[The medical activity of population resident in rural area].

The medical social study was carried out to investigate the degree of the prevalence of medical activity among the inhabitants of rural area. The attitude of the respondents to the preventive medical check-up was determined. The timeliness of having recurrence to medical care, the performing of physician prescriptions, the independent decision-making related to the medical treatment and the degree of awareness of healthy life-style have been explored. The study was organized in the large rural region of Chelyabinsk oblast. The study sampling consisted of 1740 respondents. The lower level of medical activity among rural inhabitants was revealed. The necessity to enhance the organization of medical institutions functioning related to sanitary hygienic education of rural population and to elaborate the medical care organization.

[The morbidity with temporary disability as area of medical economic auditing at emergency medical care station].

The research data of morbidity with temporary disability of medical personnel of emergency medical care station is presented. It is established that a relationship exists between the work conditions of emergency medical care and the level of medical personnel morbidity. The evaluation of economic losses is discussed.

[The morbidity of temporary disability among students].

The research data related to the morbidity of temporary disability among students analysed in dynamics during four years is resented. It is established that morbidity of temporary disability both in cases and in days has undulating characteristics with certain tendency to decrease in 2996. In the various universities one can find various requirements related to the students study attendance. This can be an explanation of differences (see text) the universities in the duration of one day of disability. The students not in a full fledge apply their right to the study remission due to the disease. It is determined by the intensification of educational process, higher demands of dean's office and introducing of payment for the missing study days.

[The dynamics of morbidity and its characteristics among students of the city of Aktobe].

The results of the study of morbidity among the students of the leading Universities of the City of Aktobe of the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented. The analysis of the morbidity of student youth in years dynamic was applied. The comparative analysis of the morbidity of the students of the first and fourth years was provided. The comprehensive assessment of students health depending on the year is given. The deterioration of students' health was revealed both in years dynamics and from year to year.

[Remote infrared thermography: achievements, current potentials, and perspectives].

The article presents obtained results on using remote infrared thermograph in medical practice in Ukraine. It was shown that appearance of domestic thermographs with matrix photoreceiver enhances considerably an area of their use. New results related to diagnosis of a patient's state were obtained. Taking into account that this method is harmless, not difficult to perform, allows carrying out diagnostics many times during treatment and appearance of a new type of thermographs with high temperature sensitivity, it is necessary to renew the use of remote infrared thermography in medical practice in Ukraine.

[Stimulation of medical personnel work in operating rooms]. / Stimulirovanie truda meditsinskogo personala v operatsionnoi.

Preliminary results of experimental trial on stimulation of medical staff's labour in the operation unit, held in medical institutions of Chelyabinsk, has been analysed. As a basis for calculation of the payments for the work, the labour expenditures of each member of surgical team (surgeon, assistant, anesthesiologist, surgical nurse, anesthesist, litter bearer nurse) and the cost of 1 hour work were assessed, the degree of the difficulty of each operation, as well as the total cost of the procedure was determined. Registration of the work of all members of the surgical team and its payment, according to the quantity and the quality of the performed operations, demonstrates the stage of transition to the system of payment for the labour, i.e.--for the concrete work, done by somebody of the staff (for the treatment of some patient, etc.). The evaluation of the work according to the number of treated patients (operations being done) and to the quality of the treatment provides the conditions for personal financial incentive of surgical staff to intensification of their work and contributes to the achievements of favourable final results and in the same time--it provides decrease of the terms for patients' stay in the hospital, saving money and material resources.

[Morphological characteristics of central and peripheral organs of rat immune system in time course of adaptation to external low-dose gamma irradiation]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika tsentral'nykh i perifericheskikh organov sistemy immuniteta krys v dinamike adaptatsii k vneshnemu gamma-oblucheniiu v malykh dozakh.

The morphohistochemical changes in immune system lymphoid organs and skin of rats, exposed to single and fractionated gamma-radiation (0.35 Gy) were studied during 1 month. It has been revealed that single irradiation didn't significantly influence, while the fractionated irradiation in equal dose resulted in lymphoid cells elimination from thymus and spleen and changes in skin and bone marrow cells subsets, inducing the increase of lymphoid cells number and activation of tissue basophils and macrophages reaction.

[The role of the thymus gland in the development of adaptation reactions of the immune system during fractionated low-level gamma irradiation]. / Uchastie vilochkovoi zhelezy v razvitii adaptatsionnykh reaktsii immunnoi sistemy pri fraktsionirovannom gamma-obluchenii v malykh dozakh.

In experiments with normal and thymectomized rats it has been revealed that exposure of normal animals to 0.35 Gy of gamma-radiation induces changes in blood cells subsets, depression of NK functional activity, decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocyte basal chemiluminescence level, suppression of the delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction and stimulation of local IgE-synthesis in respiratory organs. At the same time irradiation of adult thymectomized animals did not resulted in significant fluctuations in cellular and humoral immunity indices as well as blood cells functional activity level. Some mechanisms of radiation-induced immune system disturbances mediated via thymus are discussed.

[Minerals of biological origin: their structural formation and properties]. / Mineraly biologicheskogo proiskkhozhdeniia: formirovanie struktury i svoistv.

