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1.
J Child Neurol ; 27(2): 168-71, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21881008

ABSTRACT

A cohort study was conducted with a random sample of 33 healthy infants evaluated at birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 months to determine the frequency of respiratory rate changes in response to air blown over the face (diving reflex) in the first year of life, and to standardize the description of diving reflex occurrence. All 33 infants remained neurologically normal throughout follow-up. Diving reflex was observed in 95.3% of newborns and in 100% of infants between 2 and 6 months of age. At 6 months, it started to decrease but persisted in 90% of the infants up to 12 months. The diving reflex is highly prevalent in the first year of life and can be easily elicited by applying a flow of air over the infant's face, particularly during crying.


Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Diving/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
2.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 49(1): 20-26, jan.-mar. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875406

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar o tempo de internação hospitalar de bebês pré-termos submetidos às posições Mãe-Canguru ou Prona na incubadora. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 37 pré-termos em ventilação espontânea, sem outra doença, de ambos sexos, provenientes da UTI Neonatal do Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul, RS, distribuídos em: 17 bebês no grupo Posição Mãe-Canguru (Canguru) e 18 bebês no grupo Posição Prona (controle) para um ensaio clínico randomizado. Foram submetidos à Posição Mãe-Canguru ou à Posição Prona na incubadora, no período de uma hora, diariamente, por sete dias, consecutivamente. Aferição e registro do tempo de internação hospitalar foram realizados diariamente desde a inclusão no estudo até a alta hospitalar. Resultados: As médias de idade gestacional foram de 32,7 e 32,4 semanas, na inclusão no estudo as idades foram de 22 e 20 dias, as médias de peso ao nascimento foram de 1.578g e 1.539g, as médias de peso pós-natal, 1.745g e 1.733g, nos grupos Canguru e Controle, respectivamente; sem diferença estatística. O grupo Canguru mostrou diferença com significância estatística no tempo de internação hospitalar, média 8±1 dias em comparação ao grupo-controle, com 10±1,9 dias (P=0,004). Conclusões: Os bebês submetidos à Posição Mãe-Canguru mostraram diminuição no tempo de internação hospitalar, com diferença estatística significante, resultando em alta hospitalar aproximadamente dois dias antes do grupo-controle (AU)


Objective: To compare the length of stay at hospital of preterm babies submitted Kangaroo Mother Position or Prone Position at incubator. Methods: They were studied 37 preterm newborns, spontaneously ventilating, without diseases, regardless of gender in a randomized clinical trial at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil. This sample was distributed in two groups: 17 for the Kangaroo (intervention ­ Kangaroo Mother Position) and 18 for the Control (control ­ submitted to prone position at the incubator) and followed during one hour per day throughout one week. It was recorded the total days of hospital stay in both groups until the discharge. Results: Mean birth weight (g) were: 1578 and 1539; weight at inclusion in the study (g): 1745 and 1733, age at inclusion (days): 22 and 20 for Kangaroo and Control groups respectively; mean gestational age in both groups: about 32 weeks, no statistical difference. The length of stay at hospital (in days) was 8±1 days (mean ± standard error) to the group Kangaroo and 10±1.9 days to the group Control, P=0.004. Conclusions: The Kangaroo mother position, compared to prone position, during one hour per day throughout one week, has shortened the length of stay at hospital and resulted in discharge about two days earlier than babies in the prone position (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Prone Position , Kangaroo-Mother Care Method/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trial , Treatment Outcome , Incubators, Infant
3.
J Child Neurol ; 19(8): 592-6, 2004 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15605468

