é possível estabelecer um padrão de desenvolvimento normal das manifestações pré-linguísticas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de revisar dados de avaliação de linguagem já estabelecidos por pesquisas realizadas no passado e as avaliações em uso atualmente.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and occurrence of pre-linguistic elements in normally developing infants during their first year of life. METHODS: The sample comprised 33 full-term normal children, born at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, randomly selected for a cohort study. The information regarding the variables social smile, inarticulate sounds, monosyllabic babbling, polysyllabic babbling, first words, jargon and sentences, were obtained through an inquiry (parental information), spontaneous observation by the examiner, and facilitating stimuli. RESULTS: These results set a pattern of normal development of pre-linguistic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the need to review language assessment data already established by previous studies and evaluations currently applied.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Cohort Studies , Language Development , PhoneticsABSTRACT
To analyze cranial growth and size of anterior fontanel during the first year of life, we undertook a cohort study with a sample of 33 infants assessed at birth and reexamined at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 months. Examination included assessment of head circumference, anterior fontanel size, anteroposterior distance, biauricular distance, and cephalic index. All infants were neurologically normal. Mean size of the anterior fontanel at birth was 1.77 cm(2) and, in disagreement with literature data, fontanel size increased up to 2 months of age; fontanel was closed at 1 year for 27.3% of infants. Significant differences in cranial anthropometry were not found in relation to method of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section), gender and gestational age. Our results indicate the need to reevaluate anthropometric examination data and to establish patterns of normality, particularly for miscegenated populations that have not been widely investigated.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Cranial Fontanelles/anatomy & histology , Cranial Fontanelles/growth & development , Age Factors , Anthropometry , Birth Weight , Body Height , Cephalometry , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Male , Reference Values , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Nos últimos anos, vários estudos propuseram a utilização da estimulação elétrica como forma de tratamento da paralisia cerebral(PC). Objetivo: Utilizando um delineamento do tipo antes e depois(within-subjects design) buscou-se avaliar os efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) nas habilidades motoras de criançascom PC do tipo diplegia espástica. Material e método: Doze pacientes(8 do sexo masculino, média de idade 6 anos) foram avaliados antese depois de 12 semanas de terapia utilizando EENM. As habilidades motoras foram avaliadas através da escala de função motora grossa(GMFM), parâmetros lineares da marcha e amplitude de movimento(ADM) de fl exão dorsal dos tornozelos. Resultados: A diferença entre as médias dos escores da GMFM foram estatisticamente signifi cativos (P = 0,032) quando comparados antes (73,1 ± 17,2)e depois (76,5 ± 16,3) da intervenção com EENM. Quando ospacientes foram classificados quanto à independência para marcha,o escore da GMFM permaneceu signifi cativo apenas nas crianças dependentes de auxílio para marcha (P = 0,045). O parâmetro decadência da marcha diferiu antes e depois da EENM no grupo decrianças independentes para marcha (P = 0,030). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que a EENM pode ser uma ferramenta complementarno manejo de crianças PC do tipo diplégica espástica.Os mecanismos pelos quais a EENM melhora a função motora nãoestão totalmente esclarecidos.
Introduction: For the last years, several studies have proposed theuse of electric stimulation as a valid therapy for cerebral palsy (CP).Aims: Using a within-subjects design, we set out to determine the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the motorskills of children with spastic diplegic CP. Materials and methods:Twelve patients (8 male, mean age 6 years), were evaluated beforeand after 12 weeks of therapy with NMES. Motor abilities were accomplished by using the gross motor function measure (GMFM),linear parameters of gait, and ankle dorsifl exion range of movement. Results: The mean scores of GMFM were significantly different (P =0.032) before (73.1 ± 17.2) and after (76.5 ± 16.3) the intervention with NMES. When patients were classified for gait dependence, the GMFM scores remained significant only for children dependent ofaid (P = 0.045). The cadence parameter of gait significantly differ before and after NMES in the group of CP children independent forgait (P = 0.030). Conclusions: Th is study demonstrated that NMESmight be a complementary tool for the handling of children with spastic diplegic CP. The mechanisms by which NMES improves themotor function are yet not established.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation , Electric Stimulation/methods , Motor Activity , Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation , Cerebral Palsy/therapy , Paralysis/rehabilitation , Paralysis/therapyABSTRACT
Our aim was to evaluate the acquisition of neuropsychomotor development marks in small for gestational age infants during the first six months of life. A non-controlled cross-section study with thirty full-term newborn small for gestational age infants was performed in a University Hospital in the Southern region of Brazil. These infants were followed up during six months and compared with literature data regarding adequate to gestational age newborn babies. Anthropometric data, epidemiologic characteristics, neurological exam and neuropsychomotor evolution were analyzed. There were significant variations in the acquisition of abilities, as the cephalic support at 3 months of age and delay in lalation. In other aspects, babies born small for gestational age evoluted in a similar way as newborn ones standards. It is suggested that case control studies are performed aiming at deepening the analysis of these studies.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neurologic ExaminationABSTRACT
Our aim was to evaluate the acquisition of neuropsychomotor development marks in small for gestational age infants during the first six months of life. A non-controlled cross-section study with thirty full-term newborn small for gestational age infants was performed in a University Hospital in the Southern region of Brazil. These infants were followed up during six months and compared with literature data regarding adequate to gestational age newborn babies. Anthropometric data, epidemiologic characteristics, neurological exam and neuropsychomotor evolution were analyzed. There were significant variations in the acquisition of abilities, as the cephalic support at 3 months of age and delay in lalation. In other aspects, babies born small for gestational age evoluted in a similar way as newborn ones standards. It is suggested that case control studies are performed aiming at deepening the analysis of these studies.
Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a aquisição de marcos do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional, durante o primeiro semestre de vida. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte não controlada, com 30 recém-nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional provenientes de um hospital universitário na região sul do Brasil, acompanhados durante seis meses e comparados com dados de literatura a respeito de recém-nascidos adequados para a idade gestacional. Foram analisados dados antropométricos, características epidemiológicas e a evolução do exame neurológico e do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Houve variações significativas na aquisição de habilidades como o sustento cefálico aos 3 meses e atraso na lalação. Nos demais aspectos os bebês nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional evoluíram de forma semelhante aos padrões de lactentes normais. Sugere-se que estudos caso-controle sejam realizados com a finalidade de aprofundar a análise desses resultados.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Child Development/physiology , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Gestational Age , Neurologic ExaminationABSTRACT
In this review the meaning of cerebral hemispheric function is discussed with special emphasis in non-dominant cerebral hemisphere and particularly in the lesion of commissural, association, projection of white matter fibers. Clinical characteristics depend on etiology, localization, extension and particularly the period of brain development. The following are common findings in these patients: left hemiplegia, abnormal prosody and non verbal communication, anomalies visiospatial perception, organization, and social interaction. Similar symptoms are also present in some developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactive disorders and Asperger syndrome. We discuss seven cases of isquemic cerebrovascular accidents with the objective of demonstrating the more frequent and persistent findings in the acquired lesion. All patients had complete neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, and were followed up for more than two years. We conclude that motor sequel is less severe than cognitive and affective consequences.
Subject(s)
Cerebrum/pathology , Communication Disorders/psychology , Dominance, Cerebral , Nonverbal Communication , Stroke/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Communication Disorders/etiology , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Learning Disabilities/etiology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Male , Stroke/psychology , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
With the goal of presenting follow-up data from patients seen at the Refractory Epilepsy out-patient clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil, we reviewed the literature on childhood and adolescent epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with indication for surgical treatment. The International League Against Epilepsy's Subcommission for Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery recommends surgical evaluation for cortical dysplasia, tuberous sclerosis complex, polymicrogyria, hypothalamic hamartoma, hemispheric syndromes, Sturge-Weber, Rasmussen, Landau-Kleffner and other situations such as tumors or cerebrovascular injury. The Subcommission proposes the creation of referral centers with functional methods of evaluation, structural imaging, and a multidisciplinary team that includes neurologists, neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, neuropediatricians, neuropsychologists, pathologists, neuroradiologists and eletroneurophysiology technicians. Creating these centers in developing countries is possible with the cooperation of other regions. Studies have shown improvement in quality of life with less frequent seizures. At HCPA, we provide evaluations and ongoing clinical management of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy surgery is potentially curative and is particularly useful for the pediatric population.
Subject(s)
Epilepsy/surgery , Adolescent , Ambulatory Care , Child , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hemispherectomy , Humans , Male , Postoperative Period , SyndromeABSTRACT
Nos últimos anos, vários estudos propuseram a utilização da estimulação elétrica como forma de tratamento da paralisia cerebral (PC). Objetivo: Utilizando um delineamentodo tipo antes e depois (a within-subjects design) buscou-se avaliar os efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) nas habilidades motoras de crianças com PC do tipo diplegia espástica. Material e método: Doze pacientes (08 do sexo masculino, média de 06 anos) foram avaliados antes e depois de 12 semanas de terapia utilizando EENM. As habilidades motoras forma avaliadas através da escala de função motora grossa(GMFM), parâmetros lineares da marcha e amplitude de movimento (ADM) de flexão dorsal dos tornozelos. Resultados: A diferença entre as médias dos escores da GMFM foram estatisticamente significativos (P= 0,032) quando comparados antes (73,1 +- 17,2) e depois (76,5 +- 16,3) da intervenção com EENM. Quando os pacientes forma classificados quanto à independência para marcha, o escore da GNMF permaneceu significativo apenas nas crinaças dependentes do auxílio para marcha (P=0,045). O parâmetro de cadência da marcha diferiu antes e depois da EENM no grupo de crianças independentes para marcha (P= 0,030). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que a EENM pode ser uma ferramenta complementar no manejo de crianças PC do tipo diplégica espástica. Os mecanismos pelos quais a EENM melhora a função motora não estão totalmente esclarecidos.