A study is presented of human tooth enamel and its changes during heating. The measurements were done by methods of electron paramagnetic resonance, roentgen structural analysis and gaseous chromatography. A new effect has been found related to changes of enamel structure during heating. It was established that at T 170 degrees C there occurs reorientation of the crystallites of hydrohylapatite that form the structure of tooth enamel as well as changes of the properties of organic layers between these crystallites. Discussed are the general principles determining the structure and properties of minerals of biological origin. It is shown that the organic structure of the biomineral effects the properties of inorganic crystallites by means of the spatial geometric factor. This factor is finally related to the fact, that superficial energy of the crystallite contributes essentially in its general energy. The authors discuss the obtained results from the viewpoint of diagnosis and new treatment methods of diseases related to the biomineral of the human body.

[The methodology of thermal diagnostic study]. / Metodologiia termodiagnosticheskogo issledovaniia.

The authors analyze existing methods of thermodiagnosis. They discuss the possible ways of increasing the independence of this method in informative valid diagnosis. It is recommended to carry out total thermographic examination of patients and the use of methods of active thermography.

[An automated thermographic complex: new possibilities of the diagnosis of ORL disease]. / Avtomatizirovannyi termograficheskii kompleks: novye vozmozhnosti diagnostiki zabolevanii LOR-organov.

The Kiev Research Institute of Otorhinolaryngology has built an automatic diagnostic system that includes a Raduga thermograph and a CM-1403 computer. The diagnostic algorithms are based on the thermosemiotics of ENT inflammatory diseases developed by the authors. The advantages of the system are: production of a hard copy of thermograms, registration and long storage of information, mathematical treatment of thermal images, data base and rapid search for the thermogram needed, screening diagnosis based on the "healthy-sick" principle.

[The possibilities of protection against local radiation injuries in ORL-oncologic patients]. / Vozmozhnosti protektsii mestnykh luchevykh povrezhdenii u LOR-onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Quercetin granules and gel were used to provide local protection in 64 ENT-cancer patients given radiotherapy. The highest effect was obtained as a result of a combined (per os and topical) application of quercetin throughout the entire radiotherapy course. The use of quercetin granules to treat acute radiation-induced epithelitis was effective and allowed radiotherapy to be completed.

[Complex analysis of a sociological study of harmful habits among college students]. / Kompleksnyi analiz sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniia vrednykh privychek studentov vuzov.

The paper provides a complex analysis of a socio-hygienic survey of harmful habits among college students in Ufa. 7093 students were surveyed by means of questionnaires. Anonymous questionnaire surveys permitted to reveal the subjective assessment of students health and its association with harmful habits. 21.1 percent of students suffer from chronic diseases, 49.4 percent of students systematically drink, 9.8 percent use drugs, 14.9 percent of students take drugs to keep fit, 24.2 percent of students systematically smoke.

[Assessment by industrial workers of their satisfaction with medical care]. / Otsenka promyshlennymi rabochimi udovletvorennosti meditsinskoi pomoshch'iu.

A total of 1252 workers from 21 enterprises were surveyed by means of questionnaires. The survey uncovered grave shortcomings in the delivery of medical care at all levels. In particular, only 58.2 per cent of the interviewed were satisfied with the work of feldshers providing medical care at health posts. An analysis was also made of workers' suggestions regarding the work of shop physicians, chiefs of health units, administration, public organisations at enterprises and their working collectives.

[Thermographic diagnosis of diseases of the maxillofacial area]. / Termograficheskaia diagnostika zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Infrared thermography proved useful for the diagnosis and treatment efficacy studies in the mandibular trauma injuries, trigeminal neuralgies, facial and cervical purulent inflammatory diseases. It appeared also effective in detection of dangerous complications: odontogenous mediastinitis and facial veins thrombophlebitis.

[Morphohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract after combined local hyperthermia and radiotherapy]. / Morfogistokhimicheskaia i élektronno-mikroskopicheskaia kharakteristika zlokachestvennykh opukholei verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei pri sochetanii lokal'noi gipertermii i luchevoi terapii.

The paper discusses morphohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of 15 primary tumors of the upper respiratory tract removed following preoperative irradiation in combination with local hyperthermia as a radio-modifying factor. Eighteen tumors removed after irradiation alone served as controls. Application of local microwave hyperthermia resulted in a higher degree of irreversible tumor cell dystrophia and damage. Hyperthermia--induced damage included disorders in ultrastructure of intracellular membranes and cell organelles mainly due to derangement of membrane--binding proteins, protein--lipid and nucleotide complexes. Thermoradiotherapy stimulated protective reaction of surrounding tissue which took the form of increase in fraction of leukocytes and macrophages with high acid phosphatase level in areas of tumor cell damage.

[Terminology problems in medical thermography]. / Terminologicheskie problemy v meditsinskoi termografii.

The paper is devoted to some problems of medico-technical terminology of clinical thermography. A short historical review of stages of the discovery of infrared rays and their medical application was given. An analysis of a number of terms is based on the rules of medical terminology and state standards. An obligatory use in literature of correct terms, mainly of the Greek and Latin origin, is proposed. Commonly used terms on the basis of modern anatomical terminology are recommended for thermogram description.