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study evaluated 106 normal newborns with the aim of determining the prevalence of mouth opening, neck rotation, and limb flexion or extension responses triggered by pressure stimuli applied to the hand, forearm, arm, foot, leg, or thigh. Mouth opening, neck rotation, and lower limb flexion responses were found in the three segments of the lower limb, with mouth opening obtained in 100% of newborns, neck rotation in 88.7%, and flexion of lower limbs in 67.9% with stimuli to the hand. Upper limb extension response was obtained by stimulation of the three segments of the lower limb and was found in 86.7% of the infants with stimuli to the foot. The limb segment more effective in eliciting a response was the hand, followed by the foot, forearm, leg, arm, and thigh. When pressure was applied to the three upper segments, the reflex responses of the head, neck, and limb flexion predominated, whereas when pressure was applied to the three lower segments, extension responses of the upper limbs predominated.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Arm/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Foot/physiology , Hand/physiology , Head Movements/physiology , Humans , Leg/physiology , Mouth/physiology , Physical Stimulation , Random Allocation
4.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 62(3B): 797-801, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15476072

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify if the clinical behavior of auditory hypersensitivity, reported in interviews with parents/caregivers and therapists/teachers of 46 children and teenagers suffering from autistic spectrum disorder, correspond to audiological findings. METHOD: The clinical diagnosis for auditory hypersensitivity was investigated by means of an interview. Subsequently, a test of the acoustic stapedial reflex was conducted, and responses to intense acoustic stimulus in open field were observed. RESULTS: Of the 46 subjects, 11 (23.9%) were clinically diagnosed as oversensitive to sound and only 2 showed discomfort when exposed to intense acoustic stimulus in open field. There was no statistically significant difference for the test of the ipsilateral acoustic stapedial reflex between the groups. CONCLUSION: Behavioral manifestations to sounds are not associated to hypersensitivity of the auditory pathways, but instead these are associated to difficulties in the upper processing, involving systems that usually are impaired in autistic spectrum patients, such as the limbic system.


Subject(s)
Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/complications , Reflex, Acoustic , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Audiometry , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(3B): 797-801, set. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384129

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar se o comportamento clínico de hipersensibilidade auditiva, relatado nas entrevistas com os pais/cuidadores e terapeutas/professores de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista, corresponde aos achados audiológicos. MÉTODO: O diagnóstico clínico para a hipersensibilidade auditiva foi investigado a partir do protocolo de entrevista. Após, foi utilizada a pesquisa do reflexo acústico estapédico e observadas as reações ao estímulo sonoro intenso em campo aberto. RESULTADOS: Dos 46 sujeitos, 11 (23,9%) foram diagnosticados clinicamente como hipersensíveis ao som, e somente 2 demonstraram desconforto quando expostos ao estímulo sonoro intenso em campo aberto. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a pesquisa do reflexo acústico estapédico ipsilateral entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: As manifestações comportamentais aos sons não estão associadas à hipersensibilidade das vias auditivas, mas, sim, a dificuldades no processamento superior, envolvendo sistemas que comumente estão comprometidos nos pacientes do espectro autista, como o sistema límbico.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/complications , Reflex, Acoustic , Audiometry , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/etiology , Interviews as Topic
6.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 48(3): 175-179, jul.-set. 2004. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876144

ABSTRACT

Esse artigo se propõe a revisar a avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicológico das crianças no seu período pós-natal, com o objetivo de fornecer aos profissionais de saúde envolvidos na assistência infantil subsídios teóricos para vigilância do desenvolvimento normal e da intervenção precoce, que pode minimizar as repercussões funcionais e lesionais do sistema nervoso submetido a eventos potencialmente patológicos, melhorando a qualidade de vida da criança, da família e com menor custo social na reabilitação (AU)


This article intend to review the assessment of the children's neuropsicologic development in the postnatal period, with the aim to give theoric information to heath professionals envolved in the children's care in terms of vigilance of the normal development and precocious intervention, wich can minimise the functional and lesional central nervous system repercutions, submitted to potencially pathological events, making better the child and family quality of live, with lower social costs in the rehabilitation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Human Development/physiology , Nervous System/growth & development , Brain/growth & development , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/prevention & control , Neurologic Examination/methods
7.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 80(2 Suppl): S83-94, 2004 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15154076

