[Analysis on impact of four major non-communicable diseases on life expectancy of local population in Ji'nan, 2015-2020].

Objective: To analyze the impact of malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes (four major chronic diseases) on the increase of life expectancy of local population in Ji'nan during 2015-2020. Methods: Based on 2015-2020 cause-of-death surveillance information and population data of Ji'nan, we used abbreviated life expectancy table and Arriaga decomposition method to analyze the overall and disease specific contributions of four major chronic diseases to the increase of life expectancy, and the gender and age specific contributions of mortality rates of four major chronic diseases to the increase of life expectancy of local population from 2015 to 2020. Results: Life expectancy of the local population in Ji'nan increased by 1.59 years from 2015 to 2020. The decline in mortality rates of the four major chronic diseases contributed 1.25 years, with a contribution of 78.62%. The life expectancy in men increased by 1.66 years, with a contribution of 1.18 years from the decline in mortality rate of four major chronic diseases, and the life expectancy in women increased by 1.52 years, with a contribution of 1.35 years from the decline in mortality of four major chronic diseases. The declines in the mortality rates of malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes contributed 0.42, 0.62, 0.20, and 0.01 years to life expectancy, respectively. The decline mortality rate of gastric cancer contributed more to the increase of life expectancy compared with lung cancer. The increase in the mortality rate of hypertensive heart disease resulted in a negative contribution. Asthma and diabetes contributed very little to the increase of life expectancy. Conclusions: The increase in the life expectancy of local population in Ji'nan from 2015 to 2020 was mainly attributed to the decline in mortality of four major chronic diseases. It is necessary to pay close attention to the diseases which contributed very little or even had negative contribution to the increase of life expectancy, such as lung cancer, diabetes and hypertensive heart disease.

[Current status of body mass index and related influencing factors in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China].

Objective: To understand the current status of BMI of the elderly and related factors in longevity areas in China, and provide scientific evidence for the control of BMI level in elderly population. Methods: Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 2 825 elderly in 8 longevity areas in China were surveyed and measured in 2017. The BMI levels of 2 217 elderly aged 65 years and older were calculated and in follow up. The ordered classification logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencd factors for the BMI in the elderly. Results: The BMI of the elderly in 8 longevity areas in China was (22.36±3.87) kg/m(2), and it was (22.76±3.58) kg/m(2) for males and (21.75±3.98) kg/m(2) for females. The BMI levels were normal in 1 165 elderly persons. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 15.8%, 24.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors affecting the BMI of people under 100- years old were age (65-: OR=2.78, 95%CI: 1.87-4.15; 80-: OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.00-2.17), smoking status (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.32-0.66), annual household income (<30 000 Yuan: OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.47; 30 000-70 000 Yuan: OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-1.86), and frequency of tea intake(OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.71), while the factor in people aged ≥100 years was gender (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.32-10.36). Conclusions: The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were high in the elderly from longevity areas in China. It is necessary to pay attention to the trend of overweight and obesity due to smoking, higher annual household income and regular tea drinking in the elderly men.

Evaluation of immunisation strategies for pertussis vaccines in Jinan, China - an interrupted time-series study.

Studies in countries with high immunisation coverage suggest that the re-emergence of pertussis may be caused by a decreased duration of protection resulting from the replacement of whole-cell pertussis vaccine (WPV) with the acellular pertussis vaccine (APV). In China, WPV was introduced in 1978. The pertussis vaccination schedule advanced from an all-WPV schedule (1978-2007), to a mixed WPV/APV schedule (2008-2009), then to an all-APV schedule (2010-2016). Increases in the incidence of pertussis have been reported in recent years in Jinan and other cities in China. However, there have been few Chinese-population-based studies focused on the impact of schedule changes. We obtained annual pertussis incidences from 1956 to 2016 from the Jinan Notifiable Conditions Database. We used interrupted time series and segmented regression analyses to assess changes in pertussis incidence at the beginning of each year, and average annual changes during the intervention. Pertussis incidence decreased by 1.11 cases per 100 000 population (P = 0.743) immediately following WPV introduction in 1978 and declined significantly by 1.21 cases per 100 000 population per year (P < 0.0001) between 1978 and 2001. Immediately after APV replaced the fourth dose of WPV in 2008, the second and third doses in 2009, then replaced all four doses in 2010, pertussis incidence declined by 1.98, 1.98 and 1.08 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. However, the results were not statistically significant. There were significant increasing trends in pertussis incidence after APV replacements: 1.63, 1.77 and 1.78 cases/year in 2008-2016, 2009-2016 and 2010-2016, respectively. Our study shows that the impact of an all-WPV schedule may be less than the impacts of the sequential WPV/APV schedules. The short-term impact of APV was better than that of WPV; however, the duration of APV-induced protection was not ideal. The impact and duration of protective immunity resulting from APVs produced in China need further evaluation. Further research on the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination programme in Jinan, China is also necessary.