ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy is critical in the management of coronary artery diseases. For patients undergoing cardiac surgeries, including coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve replacement, controversy remains in preoperative antiplatelet therapy concerning risk of bleeding. For safety concern, aspirin is recommended to be withdrawn 5 to 10 days before a cardiac surgery. Recent studies, however, indicate that preoperative aspirin may have a protective effect on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of preoperative aspirin in preventing CSA-AKI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) of patients, who had undergone CABG, valve replacement, or combined surgery. These studies compared preoperative aspirin with placebo/no aspirin and reported the least incidence of CSA-AKI. One RCT and five OSs met the inclusion criteria. Data retrieved suggested that aspirin prescribed within five days before cardiac surgery decreased post-operative renal failure [odds ratio (OR), 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50-0.89; P < 0.01] and 30-day mortality (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53-0.77; P < 0.01). One RCT and three OSs suggested aspirin protected from major adverse cardiocerebral events (MACE) (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76-1.01; P = 0.07). One RCT and two OSs suggested aspirin did not increase risk of re-exploration for bleeding (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.76-1.34; P = 0.95). CONCLUSION: Preoperative low-dose aspirin decreases post-operative CSA-AKI, mortality, and MACE without increasing the risk of re-exploration. But most of the studies are observational. They lack a uniformed standard on prescription of aspirin and outcomes measurement. No stratification analysis is performed concerning different types of surgical procedures and comorbidities. More randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of preoperative aspirin prescription.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Cause of Death , Coma/etiology , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Block/etiology , Humans , Ischemic Attack, Transient/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Observational Studies as Topic , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) is easy to induce severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and traditional mechanical ventilation cannot correct hypoxemia, so patients may die from multiple organ failure (MOF) caused by persistent hypoxia. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide effective respiratory support and win time for the treatment of severe H7N9. The first case of severe H7N9 in Guangdong Province in 2018 was admitted to Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University. The case was insult with severe ARDS caused by H7N9, the traditional mechanical ventilation could not correct hypoxemia, and the lung condition gradually improved with ECMO assistance. After 13 days of ECMO support, the patient was successfully weaned from ECMO and was transferred to a general ward after 55 days. After 102 days of rehabilitation, the patient was discharged from hospital and followed up for 2 months, who was in good health and had a good quality of life. This article states the diagnosis and treatment of severe H7N9 in details, providing experience for the treatment of severe H7N9 in the future.