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To review the current knowledge on neurobiological aspects of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, as well as to provide pediatricians with up to date information on diagnosis and treatment of autism. SOURCES OF DATA: Review of MEDLINE and Internet. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Autism is the 3rd developmental disorder, with an incidence of 40 to 130/100,000 individuals. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, following DSM IV criteria. Neuroimaging, investigation of fetal neurological status, and genetic investigation contribute towards a better understanding of the neurobiology of autism. CONCLUSION: Pediatricians are the first health professional to come in contact with patients with autism. Thus, they should be able to diagnose and to coordinate the multidisciplinary treatment of these patients.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Child , Humans , Prognosis
8.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 80(2,supl): s83-s94, abr. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-363045

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar os aspectos neurobiológicos do autismo e das doenças invasivas de desenvolvimento. Oferecer ao pediatra informações atualizadas sobre diagnóstico e tratamento. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão bibliográfica, abordando o tema por meio do sistema MEDLINE e procura direta. SíNTESE DOS DADOS: Conforme dados da literatura, o autismo é a terceira mais comum desordem no desenvolvimento, ocorrendo em 40 a 130 casos por 100.000. O diagnóstico é clínico, baseado nos critérios do DSM-IV. Os exames de neuroimagem e neurofetologia e os estudos genéticos contribuem para o melhor entendimento da neurobiologia do autismo. CONCLUSAO: O pediatra é o primeiro médico a entrar em contato com o paciente autista e deve estar apto para reconhecer os desvios do desenvolvimento e orientar a investigação e o tratamento multidisciplinar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Prognosis
9.
Pediatr Neurol ; 30(3): 201-6, 2004 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15033203

ABSTRACT

We studied the role of clinical and electroencephalographic factors in the follow-up of children and adolescents after a first unprovoked seizure, and their correlation with recurrence and risk for epilepsy. We conducted a 24-month follow-up of 109 patients aged 1 month to 16 years who had a first unprovoked seizure. We analyzed the characteristics of the first seizure, perinatal history, family history of seizures, electroencephalographic patterns and their influence on seizure recurrence, and calculated risk for subsequent epilepsy. Fifty-six patients (51.4%) had recurrent seizures. The bivariate statistical analysis revealed that maternal prenatal disease (relative risk = 2.02, P = 0.03) and an abnormal electroencephalogram (relative risk = 2.89, P = 0.0003) were significantly associated with seizure recurrence. Other factors (male sex, partial first seizure, vaginal delivery, family history of seizures, and sleep state) approached statistical significance. Logistic regression revealed that the only variable significantly associated with recurrence was an abnormal electroencephalographic pattern on the first examination (relative risk = 2.48, P = 0.003). Cumulative risk ranged from 50-68% at 24 months when the first electroencephalogram was abnormal, and from 26-36% when it was normal. We concluded that the electroencephalogram may have an important diagnostic value in the prognosis of epileptic seizure recurrence in children and adolescents.


Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Seizures/etiology , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Logistic Models , Male , Prognosis , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Seizures/epidemiology
10.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 61(2A): 165-9, 2003 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12806490

ABSTRACT

We carried out a cross-sectional study with a sample of 106 normal full-term newborns examined within 24 to 72 hours of birth. The following findings were evaluated: head and chest measurements, muscle strength, tone, tendon reflexes, superficial reflexes, primitive reflexes, and cranial nerves. All 106 newborns were considered neurologically normal. We found no differences in the neurological examination findings for newborns with different gestational ages. Primitive reflexes and appendicular tone in newborns examined at earlier postnatal ages tended to be less intense. We were able to determine the prevalence of certain neurological examination findings for the normal newborn and to discuss some differences between our results and those of other studies. Prevalence estimations for the different findings in our study may be valid for different populations as long as the same methodology is adopted.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn/physiology , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn/psychology , Male , Muscle Tonus , Neurologic Examination/methods , Reflex
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(2A): 165-169, Jun. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-339480