Introduction: For the last years, several studies have proposed the use of eletric stimulation as a valid therapy for cerebral palsy (CP). Aims: Using a within-subjects design , we set out to determine the effect of neuromeuscular eletric stimulation (NMES) on tje motor skills of children with spastic diplegic CP. Materials and methods: Twelve patients (08 male, men age 06 years), were evaluated before accomplished by using the gross motor function measure (GNMF), linear parameters of gait, and ankle dorsiflexion range of moviment. Results: The mean scores of GMFM were significantly different (P= 0,032) before (73,1 =-17,2) and after (76,5 =- 16,3) the intervention with NMES. When patients were classified for gait dependence, the GMFM scores remained significant only for children dependent of aid (p = 0,045). The cadence parameter of gait significantly differ before and after NMES in the group of CP children independent for gait (P = 0,030). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NMES might be a complementary tool for the handling of children with spadtic diplegic CP. The mechanisms by wich NMES improves the motor function are yet not established.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Electric Stimulation , Gait , Motor Activity , Motor Skills , Neuromuscular Blockade , Neuromuscular Diseases , Neuromuscular ManifestationsABSTRACT
Biochemical markers have played an increasingly relevant role in the assessment of neonatal asphyxia. The S100B protein is particularly important in research conducted in this field. The purpose of this study was to underline the importance of the S100B protein in the assessment of term newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, as well as to relate it to other substances also involved in the ischemic process. An assessment was made from September 2003 to October 2004 of 21 term newborn infants who developed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Samples were collected on the 1st and 4th day of life and S100B protein and lactate concentrations were calculated using the immune cytochemical method. A positive relationship was found between the two substances. Additionally, a comparison between the two substances showed a statistically significant correlation.
Subject(s)
Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis , Nerve Growth Factors/blood , S100 Proteins/blood , Apgar Score , Asphyxia Neonatorum/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Humans , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/etiology , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta SubunitABSTRACT
A participação de marcadores bioquímicos na avaliação de quadros de asfixia neonatal é cada vez mais relevante. A proteína S100B é de particular importância neste campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi procurar destacar a importância da proteína S100B na avaliação de recém-nascidos a termo com quadro de encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica, assim como correlacionar com outras substâncias que também participam do processo isquêmico. Foram analisados 21 casos de recém nascidos a termo que desenvolveram encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica no período de setembro de 2003 a outubro de 2004. Realizadas coletas no 1º e 4º dia de vida e dosadas, por método imunocitoquímico, a proteína S100B e o lactato. Observou-se correlação positiva entre as duas substâncias, assim como quando comparadas entre si nas suas respectivas dosagens, obteve-se significância estatística.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis , Nerve Growth Factors/blood , /blood , Apgar Score , Asphyxia Neonatorum/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Delivery, Obstetric , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/etiology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: A non-controlled, prognostic cohort study was performed with the aim of establishing markers of neurological development and defining a clinical and epidemiological profile of preterm newborns at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of gestation-corrected age in terms of primitive reflexes evolution. RESULTS: At 3 months old of corrected age, all primitive reflexes were present. At 6 months old, all children showed plantar grasp and 2.7% still showed Moro and palmar grasp. Plantar grasp was the unique primitive reflex found at 9 and 12 months of corrected age. CONCLUSION: It was possible to evaluate the occurence, as well as the disappearing of primitive reflexes in preterm newborns. The results show delay in the disappearing of primitive reflexes even with the use of corrected age.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Cohort Studies , Confidence Intervals , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Neurologic ExaminationABSTRACT
Foi realizado estudo não controlado, de coorte histórica, com o objetivo de estabelecer marcos do desenvolvimento neurológico, definir o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de recém nascidos prematuros normais aos 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de idade corrigida quanto à evolução dos reflexos primitivos. RESULTADOS: Aos 3 meses de idade corrigida, todos os reflexos primitivos estavam presentes em diferentes percentuais. Aos 6 meses de idade corrigida, 100 por cento das crianças apresentavam preensão plantar e 2,7 por cento apresentavam reflexo de Moro, apoio plantar e preensão palmar. A preensão plantar foi o único reflexo primitivo observado aos 9 e 12 meses de idade corrigida. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível avaliar a ocorrência, assim como o desaparecimento dos reflexos primitivos de recém-nascidos prematuros normais. Estes resultados apontam para um atraso no desaparecimento dos reflexos primitivos mesmo com o uso da correção da idade.