ABSTRACT

We carried out a cross-sectional study with a sample of 106 normal full-term newborns examined within 24 to 72 hours of birth. The following findings were evaluated: head and chest measurements, muscle strength, tone, tendon reflexes, superficial reflexes, primitive reflexes, and cranial nerves. All 106 newborns were considered neurologically normal. We found no differences in the neurological examination findings for newborns with different gestational ages. Primitive reflexes and appendicular tone in newborns examined at earlier postnatal ages tended to be less intense. We were able to determine the prevalence of certain neurological examination findings for the normal newborn and to discuss some differences between our results and those of other studies. Prevalence estimations for the different findings in our study may be valid for different populations as long as the same methodology is adopted


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infant, Newborn , Muscle Tonus , Neurologic Examination , Reflex
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 60(4): 964-966, Dec. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-326169

ABSTRACT

A non-controlled, prognostic cohort study was performed with the aim of establishing markers of neurological development and defining a clinical and epidemiological profile of preterm newborns at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of gestation-corrected age in terms of parachute and lateral propping reactions. Newborns with gestational age of up to 36 weeks and 6 days, weighing 2,000 g or less at birth, were included in the study At 6 months of age, parachute and lateral propping reactions were present in 8.1 percent of the patients. At 9 months, the parachute reaction was present in 87.5 percent, and the lateral propping reaction was present in 90 percent of the children. It was possible to assess parachute and lateral propping reactions in preterm children in the first year of life. Alterations in trunk-limb coordination may be evidenced in the 1st year of life through postural reactions, which are maintained as prematurity markers until school age


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child Development , Infant, Premature , Posture , Psychomotor Disorders , Psychomotor Performance , Brazil , Cohort Studies , Gestational Age , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Motor Skills , Neurologic Examination , Prognosis , Reflex
13.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 78(5): 371-374, set.-out. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-324862

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: o presente estudo procura avaliar as possíveis patologias que se manifestam associadas à hiperecogenicidade dos vasos talâmicos na ultra-sonografia cerebral, e observar a freqüência com que ocorrem. Métodos: a amostra foi constituída de 206 recém-nascidosprematuros, nascidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no período de julho de 1998 a maio de 1999. Todos realizaram a ultra-sonografia cerebral na primeira semana de vida. Foram incluídos no estudo aqueles prematuros que necessitaram de internação hospitalar, e que tiveram o termo de consentimento informado assinado por um dos responsáveis. Foram excluídos aqueles cuja ultra-sonografia cerebral evidenciava sangramento cerebral e/ou malformações congênitas associadas, e os que evoluíram para óbito antes da realização do exame. Resultados: a ultra-sonografia cerebral levou à identificação de 65 recém-nascidos prematuros com hiperecogenicidade dos vasos talâmicos e de 141 recém-nascidos prematuros sem. Conclusões: a forma de apresentação do tipo pélvica ao nascimento, a maior idade gestacional, o maior peso do recém-nascido ao nascimento e a classificação grande para a idade gestacional foramfatores de risco para a ocorrência de hiperecogenicidade dos vasos talâmicos, enquanto a presença de hipertensão materna durante o período de gestação tendeu a ser fator de proteção. Os recém-nascidos que apresentaram crises convulsivas durante o período de internação hospitalar tiveram risco 3,2 vezes maior de ter hiperecogenicidade dos vasos talâmicos, quando comparados aos que nãoapresentaram crises convulsivas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Echoencephalography , Infant, Premature
14.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 78(5): 371-4, 2002.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14647742

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate possible pathologies associated with hyperechogenicity of thalamic vessels (HETV), which are found on brain ultrasounds (BUS), as well as to observe the frequency of their occurrence. METHODS: The sample was composed of 206 preterm newborn infants at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) from July 1998 to May 1999. All of them were submitted to BUS in the first week of life. Preterm children who needed hospital admission and had a term of informed consent signed up by their guardians were included in this study. Preterm newborn children with BUS showing intracranial hemorrhage and/or associated congenital malformation were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Through BUS it was possible to identify 65 preterm newborn children with HETV and 141 preterm newborn children without HETV. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the following risk factors for HETV: pelvic presentation, longer gestational period, increased birthweight and big for gestational age classification. On the other hand, mothers hypertension during the gestational period tended to protect infants from HETV. The newborn infants that presented convulsive crises during hospitalization had a 3.2-fold higher risk of having HETV when compared to the ones who did not go through any convulsive crises.

15.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 60(4): 964-6, 2002 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12563388

ABSTRACT

A non-controlled, prognostic cohort study was performed with the aim of establishing markers of neurological development and defining a clinical and epidemiological profile of preterm newborns at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of gestation-corrected age in terms of parachute and lateral propping reactions. Newborns with gestational age of up to 36 weeks and 6 days, weighing 2,000 g or less at birth, were included in the study At 6 months of age, parachute and lateral propping reactions were present in 8.1% of the patients. At 9 months, the parachute reaction was present in 87.5%, and the lateral propping reaction was present in 90% of the children. It was possible to assess parachute and lateral propping reactions in preterm children in the first year of life. Alterations in trunk-limb coordination may be evidenced in the 1st year of life through postural reactions, which are maintained as prematurity markers until school age.


Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Posture/physiology , Psychomotor Disorders/physiopathology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Cohort Studies , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Male , Motor Skills , Prognosis
16.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 77(6): 522-524, nov.-dez. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-314716

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: chamar a atenção para o diagnóstico da doença de Devic e realizar revisão da literatura. Descrição: paciente de 6 anos, do sexo masculino, apresentou subitamente paresia nos membros inferiores, que desapareceu no decorrer da internação. No entanto, à medida que a paresia desaparecia, ocorria perda da visão. Os sintomas só foram revertidos após o uso de prednisona.Comentários: a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica foi semelhante à usada em outros casos em diferentes centros de referência, ou seja, o diagnóstico foi clínico e o tratamento com prednisona, obtendo-se a melhora completa dos sintomas. Apesar disso, várias contradições ainda cercam essa doença, desde a etiologia até sua relação com outras doenças desmielinizantes, como a esclerose múltipla


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Demyelinating Diseases , Neuromyelitis Optica/diagnosis , Prednisone
17.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 77(5): 369-373, set.-out. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-303534

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência da exposição pré-natal à cocaina em uma amostra de recém-nascidos utilizando dois métodos: a fluorescência polarizada por imunoesaio no mecônio e a entrevista materna. Método: estudo transversal realizado num hospital geral universitário abrangendo todos os recém-nascidos nascidos vivos no centro obstétrico do hospital durante o pereíodo de 23 de março de 199 a 1 de junho de 1999 (847 recém-nascidos). A presença de exposição pré-natal a cocaína foi definida por um teste de fluorescência polarizada por imunoensaio positivo para benzoilecgonina no mecônio do recém-nascido e/ou por uma entrevista materna positiva. Resultados: a taxa da exposição pré-natal à cocaína foi de 16 casos (2,4 por cento), e de 25 casos (3,4 por cento) através da testagem do mecônio. Foram encontrados 34 casos, com uma prevalência de 4,6 por cento, quando os métodos para a detecção foram considerados de forma complementar. Conclusões: através desta estudo, foi observado que a testagem meconial é mais eficaz que a entrevista materna no diagnóstico da exposição pré-natal à cocaína. A entrevista aumentou, em relação à testagem do mecônio, em 26 por cento a possibilidade do diagnóstico da exposição; e a testagem do mecônio, em relação à entrevista, aumentou em 53,4 por cento o diagnóstico da exposição


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Hospitals, University , Prevalence
18.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 77(3): 189-196, maio-jun. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-299224

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudar uma amostra representativa de escolares de 1ª série/1§ grau de Porto Alegre com o intuito de estabelecer seu desempenho neurológico e investigar a associação entre o perfil neurológico e o estado nutricional. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, anlítico e de delineamento transversal em uma amostra aleatória e proporcional de todos os escolares (n=35521) de 1ª série/1§ grau de Porto Alegre, distribuídos na rede estadual (64,7 por cento), na rede municipal (11,9 por cento) e na rede particular (23,4 por cento). O tamanho da amostra foi calculado para uma precisão de medida de +-3 por cento (para 95 por cento de intervalo de confiança) para uma prevalência prevista de disfunção cortical de 10 por cento. A amostra ficou constituída de 310 crianças da rede estadual, 58 da rede municipal e 116 crianças das escolas particulares. As crianças submetidas a avalaiação individual na própria escola. Foi aferido sexo, idade, raça, estado nutricional e escola de origem. O exame neurológico foi feito em todas as crianças, avaliando-se psiquismo, linguagem, fácies, atidudes, equilíbrio, tono, motricidade voluntária, motricidade reflexa, motricidade passiva, sensibilidade e nervos cranianos. O ENE avaliou linguagem, lateralidade, equilíbrio estático, dinâmico, coordenação apendiculiar, persistência motora, sensibilidade e gnosias, e coordenação tronco-membros. Foi obtido consentimento das Secretarias de Educação Estadual e Municipal e da direção das escolas particulares. Aplicou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e ANOVA. Resultados: os itens do ENE encontravam-se abaixo do esperado para a idade entre 11,4 por cento e 38,2 por cento das crianças, sendo que o mais antigido foi sensiblidade e gnosias (38,2 por cento) e o menos compromentido foi persistência motora (11,4 por cento), não havendo diferenças entre meninos e meninas. As crianças que tiveram os índices altura para a idade (A/I) e peso para a idade (P/I) mais baixos mostraram associação com distúrbios de função cortical. Conclusões: a desnutrição crônica foi um fator de risco para o desempenho da função cerebral e para um bom desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Neurologic Examination , Nutrition Disorders
19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 76(3): 179-84, maio-jun. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-268344

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Estudar a exposição pré-natal à cocaína com ênfase nos seus efeitos neurocomportamentais. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica dos últimos 15 anos, abordando o tema por meio do sistema Medline e procura direta. Resultados e conclusões: Conforme os dados da literatura mundial, a exposição pré-natal à cocaína apresenta uma incidência de até 13,5 por cento e os efeitos no recém-nascido são em grande parte sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso. Os pediatras e as subespecialidades pediátricas devem conhecer as conseqüências da exposição a fim de poder diagnosticar a alterar o prognóstico a alterar o prognóstico dessas criança


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Child Behavior/drug effects , Child Development/drug effects , Cocaine/administration & dosage , Maternal Exposure
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(2B): 401-7, jun. 2000. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-264436

ABSTRACT

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition, recognized as an important social-medical problem. The syndrome is characterized by motor system, perception, cognition and behavioral disturbances, compromising the learning of children with adequate intellectual potential. To investigate its prevalence in first grade pupils 484 children with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and neuropsychological criteria were examined. The prevalence of ADHD was 18 per cent when the diagnosis was made using DSM-IV criteria; 3.5 per cent when neuropsychological criteria was used, including, in addition to behavioral and psychometric aspects, a discrepancy in the evolutionary neurological examination, and 3.9 per cent when motor persistence was taken into account. The prevalence of ADHD was higher among older children (92.4 months) only when DSM-IV criteria were used. We conclude that the use of DSM-IV criteria probably overestimates the prevalence of ADHD, since it detects another behavioral disorders. In this context, they may be useful as screening, since they have adequate pre-testing performance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity
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